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1.
Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz ; 68(2): 314-317, maio-ago. 2009. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP, SESSP-CTDPROD, SES-SP, SESSP-ACVSES, SESSP-IALPROD, SES-SP, SESSP-IALACERVO | ID: lil-544587

ABSTRACT

Em vista dos problemas detectados no diagnóstico de infecção pelos vírus linfotrópicos de células T humanas dos tipos 1 e -2 (HTLV-1 e HTLV-2) em casuística encaminhada ao Instituto Adolfo Lutz de São Paulo, foi proposto um novo algoritmo de testes laboratoriais que utiliza duas amostras de sangue seqüenciais. Na primeira o sangue é coletado em tubo seco e feita triagem sorológica com dois ensaios imunoenzimáticos (EIAs). Na segunda, o sangue é coletado em tubo contendo o anticoagulante ácido etilenodiamino tetra acético (EDTA) para a repetição dos EIAs e para os testes confirmatórios de Western blot (WB) e reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). Os resultados obtidos com 313 amostras de sangue mostraram ineficiência do algoritmo, pois nos casos EIA reagentes, apenas 25% tiveram uma segunda amostra de sangue coletada e destas, apenas três em EDTA. Portanto, não foi possível comparar o desempenho da PCR em relação ao WB. Um algoritmo simples, de coleta única de sangue em tubo contendo EDTA foi proposto e vem sendo utilizado para a triagem e para os testes confirmatórios.


Subject(s)
HIV Antibodies , HTLV-I Infections , HTLV-II Infections , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Serology , Immunoenzyme Techniques , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 , Blotting, Western
2.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 51(1): 25-29, Jan.-Feb. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-505991

ABSTRACT

Epidemiological studies conducted in Peru disclosed HTLV-1 to be prevalent in different ethnic groups, and found HTLV-2 in some Amazonian Indians and in men who have sex with men. No data concerning HTLV-1/2 infection in blood donors from Arequipa, a highlands region in southern Peru, is available. We searched for the presence of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 antibodies in 2,732 serum samples obtained from blood donors from this geographic area. HTLV-1/2-specific antibodies were detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and were confirmed by Western blot (WB). Reactive sera had their blood bags discarded from donation, and the demographic characteristics of the donors were analyzed. Thirty-five sera (1.2 percent) were HTLV seroreactive by ELISA, and 25 were confirmed HTLV-1-positive by WB. One serum disclosed HTLV-positivity, and the remaining nine serum samples showed indeterminate results by WB; three of which had an HTLV-1 indeterminate Gag profile. The median age of HTLV-positive individuals was 34.6 years; 27 were male and eight were female. All individuals were from southern Peru: 27 from Arequipa, five from Puno, and three from Cuzco. HTLV co-positivity with hepatitis B (five sera) and syphilis (one serum) were detected. Previous transfusion and tattooing were observed in two and one individuals, respectively. No serum was positive for HTLV/HIV co-infection. This study confirmed, for the first time, HTLV-1 infection and the absence of HTLV-2 infection in blood donors from Arequipa, Peru and suggests vertical transmission as the major route of HTLV-1 transmission and acquisition in this geographic region.


Estudos epidemiológicos conduzidos no Peru apontam a infecção por HTLV-1 como prevalente em diferentes grupos étnicos e por HTLV-2 restrita a alguns índios da região Amazônica e a homens que fazem sexo com homens. Não existem dados sobre a infecção por HTLV-1/2 em doadores de sangue de Arequipa, região montanhosa do sul do Peru. Portanto, o presente estudo pesquisou anticorpos anti-HTLV-1 e HTLV-2 em 2.732 doadores de sangue desta região geográfica. Foram utilizados na triagem sorológica os testes imunoenzimáticos (ELISA) e para confirmação dos resultados o Western Blot (WB). Soros reagentes no ELISA tiveram suas bolsas de sangue descartadas. Os resultados obtidos foram analisados de acordo com características demográficas dos indivíduos. Trinta e cinco soros (1,2 por cento) resultaram HTLV-1/2 reagentes no ELISA, 25 confirmaram infecção por HTLV-1 no WB. Um soro resultou HTLV positivo e os nove soros restantes resultaram em padrão indeterminado no WB: três com perfil HTLV-1 Gag indeterminado. A média de idade dos indivíduos HTLV positivos foi de 34,6 anos; 27 do gênero masculino e oito do gênero feminino. Todos eram da região sul do país: 27 de Arequipa, cinco de Puno e três de Cuzco. Foi detectada co-positividade HTLV com hepatite B (cinco soros) e sífilis (um soro). Nenhum soro resultou positivo para a co-infecção HIV/HTLV. Havia dois indivíduos com transfusão prévia e um com tatuagem. Este trabalho confirma pela primeira vez infecção por HTLV-1 e ausência de infecção por HTLV-2 em doadores de sangue de Arequipa, sul do Peru e sugere que a transmissão vertical seja a principal via de transmissão/aquisição de HTLV-1 nesta região geográfica.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Blood Donors , HTLV-I Infections/epidemiology , HTLV-II Infections/epidemiology , Blotting, Western , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , HTLV-I Antibodies/blood , HTLV-I Infections/diagnosis , HTLV-II Antibodies/blood , HTLV-II Infections/diagnosis , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/genetics , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/immunology , /genetics , /immunology , Prevalence , Peru/epidemiology
3.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 49(6): 361-364, Nov.-Dec. 2007. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-470518

ABSTRACT

Testing problems in diagnosing human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) infection, mostly HTLV-II, have been documented in HIV/AIDS patients. Since December 1998, the Immunology Department of Instituto Adolfo Lutz (IAL) offers HTLV-I/II serology to Public Health Units that attend HTLV high-risk individuals. Two thousand, three hundred and twelve serum samples: 1,393 from AIDS Reference Centers (Group I), and 919 from HTLV out-patient clinics (Group II) were sent to IAL for HTLV-I/II antibodies detection. The majority of them were screened by two enzyme immunoassays (EIAs), and confirmed by Western Blot (WB 2.4, Genelabs). Seven different EIA kits were employed during the period, and according to WB results, the best performance was obtained by EIAs that contain HTLV-I and HTLV-II viral lysates and rgp21 as antigens. Neither 1st and 2nd, nor 3rd generation EIA kits were 100 percent sensitive in detecting truly HTLV-I/II reactive samples. HTLV-I and HTLV-II prevalence rates of 3.3 percent and 2.5 percent were detected in Group I, and of 9.6 percent and 3.6 percent in Group II, respectively. High percentages of HTLV-seroindeterminate WB sera were detected in both Groups. The algorithm testing to be employed in HTLV high-risk population from São Paulo, Brazil, needs the use of two EIA kits of different formats and compounds as screening, and because of high seroindeterminate WB, may be another confirmatory assay.


Problemas nos testes diagnósticos de infecção pelos vírus linfotrópicos de células T humanas (HTLV), principalmente HTLV-II, têm sido observados em pacientes com HIV/Aids. Desde Dezembro de 1998, a Seção de Imunologia do Instituto Adolfo Lutz (IAL) oferece a sorologia para HTLV-I/II para Serviços de Saúde Pública que atendem populações consideradas de risco para esta infecção. Duas mil trezentas e doze amostras de soro: 1.393 de Centros de Referência em Aids (Grupo I) e 919 de Clínicas de Especialidade em HTLV (Grupo II) foram encaminhadas para o IAL para a pesquisa de anticorpos anti-HTLV-I/II. A maioria delas foram testadas por dois ensaios imunoenzimáticos (EIAs) e confirmadas por Western Blot (WB 2.4, Genelabs). Sete kits diferentes de EIAs foram empregados durante o período e de acordo com os resultados do WB a melhor performance foi obtida com os EIAs que continham lisado viral dos HTLV-I e -II e a rgp21 como antígenos. Nenhum kit de EIA de 1ª, 2ª ou 3ª geração foi 100 por cento sensível para detectar todas as amostras verdadeiramente HTLV-I/II reagentes. A prevalência de HTLV-I e HTLV-II, respectivamente, foi de 3,3 por cento e 2,5 por cento no Grupo I e de 9,6 por cento e 3,6 por cento no Grupo II. Em ambos os Grupos, foram detectadas altas percentagens de soros com padrão indeterminado no WB. O algoritmo de testes sorológicos para ser usado em população de alto risco para HTLV de São Paulo, Brasil, necessita de dois kits EIAs de princípios e composição diferentes para a triagem sorológica e, pelo elevado número de WB indeterminado, talvez de um outro teste confirmatório.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , HTLV-I Infections/diagnosis , HTLV-II Infections/diagnosis , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/immunology , /immunology , Immunoenzyme Techniques , Brazil/epidemiology , HIV Infections/complications , HTLV-I Antibodies/blood , HTLV-I Infections/complications , HTLV-I Infections/epidemiology , HTLV-II Antibodies/blood , HTLV-II Infections/complications , HTLV-II Infections/epidemiology , Prevalence , Reagent Kits, Diagnostic , Sensitivity and Specificity
4.
Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz ; 66(1): 68-72, jan.-abr. 2007. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP, SESSP-CTDPROD, SES-SP, SESSP-IALPROD, SES-SP | ID: lil-497803

ABSTRACT

O presente trabalho objetivou a otimização e a avaliação da coleta de sangue em papel de filtro para ser usada em levantamentos soroepidemiológicos de infecção por herpes vírus humano 8 (HHV-8). Foram utilizados os ensaios de imunofluorescência indireta (IFI) LANA e Lítico para a pesquisa de anticorposanti-HHV-8 em amostras de sangue colhidas em membrana Schleicher Schuell de 28 pacientes com sarcomade Kaposi (SK)/AIDS e 10 indivíduos sadios sem SK, dos quais os soros haviam sido anteriormente usados na padronização destas técnicas. Lâminas contendo células da linhagem BCBL-1 estimuladas ou não com éster de forbol, e luatos de sangue e conjugado anti-imunoglobulina humana marcado com fluor esceína foram empregados nas reações sorológicas e, as reações e os critérios de positividade seguiram os previamente estabelecidos na Seção de Imunologia do Instituto Adolfo Lutz. Foi detectada fluorescência verde-amarelada na maioria das células nas diluições 1:50 e 1:100. Isto dificultou a leitura da IFI-Lítico, principalmente em diluições baixas, mas não interferiu na IFI-LANA cujo padrão pontilhado no núcleo coexistiu com a fluorescência de membrana. À medida que se seguiram as diluições, houve desaparecimento da inespecificidade e a leitura prosseguiu normalmente. Houve concordância de resultados positivos e negativos, com diferenças mínimas nos títulos de anticorpos. Os resultados obtidos viabilizam a coleta de sangue em papel para estudos epidemiológicos de infecção por HHV-8.


Subject(s)
Serology , Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect
5.
São Paulo; s.n; 2005. 146 p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-430383

ABSTRACT

Desde a descoberta do herpes vírus humano tipo 8 (HHV-8) como o agente etiológico do sarcoma de Kaposi (SK) nas suas diferentes formas clínico-epidemiológicas, vários estudos vêm sendo conduzidos com o intuito de determinar as vias de transmissão desse vírus em populações endêmicas e de risco epidemiológico. Em regiões endêmicas, a transmissão viral foi relacionada à transmissão horizontal de mães para filhos e entre irmãos e a sexual principalmente, nos casos de SK/aids. Com o objetivo de determinar segmentos do genoma viral em fluídos biológicos e consequentemente seu potencial infectante foi conduzido o presente trabalho. Foram avaliados quanto à presença de segmentos localizados em posições estratégicas do genoma do HHV-8 em sangue, saliva e urina...


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Epidemiologic Studies , Genome, Viral , Herpesvirus 8, Human , Sarcoma, Kaposi , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology , Biopsy , Blood Specimen Collection , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Water Quality
6.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 7(6): 395-401, dez. 2003. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-357651

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: With the spread of AIDS, many HIV-infected women have been diagnosed with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), especially in Africa. Since the discovery of a novel herpesvirus as the causative agent of KS (human herpesvirus 8 - HHV-8) several seroepidemiological studies have been conducted to identify groups at risk for KS. The risk for women in Brazil has not been studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched for HHV-8 antibodies in sera obtained from a bank made up of samples from 3 groups of individuals: Group I: 163 HIV-1-infected women attended at an ambulatory clinic in 1994; Group II: 108 children born to HIV-1-infected mothers from 1990 to 1992, their antibodies reflected maternal infection, and Group III: 630 HIV-1-seronegative, healthy women. In-house immunofluorescence and Western-Blot assays based on the BCBL-1 cell line were used to detect anti-latent and anti-lytic HHV-8 antibodies. RESULTS: Group I had an overall frequency of antibodies of 8.6 percent, with a 1.2 percent frequency of anti-latent antibodies and an 8.0 percent frequency of anti-lytic antibodies. Similar results were detected in Group II, i.e., no cases with anti-latent antibodies and a 7.4 percent frequency of anti-lytic antibodies. In contrast, prevalences of 1.1 percent anti-latent antibodies and 0.3 percent anti-lytic antibodies were observed in Group III. CONCLUSIONS: The epidemiologic pattern of HHV-8 in women from São Paulo varies according to behavioral factors, with emphasis on the sexual and blood routes of virus transmission/acquisition. Although HHV-8 anti-lytic antibodies were found in HIV-1-infected women, no case of KS was detected. Protective factors against KS are probably related to gender and/or to antiretroviral therapies introduced in Brazil since 1994.


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Antibodies, Viral , Herpesvirus 8, Human , Sarcoma, Kaposi , Blotting, Western , Brazil , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , HIV Infections , HIV-1 , Risk Factors , Sarcoma, Kaposi , Seroepidemiologic Studies
7.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 3(5): 184-8, Oct. 1999. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-254763

ABSTRACT

Rhodococcus equi (formerly Corynebacterium equi) are known to be highly virulent, intermediate in virulence, or avirulent correlated with specific virulence-associated antigens identified immunochemically by different molecular weights. The association of virulence antigens with infection of AIDS patients by this organism has not been sufficiently evaluated in Brazil or Italy. The objective of the present study was to search for virulence-associated antigens of 15-to 17kD and 20-kD in Rhodococcus equi strains isolated from patients with rhodococcal infection and AIDS. Four Brazilian and 9 Italian strains were studied. All isolates were analyzed by gel electrophoresis followed by immunoblotting using specific monoclonal antibodies to identify virulence-associated antigens. The results obtained on gel electrophoresis analyses showed complexing of R. equi components with proteins of molecular weights ranging from 10-to 150-kD. By immunoblotting, a wide diversity in R. equi virulence-associated antigens was detected: 1 of the 4 Brazilian isolates and 2 Italian isolates had the 15-to 17-kD virulence-associated antigen, 3 Brazilian isolates and 1 Italian isolate had the 20-kD virulence-associated antigen, and the other Italian isolates had no virulence-associated antigens. These results indicate that the pathogenicity of R. equi trains for humans does not depend only on the presence of these well established virulence-associated antigens.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Antigens, Viral/isolation & purification , Actinomycetales Infections/virology , Rhodococcus equi/immunology , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/virology , Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional , Immunoblotting , Virulence
8.
Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz ; 50(1/2): 261-7, 1990. ilus
Article in English | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: lil-100210

ABSTRACT

This article describes studies of two unrelated patients, aged near 2 years, with leukocyte granulation abnormalities similar to those presented in the Chediak-Higashi Syndrome(CHS). Both patients showed dermatologic manifestations characterized by hypopigmentation of the hair and skin. The cytological and cytochemical study of the peripheral blood leukocytes demonstrated giant abnormal granules with lisosomal content presentd in neutrophils, eosinophils and monocytes. The mononuclear cells displayed one large azurophil granule. The cytochemical functional study of neutrophils showed normal nitroblue-tetrazolium reduction test. The immunological status of the patients were made and in patient 1 was detected a low number of T helper lymphocytes and a maintenance of lymphocytes in continuous cell culture for five weeks without addition of external growth factor. These findings with clinical manifestations permited to establish the CHS, in these cases.


Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Cell Biology , Allergy and Immunology , Histocytochemistry , Chediak-Higashi Syndrome
9.
Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz ; 50(1/2): 285-90, 1990. tab
Article in English | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: lil-100214

ABSTRACT

The present study investigates the number of immunoregulatory cells in 55 patients suspected of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrone(AIDS) associated with cytomegalovirus(CMV) infection. Patients were divided into three groups: RISK(13 cases), LAS/ARC(21 cases) and AIDS(21 cases) according to epidemiological and clinical findings and using CDC criteria. The CMV infection was suggested based on clinical and serological evaluations. No significant difference in CMV seropositivity was observed among the groups (66,7% to 77,0%), althougha diminished number of cases 3 (14,3%) with CMV-IgM antibody was detected in AIDS group. Phenotypic analysis of leukocytes, lymphocytes and lymphocyte subsets was realized. The results obtained were similar between CMV-seropositive and CMV-seronegative patients in each group studied. On the other hand, the number of T lymphocytes and T helper/inducer lymphocytes were markedly diminished in the LAS/ARC and AIDS groups. The number of T suppressor/cytotoxic lymphocytes was increased in all groups analysed. These alterations in T lymphocyte subsets are responsible for the reversal ratio observed in these patients.


Subject(s)
AIDS-Related Complex , Cytomegalovirus , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
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