Diabetes mellitus modifying factors; investigation among the inhabitants of Sargodha city, Pakistan

Diabetes mellitus is wide spread non transmissible disease but its prevalence is increasing everyday so this study was conducted with an aim to investigate the factors that are modifying diabetes mellitus among patients at DHQ [District Head Quarter] Hospital Sargodha. A prospective study was carried out by well-trained pharmacists in DHQ Sargodha, Pakistan to assess the factors modifying diabetes mellitus. Data was collected from 110 patients randomly by using convenience sampling method. A well structured questionnaire was designed to collect information from patients and entire procedure was conducted with the permission of concerned authorities of Hospital management. The factors that are considered in present study are medication, treatment, patient physician interaction and society attitude towards diabetic patients which are helpful in halting the progression of diabetes and prevention of co morbidities. The results of study disclose that 74.5% diabetic patients felt better after treatment whereas 56% diabetic patients were satisfied with the information provided by physician to them but still 70% patients were suffering from co morbidities. The survey indicated that 62.7% patients said that exercise proved to be healthy activity in improving diabetes. However 59% diabetic patients were following a proper diet plan which was helpful in modifying their diabetes. The diabetic patients must be informed about importance of regular follow-up in averting long-standing complications. Patients should be guided about importance of dietary recommendations, exercise and strict metabolic control, that can holdup or avert the series of complications allied with diabetes

Midstream urine isolates: sensitivity pattern of various antibiotics in pediatric patients

The objectives of the study was to determine different microorganisms responsible for causing urinary tract infections UTI in children and to evaluate sensitivity and resistance pattern of different antibiotics used in UTIs. Study was conducted in Children Hospital Complex [CHCM], Multan, Pakistan. Total 125 children having UTI were taken to determine the antibiotic sensitivity and resistance pattern against microorganisms causing urinary tract infections in children. The urine samples were collected in urine bottles and smears were made within 2 hours of sample collection. Urine sample was inoculated on agar media and then incubated for 24 hours. A smear was prepared on a slide form culture of microorganisms and gram testing was conducted. The microorganisms were then characterized by use of API [Analytical Profile Index] MICROBACT TM 24E of Oxoid England. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing of various antibiotics was performed by disc diffusion method. The percentage of Gram +ve bacteria causing urinary tract infections in children was 28%, Gram -ve 62.4% and Yeast 9.6%. The most prevailing species are S. aureus, S. epidermidis and E.coli. Results showed that female children are more prone to UTI than male children. Norfloxacin is effective in S. Aureus UTI while cefaclor is effective in S.epidermidis UTI. Amikacin, Norfloxacin and Cefuroxime are effective in UTI caused by E.coli