ABSTRACT
Histone modifications have been demonstrated to play a significant role in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) epigenetic regulation. An in-silico analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) of various histone acetyl transferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) suggested that HATs do not differ between normal and tumor samples whereas HDAC2 and HDAC1 change maximally and marginally respectively between normal and tumor patients with no change being noted in HDAC6 expression. Hence, this investigation was carried out to validate the expression states of HDAC 1, 2 and 6 mRNAs in buccal mucosa and tongue SCC samples in an Indian cohort. Buccal mucosa and tongue squamous cell carcinoma tissues with intact histopathology were processed for RNA isolation followed by cDNA synthesis which was then subjected to q-PCR for HDACs. The average RNA yield of the tongue tissue sample was ∼2 μg/mg of tissue and the A260/280 ratios were between 2.03 and 2.06. The average RNA yield of buccal mucosa tissue sample was ∼1 μg/mg of tissue and the A260/280 ratio were between 2.00 and 2.08. We have demonstrated that HDAC2 was overexpressed in tongue and buccal mucosa samples. Over-expression of HDAC2 imply potential use of HDACi along with standard chemotherapeutic drug in oral cancer treatment.
ABSTRACT
Histone modifications have been demonstrated to play a significant role in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) epigenetic regulation. An in-silico analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) of various histone acetyl transferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) suggested that HATs do not differ between normal and tumor samples whereas HDAC2 and HDAC1 change maximally and marginally respectively between normal and tumor patients with no change being noted in HDAC6 expression. Hence, this investigation was carried out to validate the expression states of HDAC 1, 2 and 6 mRNAs in buccal mucosa and tongue SCC samples in an Indian cohort. Buccal mucosa and tongue squamous cell carcinoma tissues with intact histopathology were processed for RNA isolation followed by cDNA synthesis which was then subjected to q-PCR for HDACs. The average RNA yield of the tongue tissue sample was ∼2 μg/mg of tissue and the A260/280 ratios were between 2.03 and 2.06. The average RNA yield of buccal mucosa tissue sample was ∼1 μg/mg of tissue and the A260/280 ratio were between 2.00 and 2.08. We have demonstrated that HDAC2 was overexpressed in tongue and buccal mucosa samples. Over-expression of HDAC2 imply potential use of HDACi along with standard chemotherapeutic drug in oral cancer treatment.
ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of this study was to purify and characterize bacteriocin from the soil isolate Bacillus subtilis GAS101, and to determine its antimicrobial as well as antibiofilm potential. The purified bacteriocin was further analyzed and evaluated for mammalian cell cytotoxicity and the possible mode of action
Material and Methods: Bacteriocin from B. subtilis GAS101 [an animal husbandry soil isolate] was partially purified and checked for antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The molecular weight of bacteriocin was determined using tricine SDS-PAGE gel. The stability of bacteriocin was investigated at various temperatures and pH levels, and its sensitivity towards 8 enzymes and 6 chemicals was determined. Cytotoxicity analysis was performed on a Vero cell line by a tetrazolium dye-based assay. Scanning electron microscopy [SEM] of bacteriocin-treated bacteria was carried out to determine the possible mode of action
Results: Bacteriocin from B. subtilis GAS101 was a potential inhibitor of both the indicator organisms [Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli], and had a molecular weight of approximately 6.5 kDa. An in situ gel assay showed a zone of inhibition corresponding to the estimated protein band size. Bacteriocin was stable and showed antibacterial activity in broad ranges of temperature [30-121 degree C] and pH [2-12]. It was sensitive to 4 proteolytic enzymes, which indicated its proteinaceous nature. Bacteriocin showed > 70% cell viability on the mammalian Vero cell line. SEM depicted that the bacteriocin was able to disrupt the bacterial cell membrane as its probable mode of action
Conclusion: Thermostable and pH-tolerant bacteriocin from B. subtilis GAS101, of about 6.5 kDa, showed broad-spectrum antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: We retrospectively reviewed the outcomes of patients who had been treated with meloxicam for the extra-abdominal desmoid tumors and evaluated the correlation between clinical outcome and clinic pathological variables. METHODS: Twenty patients treated with meloxicam were followed up every 3 to 6 months. Meloxicam administration was planned at 15 mg/day orally for 6 months. RESULTS: Of the 20 patients evaluated, according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors criteria, there were five patients with partial response (25.0%), eight with stable disease (40.0%), and seven with tumor progression (35.0%). The cumulative probability of dropping out from our nonsurgical strategy using meloxicam was 35.0% at 1 year and 35.0% at 5 years. CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that conservative treatment would be a primary treatment option for this perplexing disease even though we were not able to determine that the use of a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor would have an additional influence on the natural course of a desmoid tumor.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cyclooxygenase 2 , Fibromatosis, Aggressive , Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To assess the performance of a low cost magnifying device (Magnivisualizer) compared to a standard optical colposcope for detection of precancerous and cancerous lesions of the uterine cervix. METHODS: A total of 659 consecutive symptomatic women attending a gynecologic outpatient clinic underwent unaided visual inspection followed by cytology, visual inspection of the cervix using 5% acetic acid (VIA), and VIA under magnification (VIAM) with the Magnivisualizer. All women, independently of test results, were referred for colposcopic examination. Colposcopic-directed biopsies were obtained from all positive lesions and compared to positive VIAM cases. RESULTS: The detection rate for VIA positive lesions was 12% (134/659), while it was 29% for VIAM positive lesions (191/659). The sensitivities of detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 and higher lesions were 61.7% for VIA, 88.3% for VIAM, and 86.7% for colposcopy, with a specificity of 58.5% for VIA, 55.8% for VIAM, and 90.4% for colposcopy. The performance of colposcopy and VIAM was moderate (kappa, 0.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.41 to 0.54) for detection of CIN 1 and higher lesions and excellent (kappa, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.82 to 0.94) for detection of CIN 2 and higher lesions. CONCLUSION: In low resource settings, where colposcopic facilities are not available at the community level, a simple low-cost, handheld Magnivisualizer can be considered a valid option for detection of cervical precancerous and cancerous lesions. However, it cannot replace traditional colposcopy because it has a low specificity that results in many unnecessary biopsies.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Acetic Acid , Biopsy/methods , Colposcopes , Colposcopy , Early Detection of Cancer/instrumentation , Equipment Design , Neoplasm Grading , Optical Imaging/instrumentation , Outpatient Clinics, Hospital , Reproducibility of Results , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/diagnosis , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnosisABSTRACT
Symmetrical peripheral gangrene is usually associated with under-lying medical problems and it is seldom seen in pregnancy. Sepsis though common in a setting of delivery by unskilled midwife is rarely accompanied by symmetrical gangrene. Case Presentation: We report a case of symmetrical peripheral gangrene which occurred in the winter, triggered possibly by sepsis and a single dose of ergot. A high index of suspicion, early diagnosis and intervention with appropriate measures will result in favorable outcome in such cases. Although postpartum period is of high risk for sepsis and use of ergot alkaloids is common in labor but occurrence of peripheral symmetrical gangrene is rare. A high index of suspicion for the diagnosis and timely intervention will prevent irreparable damage and loss of limb
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This randomized clinical trial was conducted to compare a fistulectomy and a fistulotomy with marsupialization in the management of a simple anal fistula. METHODS: Forty patients with simple anal fistula were randomized into two groups. Fistulous tracts were managed by using a fistulectomy (group A) while a fistulotomy with marsupialization was performed in group B. The primary outcome measure was wound healing time while secondary outcome measures were operating time, postoperative wound size, postoperative pain, wound infection, anal incontinence, recurrence and patient satisfaction. RESULTS: Postoperative wounds in group B healed earlier in comparison to group A wounds (4.85 +/- 1.39 weeks vs. 6.75 +/- 1.83 weeks, P = 0.035). No significant differences existed between the operating times (28.00 +/- 6.35 minutes vs. 28.20 +/- 6.57 minutes, P = 0.925) and visual analogue scale scores for postoperative pain on the first postoperative day (4.05 +/- 1.47 vs. 4.50 +/- 1.32, P = 0.221) for the two groups. Postoperative wounds were larger in group A than in group B (2.07 +/- 0.1.90 cm2 vs. 1.23 +/- 0.87 cm2), however this difference did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.192). Wound discharge was observed for a significantly longer duration in group A than in group B (4.10 +/- 1.91 weeks vs. 2.75 +/- 1.71 weeks, P = 0.035). There were no differences in social and sexual activities after surgery between the patients of the two groups. No patient developed anal incontinence or recurrence during the follow-up period of twelve weeks. CONCLUSION: In comparison to a fistulectomy, a fistulotomy with marsupialization results in faster healing and a shorter duration of wound discharge without increasing the operating time.