ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: Diabetes mellitus (DM) refers to a group of common metabolic disorders that share the phenotype of hyperglycemia. Depending on the etiology of the Diabetes mellitus, factors contributing to hyperglycemia include reduced insulin secretion, decreased glucose utilization, and increased glucose production. In diabetes, oxidative stress seems caused by both increased production of ROS, sharp reduction in antioxidant defenses and altered cellular redox status. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: The study was conducted on 35 diabetic patients (11 Female /24 Male) with mean age of 52.8±5.4 years. Both the study groups were non-smokers and non-alcoholics and were not suffering from any other chronic disease. MDA and antioxidants status were estimated in both cases (35) and controls (30). Results: Plasma MDA levels in type 2 diabetic patients were found to be significantly higher (p<0.001) than controls, whereas levels of GPx, SOD, CAT, vitamin C and uric acid were significantly lower (p<0.001) in the diabetic patients compared to the control subjects. Conclusion: Diabetic patients were susceptible to oxidative stress and persistent hyperglycemia had an association with free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation. Our study suggests an imbalance between plasma oxidant and antioxidant system in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives:Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is characterized by a chronic hypertrophic synovitis leading to destruction of connective tissues and functional damage of cartilage and bony structure. Reactive oxygen species play an important role in tissue injury of this disease. The objective of this study was to measure the oxidative stress, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in both study and control groups. Materials and methods: The study was conducted on 50 RA patients (35 Female /15 Male) with mean age of (46±6.3) years. Both the study groups were non-smokers and non-alcoholics and were not suffering from any other chronic disease. Lipid peroxidation products, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants were estimated in cases (50) and controls (30). Results: TBARs levels in patients with Rheumatoid arthritis were found to be significantly (p<0.001) higher than controls, whereas levels of GSH-Px, SOD and CAT, Vitamin E (p<0.001) and vitamin C (p<0.004) were significantly lower in the RA patients compared to control subjects. Uric acid and ceruloplasmin levels in the plasma of RA patients were significantly (p <0.001) higher as compared to control subjects. Conclusion: The enhanced lipid peroxidation accompanied by perturbation in antioxidant status indicates free radical mediated oxidative damage in rheumatoid arthritis.
ABSTRACT
Ovomucoid is a serine proteinase inhibitor in the egg whites of all avian species at a concentration of about 10 mg/ml. The involvement of proteinases in a multitude of control functions in an organism has created an interest in their physiological inhibitors. Regulation of proteolytic activity in tissues is a critical requirement in the maintenance of homeostasis. Egg white proteins possess ACE-inhibitory activity, & also high radical-scavenging activity. The combined antioxidant and ACE-inhibitory properties of egg white hydrolysates, or the corresponding peptides, would make a useful multifunctional preparation for the control of cardiovascular diseases. Proteases play key roles in several physiological processes, including intracellular protein degradation, bone remodeling, and antigen presentation, and their activities are increased in pathophysiological conditions such as cancer metastasis and inflammation. They are also required for invasion by microorganism. Four protease inhibitors have been identified in egg white: cystatin, ovomucoid, ovomacroglobulin (also known as ovostatin), and ovoinhibitor. Use of proteinase inhibitors in the treatment of certain diseases has renewed interest in their specificity and stability, both of which in turn depend on the tertiary structure of the inhibitor. Structural alteration to obtain molecules of desired properties requires knowledge of relationship between structure, function and stability. Aims: In view of its importance, in the present study duck ovomucoid was isolated and characterized for its physicochemical properties. Methodology: Duck ovomucoid was isolated and characterized for its physicochemical properties. Analytical gel filtration (Sephacryl S-100 HR column) was used for purification, determination of molecular weight (MW), carbohydrate content and Stokes radius.