Glucose, insulin and adiponectin relationships in serum of type-2-Egyptian diabetic patients

Seventy six samples of blood were taken from 66 volunteers [38 male and 28 female] of type-2-diabetic patients and 10 samples from intact subjects. Serum samples were collected from the lab of French Teaching Hospital, Cairo, Egypt. The age of patients and control varied from 35 to 50 years. Serum glucose. insulin and adiponectin levels were measured at fasting and postprandial states. There were high serum glucose and insulin levels in diabetic patients comparing to control subjects. The serum adiponectin levels in all type-2-diabetic patients [10.57-15.47 micro g/ml] were significantly less than that present in control [23.35 micro g/ml]. Serum adiponectin level was significantly and negatively correlated with serum glucose. In male and female diabetic patients, the adiponectin levels varied from 13.45 to 15.05 micro g/ml and from 7.68 to 17.10 micro g/ml, respectively. A negatively significant correlation was present between serum insulin and adiponectin levels in male patients. At postprandial state, the glucose level was elevated with both insignificant increase in insulin level and decrease in adiponectin level. The data suggest that blood adiponectin must be determind and increased to the normal level by medicine before treatment of type-2-diabetic patients

Reduce the acrylamide content in frying potatoes by olive leaves and reduce the toxicity of acrylamide by arginine in rats

Acrylamide was determined in some traditionally commercial and homemade Egyptian foods in addition to mother milk. Some additives were used during preparation of home fried potatoes. Fried onions and fried eggplants contained very high amounts of acrylamide. Olive leaves prevented formation of acrylamide in home fried potatoes. Egyptian mother milk contained large quantities of acrylamide [482 microg/L]. Arginine, lysine or valine was administrated into rats without or with acrylamide daily for 35 consecutive days, as antidotes. Two groups of rats were administrated acrylamide and vehicle [control]. Acrylamide decreased the initial weight of rats, serum and brain contents of total proteins, albumin and glutathione in addition to lactate dehydrogenase activity, while malonaldehyde content, glutathione-Stransferase, superoxide dismutase and lysosomal enzymes activities [Acid phosphatase, N-acety-beta-galactosidase and beta galactosidase] were increased comparing to control. Histopathological studies showed also a great damage in brain by acrylamide. Arginine ameliorated the harmful effects of acrylamide to great extent followed by lysine to lesser extent

Adiponectin, insulin and nitric oxide levels in hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia in addition to streptozotocin-indined diabetes mellitus and normal rats intraperitonially injected with anthocyanin and epicatechin extracts

Normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were intraperitonially injected with hibiscus anthocyanin [90 mg/Kg bw] and green tea epicatechin [60 mg/Kg bw] extracts daily for two weeks. In addition, normal and diabetic rats were force fed on high-fat diet for two weeks. Rats suffering from hypercholesterolemia were used for induction of diabetes mellitus and fed on a hypercholesterolemic diet for two weeks using non-diabetic hypercholesterolemic rats as positive control. At the end of the experiment, serum glucose insulin, adiponectin, nitric oxide and lipid profile were measured. Anthocyanin and epicatechin extracts significantly decreased the elevated levels of glucose, nitric oxide, triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL-C in serum of diabetic rats, while adiponectin was slightly increased. The concentrations of serum glucose, nitric oxide, triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL-C were greatly increased, while adiponectin level was significantly decreased in diabetic rats fed high-fat or high-cholesterol diets. These results indicate that increased nitric oxide and [or] decreased adiponectin in serum may result in increasing the glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL-C levels in diabetic, hyperlipidemic and hypercholesterolemic rats

Okra and Jew's mellow mucilages as hypoglycemic agents

Adult male normal and diabetic rats were maintained on diets containing 1,2,3 or 4% mucilage extracted from okra pods and jew's mellow leaves. The blood samples were taken every two weeks for measuring glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C and triacylglycerols. At the end of experiment [6 weeks], the animals were sacrificed and hepatic glycogen contents were measured. The mucilages decreased plasma levels of glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-C and triacylglycerols, while HDL-C and hepatic glycogen were increased