Teenage cigarette smokers with schistosoma mansoni: Effect of multifacet management on hepatic and bronchio-alveolar disposition

Schitosomiasis and cigarette smoking are among the common health hazards in young Egyptians worthy of concern. The present study aims to investigate the influence of cigarette smoking and management strategy on serum and branchioalveolar lavage [BAL] parameters in teenage male cases with and without S.mansoni. Certain indices of immuno-inflammatory response, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, vasoactive mechanisms and anti-oxidant defense capacity would be evaluated. The study included forty selected cigarette smoker male cases [mean age 15.9 +/- 2.6 years] who were sub-classified equally into two groups involving cases with S.mansoni [G I] and without S.mansoni [G II]. Ten age-matched non Schistosomal individuals non-smokers were included as a control [G Ill]. Biochemical assessment of serum and BAL included the evaluation of cotinine, total thiols, ceruloplasmin, uric acid, lipid peroxidation product, interleukin-5, eotaxin, RANTES, surfactant proteins A and D, procollagen Ill, trace elements and hepatocyte growth factor. Management strategy was evaluated after six months of quitting smoking and treatment with praziquantel, Nigella sativa, Garlic extract and antioxidants. The result showed that alterations in assessed parameters were greatly influenced by cigarette smoking more profoundly in cases with S mansoni. The management strategy identified the alleviation of reactive oxygen species [ROS] determinants on immuno-inflammatory response with beneficial outcome in assessed parameters. In conclusion, the proposed strategy for management of smoking in teenagers especially those with liver disposition was effective and identified the greater benefits of early intervention alongside smoking cessation

Influence of therapy on early development of osteoporosis in male smoker subjects with hypoandrogenism influenced by life style and schistosomal hepatic fibrosis

The study aims to evaluate the multifact outcome of hypoandrogenemia colinked with the impact of oxidative stress induced by glucose intolerance, Schistosomal hepatic fibrosis [SHF] and cumulative smoking influence on bone remodeling and early development of osteoporotic manifestations. The effect on vascular endothelium immune mediated mechanisms and antioxidant capacity were monitored in cases of 30 middle aged selected male cases involving 20 subjects with hypoandrogenemia who were either smokers and subjected to sedentary life style, glucose intolerance and SHF [GI] or without [GII] as well as cases of GI after following 6 months therapy [GIII] compared to controls [GIV]. Monitoring of clinical picture and biochemical assessments of osteoporotic indices [osteocalcin, bone alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone, urinary cyclic AMP], hypoandrogenism [dehydroepiandrosterane sulphate "DHEAS" and testosterone] glycemic determinant [insulin] immunoinflammatory response [interleukein-6 "IL-6", tumor necrosis factor a "TNF-alpha", E-selectin, ceruloplasmin] smoking index [serum cotinine], tolal antioxidant capacity [AOC] and lipid peroxidation product [malonedialdehyde] were done before and after 6 months therapeutic program involving supplement of DHEAS, chromium picolinate, and megavit zinc alongside smoking cessation and physical exercise daily for at least 30 minutes. It was evident that the adjustment of hormonal status and antioxidant potential should be dealt with smoking cessation to maintain physical fitness and to retard the early onset of osteoporosis. the recognition of the profound impact of life style choices on bone health, risk factors of which the most frequent include smoking, hypoandrogenemia and glucose intolerance besides metabolic and immunoinflammatory derangement posed by SHF all of which induce oxidative stress and potentiate the early development of osteoporosis in middle aged male smokers. Cessation of smoking and adopting active life style with at least half hour daily sportive exercise besides supplements with DHEAS, chromium, zinc and multivitamin-mineral supplement for six months had retarded and readjusted osteoprotic manifestations in studied group

Reversibility of fibrogenesis in teenage subjects with schistosoma mansoni and cryptosporidium parvum by therapeutic regimen

The study aims to identify the influence of young age on the magnitude of change in selected fibrogenic mechanisms, antioxidant status and immuno-inflammatory response to Schistosoma mansoni and Cryptosporidium parvum coinfection by therapeutic regimen to teenage subjects. Twenty five cases proved to be infected with S. mansoni were classified into two groups [GI including 12 subjects and GII including 13 subjects] confirming their subjection to Cryptosporidium parvum coinfection. Following the antischistosomal treatment, the therapeutic regimen evaluated herein involved monitoring the outcome of six months intake of Silymarin, cod liver oil, selenium and allium stadium. The results revealed a coordinated anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic impact linked to antioxidant scavenging potency that was implemented furthermore by the combined inhibitory effect of selenium and garlic extract on Cryptosporidium parvum which was monitored in teenage subjects after six months therapy

Endothelial damage potentiated by smoking in male Subjects with schistosoma mansoni

The cummulative effect of smoke inhalation inducing free radical generation and potentiating endothelial damage influencing liver and kidney function with alterations of lipid metabolism accelerating lipid peroxidation products and atherogenesis was evaluated in male smokers categorised into light and heavy smokers. The impact of schistosomal affection on the overall process of change monitored in smokers [age range 25 - 40] expressed more profound out come, which would influence furthermore the magnitude of hepatic insult and sequence of events in such cases

Coagulopathy: influence of Schistosoma mansoni and Hbs Ag altered equilibria in post-partum preeclamptic states

The anticoagulants, protein C [PC], protein S [PS] and thrombin-antithrombin complex [TAT] were assessed in four selected groups involving non-pregnant cases [Group I[A]IV[A]] [G I[A]; were considered as controls, G II[A]: with active schistosomiasis, G III[A]: with hepatitis B surface antigen [Hbs Ag] carrier inactive state and G IV[A]: with S. mansoni and Hbs Ag carrier inactive state], and allied cases immediately after delivery [Group I[B]-IV[B]]. A similar category of selected groups were assessed for those suffering from preeclampsia [PE] prior to delivery [Group I[C]-IV[C]]. The groups involved normal control group [G I], a group with schistosoma mansoni [G II], a group that were inactive Hbs Ag carrier [G III] and a group with schistosoma and inactive Hbs Ag carrier state [G IV]. Reduced PC, PS vs elevated TAT [G IV[A] > G II[A] > G III[A] > G I[A]] were presented in non-pregnant states. Assessed values immediately after delivery showed greater-magnitude of change in PE than those with normotensive pregnancies with significantly higher TAT. A relative decrease of PC and PS levels [G Iv[C] > G lic > G III[C] > G I[C]] compared to [G IV[B] > G II[B] > G III[B] > G I[B]] was apparent. Significant decrease of PC and PS were evident only in G Iv[C]. In conclusion, preeclamptic schistosomal cases with inactive Hbs Ag carrier state presented greater risk of thrombotic complications owing to inadequate complementary compensatory mechanism between PC and antithrombin III [AT III]