Effect of mobile phone usage time on total antioxidant capacity of saliva and salivary immunoglobulin A

Nowadays mobile phone is very popular, causing concern about the effect it has on people's health. Parotid salivary glands are in close contact to cell phone while talking with the phone and the possibility of being affected by them. Limited studies have evaluated the effect of cell phone use on the secretions of these glands; so this study was designed to investigate the effects of duration of mobile phone use on the total antioxidant capacity of saliva. Unstimulated saliva from 105 volunteers without oral lesions collected. The volunteers based on daily usage of mobile phones were divided into three groups then total antioxidant capacity of saliva was measured by Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma [FRAP] method. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 19. ANOVA was used to compare 3 groups and post-hoc Tukey test to compare between two groups. Average total antioxidant capacities of saliva in 3 groups were 657.91 micro mol/lit, 726.77 micro m/lit and 560.17 micro mol/lit, respectively. The two groups had statistically significant different [P=0.039]. Over an hour talking with a cell phone decreases total antioxidant capacity of saliva in comparison with talking less than twenty minutes

evaluation of psychological factor and salivary cortisol and IgA levels in patients with oral Lichen Planus

Oral lichen planus [OLP] is a chronic immunological disorder with unknown etiology. The aim of this study was to determine psychological factors and salivary cortisol, IgA level in patients with oral lichen planus. In this experimental study 20 patients with OLP and healthy person were admitted to this study. Saliva samples were collected between 9-10 Am. saliva cortisol, IgA level was detected by ELIZA method. In this study, patients with anxiety and depression were measured using the SCL-90 questionnaire. Data analyzed by t-test. The mean salivary cortisol level in patients with OLP was 3.2 +/- 1.9 ng/mL and the mean saliva cortisol level in healthy person was 3.5 +/- 1.9 ng/mL. Significant difference was observed in the salivary cortisol levels in the 2 study groups [p=0.04]. The mean salivary IgA level in patients with OLP was 0.69 +/- 0.29 ng/mL and the mean saliva IgA level in healthy person was 0.9 +/- 0.43 ng/mL but no significant difference was observed in the salivary cortisol levels in the 2 study groups. Results showed that anxiety levels in patients with oral lichen planus were slightly higher than controls but there was no significant difference between healthy subjects. Finding revealed the mean salivary cortisol level in patient with OLP less than healthy persons. Significant difference was observed in the salivary cortisol levels in the 2 study groups. Based on the t-student test, no significant difference was observed in the salivary IgA levels in the 2 study groups. Anxiety levels in patients with oral lichen planus were slightly higher than controls

Association of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene 86bp VNTR polymorphism with systemic lupus erythematosus in South East of Iran

Systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE] is an autoimmune disease with unknown etiology. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist [IL-1Ra] is naturally occurring cytokine that inhibits interleukin-1 [IL-1] activity by binding to the IL-1 receptors without signal transduction. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between IL-1Ra gene 86bp VNTR polymorphism and systemic lupus erythematosus in the South- East of Iran. In this case control study, genetic polymorphism was analyzed in 163 SLE patients and 183 healthy controls. Genotyping of IL-1Ra VNTR polymorphism was determined by gel electrophoresis after PCR amplification. IL-1Ra VNTR alleles have different copies of 86bp tandem repeats: allele 1[four repeats], allele 2 [two repeats], allele 3 [five repeats], allele 4 [three repeats] and allele 5 [six repeats]. We found an increased frequency of IL-1Ra allele 4 and 1/4 genotype in SLE patients compared to healthy controls [p=0.001 and p=0.002 respectively]. Whereas, the frequency of IL-1Ra allele 3 was higher in controls than SLE patients [p=0.01]. There was no any association between the IL-1Ra allele 2 and SLE. We did not observe any association between IL-1Ra polymorphism and SLE manifestations. We concluded that IL-1Ra allele 4 was involved in the pathogenesis of SLE. However, there was no association between the IL-1Ra allele 2 and SLE in South East of Iran

Association of DD genotype of insertion/deletion polymorphism of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene with systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephropathy

Systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE] is a multisystem disease with unknown etiology. We hypothesized that insertion/deletion [I/D] polymorphism of angiotensin-converting enzyme [ACE] gene may influence the development and/or progression of SLE and lupus nephritis. In a crass sectional case-control study, genomic DNA from 106 SLE patients and 103 healthy controls matched for sex, age, and ethnicity, were genotyped for the [I/D] polymorphism of ACE gene by polymerase chain reaction [PCR]. Comparison of quantitative variants between two groups was assessed by student t-test and association between qualitative variables was analyzed by the chi-square or Fisher exact tests. The frequency of DD genotype in SLE patients was significantly higher than control group [25.5% vs. 14%], and the risk of SLE was 2.2 times greater in subjects with DD genotype than the individual by DI and II genotypes [OR, 2.2 [95% CI, 1.1 to 4.4]; p=0.023]. The distribution of D allele in SLE patients was significantly higher [p=0.021] compare to controls [47 and 36.4, respectively]. The Risk of nephropathy in SLE patients with DD genotype was three times more than other genotypes [OR], 3 [95% CI, 1.1 to 8]; p=0.027]. This study demonstrated that ACE DD genotype acts as a risk factor on SLE and Lupus nephropathy in an Iranian population

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene Glu298Asp polymorphism in patients with coronary artery disease

Endo-derived nitric oxide [NO] is synthesized from L-arginine by endothelial nitric oxide synthase [NOS3]. Since reduced NO synthesis in endothelial cells has been implicated in the development of coronary atherosclerosis, we investigated the association of NOS3 gene polymorphisms and coronary artery disease [CAD] in an Iranian population. We studied the NOS3 gene Glu298Asp polymorphism in 241 CAD patients with positive coronary angiograms [i.e., >50% stenosis affecting at least one coronary vessel] in Shahid Rajaee Heart Hospital and 261 control subjects without a history of symptomatic CAD. The NOS3 gene polymorphism was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. Lipid profile and other risk factors were also determined. The genotype frequencies of Glu298Asp polymorphism for Glu/Glu, Glu/Asp, and Asp/Asp were 61.3%, 32.2%, and 6.5%, respectively, in control subjects, and 46.5%, 42.7%, and 10.8% in CAD patients, respectively. The genotype frequencies differed significantly between the two groups [P=.003]. The frequencies of the Asp alleles were 32.2% and 22.6% for CAD patients and control subjects, respectively; the difference between the two groups was statistically significant [P=.001; odds ratio=1.6]. Plasma lipids, except HDL-C, were also significantly increased in the CAD groups. These results suggest that CAD is associated with Glu298Asp polymorphism of the NOS3 gene in our population and that this polymorphism is an independent risk factor for CAD