ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The prognostic significance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has been determined in breast cancers. Interferons can affect T-cell activity through direct and indirect mechanisms. Myxovirus resistance A (MxA) is an excellent marker of interferon activity. Here,we evaluated TILs and MxA expression in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–positive breast cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety cases of hormone receptor (HR)+/HER2+ tumors and 78 cases of HR–/HER2+ tumors were included. The TILs level was assessed using hematoxylin and eosin–stained full face sections, and MxA expressionwas evaluated by immunohistochemistrywith a tissue microarray. RESULTS: MxA protein expression was significantly higher in tumors with high histologic grade (p=0.023) and high levels of TILs (p=0.002). High levels of TILs were correlated with high histological grade (p=0.001), negative lymphovascular invasion (p=0.007), negative lymph node metastasis (p=0.007), absence of HR expression (p < 0.001), abundant tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) around ductal carcinoma in situ (p=0.018), and abundant TLSs around the invasive component (p < 0.001). High levels of TILs were also associated with improved disease-free survival, particularly in HR–/HER2+ breast cancers. However, MxA was not a prognostic factor. CONCLUSION: High expression of MxA in tumor cells was associated with high levels of TILs in HER2-positive breast cancers. Additionally, a high level of TILs was a prognostic factor for breast cancer, whereas the level of MxA expression had no prognostic value.
Subject(s)
Humans , Breast Neoplasms , Breast , Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating , Disease-Free Survival , Epidermal Growth Factor , Hematoxylin , Interferons , Lymph Nodes , Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating , Myxovirus Resistance Proteins , Neoplasm Metastasis , Orthomyxoviridae , ErbB Receptors , T-LymphocytesABSTRACT
Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the bile duct (IPMN-B) is frequently found and has recently been recognized as a precancerous lesion leading to invasive carcinoma characterized by papillary growth of the ductal epithelium with rich mucin production and cystic dilatation of the hepatic duct. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice to avoid malignant transformation. Despite a growing number of studies on IPMN-B, there are few reports of its treatment aside from surgery. A 75-year-old woman was incidentally diagnosed as IPMN-B. Considering the patient's age, comorbidity, and preference, we recommended an argon plasma coagulation (APC) as local ablation therapy rather than surgical resection. There was no evidence of remnant tumor on percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy 4 weeks after the ablation of tumor mass by using APC. We report a rare case of IPMN-B successfully treated with APC.
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Argon Plasma Coagulation , Argon , Bile Duct Neoplasms , Bile Ducts , Bile , Comorbidity , Dilatation , Epithelium , Hepatic Duct, Common , MucinsABSTRACT
Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the bile duct (IPMN-B) is frequently found and has recently been recognized as a precancerous lesion leading to invasive carcinoma characterized by papillary growth of the ductal epithelium with rich mucin production and cystic dilatation of the hepatic duct. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice to avoid malignant transformation. Despite a growing number of studies on IPMN-B, there are few reports of its treatment aside from surgery. A 75-year-old woman was incidentally diagnosed as IPMN-B. Considering the patient's age, comorbidity, and preference, we recommended an argon plasma coagulation (APC) as local ablation therapy rather than surgical resection. There was no evidence of remnant tumor on percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy 4 weeks after the ablation of tumor mass by using APC. We report a rare case of IPMN-B successfully treated with APC.
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Argon Plasma Coagulation , Argon , Bile Duct Neoplasms , Bile Ducts , Bile , Comorbidity , Dilatation , Epithelium , Hepatic Duct, Common , MucinsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Venous invasion (VI) is widely accepted as a poor prognostic factor in colorectal cancer (CRC), and is indicated as a high-risk factor determining the use of adjuvant chemotherapy in CRC. However, there is marked interobserver and intraobserver variability in VI identification and marked variability in the real prevalence of VI in CRC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated the detection rate of VI in 93 consecutive cases of T3 or T4 CRC based on the following: original pathology report, review of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) slides with attention to the "protruding tongue" and "orphan arteriole" signs, and elastic stain as the gold standard. RESULTS: Overall, the detection rate of VI was significantly increased as follows: 14/93 (15.1%) in the original pathology report, 38/93 (40.9%) in review of H&E slides with attention to the "protruding tongue" and "orphan arteriole" signs, and 45/93 (48.4%) using elastic stain. VI detection based on morphologic features showed 77.8% sensitivity and 91.1% specificity and showed a linear correlation (Spearman correlation coefficient, 0.727; p < 0.001) with VI detected by elastic stain. In addition, improved agreement between detection methods (detection on the basis of morphologic features, κ=0.719 vs. original pathology report, κ=0.318) was observed using kappa statistics. CONCLUSION: Slide review with special attention to the "protruding tongue" and "orphan arteriole" signs could be used for better identification of VI in CRC in routine surgical practice.