Contribution of outer membrane protein of pseudomonas aeruginosa to fluoroquinolones resistance

Background and aim of work: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important opportunistic pathogen infects immunocompromised hosts and characterized by its natural resistance to a variety of antimicrobial agents, especially fluoroquinolones. The purpose of this study was the assessment of the fluoroquinolones resistance level among P. aeruginosa clinical isolates, furthermore to compare between the outer membrane protein profile of flouroquinolones susceptible and resistant isolates of P. aeruginosa using Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis [SDS-PAGE] technique

Methods: among one-hundred and fifty bacterial clinical isolates, sixty fives [43%] were identified as P. aeruginosa by conventional culture techniques. MIC of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and levofloxacin against pseudomonal isolates were determined by twofold agar dilution technique. Then the outer membrane protein fraction of both sensitive and resistant strains was isolated to be analyzed by SDS-PAGE technique

Results: only about 39%, 40% and 42% of these isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and norfloxacin, respectively. Profile of outer membrane protein fraction of the all isolates showed an additional band with an approximate molecular weight of 50-54 kDa; only in fluoroquinolones resistant strains

Conclusion: overproduction of outer membrane protein of approximate molecular weight 50-54 kDa in P. aeruginosa were associated with fluoroquinolones resistance

Helicoacter pylori prevalence and resistance patterns in dyspeptic patients from Ismailia, Egypt

This study was aimed To determine the incidence of H. pylon with gastrointestinal disorders, to correlate its presence with endoscopic findings, and to determine the antibiotic resistance rates and patterns on isolates from dyspeptic patients in Ismailia, Egypt. Biopsy specimens were collected from 150 dyspeptic patients. One hundred and seven H. pylon isolates were isolated on selective Colombia blood agar and non-selective Brain heart infusion agar. Susceptibilities were determined for these isolates by disc diffusion methods.: The prevalence of positive H. pylon isolates among the dyspeptic patients was 71.33%. A strong association was found between H. pylon and duodenal ulcer more than gastric ulcer and gastritis. The resistance rate to metronidazole, tetracycline, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin was 86%, 7.4%, 5.6%, and 0.9%, respectively. Dual resistance rate for metronidazole-tetracycline was 4.6% and for metronidazole-clarithromycin was 3.7%. The rate of triple resistance was 1.8% for metronidazoletetracycline-clarithromycin and 0.9% for metronidazole- tetracycline- amoxicillin It may concluded that: Metronidazole resistance was a character of H. pylon isolates within most patients in Ismailia, while amoxicillin resistance is rare. Also combined resistance problem is growing due to the indiscriminate use of antibiotics. Antibiotics resistance monitoring is recommended continuously, since the successful treatment of H, pylon infection is becoming compromised by the emergence of resistance to antimicrobial. the disease

Molecular epidemiological ivestigation of nosocomial strains of acinetobacter baumannii

Five different epidemiological typing methods, biotyping, antibiotyping, whole cell and cell-envelope protein analysis and plasmid analysis were evaluated to study a nosocomial out-break-caused by Ancinetobacter baumannii in a Spinal Cord Injury Unit. 57 strains isolated from urine samples were submitted to this study. Typing methods showed different discriminatory powers. All the isolates were categorized into 2 groups using either biotyping [with APINE system or conventional techniques] or profiles analysis as epidemiological typing methods. No noticeable differences has been observed between the whole cell protein patterns [either by the classic methods or by labeling with 35 S-methionine] and the cell envelope patterns. Plasmid DNA analysis was relatively rapid to perform and it had a higher discriminatory power than biotyping, whole-cell or cell- envelope protein analysis

Studies on shigella serotypes isolated from Spanish travelling abroad compared with isolates from spain

Shigella was isolated as a cause of traveler's diarrhea in fifty- seven out of five hundred and eighty-seven examined samples. They were identified as S. flexneri [49%], S. sonnei [33%], S. boydii [7%] and S. dysenteriae [10%]; whereas, only S. sonnei [66%] and S. flexneri [34%] were found to cause diarrhea in this country. Ampicillin and chloramphenicol resistance was more frequent in S. flexneri than S. sonnei; whereas, trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole resistance was more frequent in S. sonnei of travel-related isolates. Seventy- nine and 55% of S. sonnei isolates from traveler's diarrhea showed tetracycline and trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole resistance, respectively compared with only 8% of isolates from patients without travel history. Low level resistance to cephalosporins was found; whereas quinolones resistant strains were not detected among Shigella isolates and thus, quinolones may be the appropriate antibiotic for the prevention and to initiate therapy of travel-related Shigellosis

Atwo hours test for the detection of urinary tract infection caused by Ecoli or protease species

2 enzymatic tests: B-glucuronidase and phenylalanine deaminase, were evaluated for screening of E. coli and Proteeae species [Morganella, Proteus and Providencia] in urine samples within 2 hours. A total of 145 urine specimens [from 87 males and 58 females] were examined by the two tests and the results were compared with the conventional semiquantitative culture method. The latter showed E. coli in 51 urine specimens. Of these, 48 urine sediments exhibited B- glucuronidase activity. Proteeae species were isolated from 29 urine samples by the culture method, of which 27 samples showed phenylalanine deaminase positive tests. The remaining 65 urine cultures were either negative or positive for uropathogens but other than E. coli and Proteeae species and none of these cultures showed activity for either B-glucuronidase or phenylalanine deaminase. However, B-glucuronidase test was positive in only one sample in which the culture was negative. The sensitivity and specificity of the B- glucuronidase test were 96% and 85% respectively, whereas, its positive and negative predictive values were 96% and 97% respectively. The phenylalanine deaminase test showed sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of 85%, 100%, 95% and 100% respectively. It is concluded from these results that the two tests can be used efficiently, within 2 hours, to detect urinary tract infections caused by E. coli or Proteeae species