ABSTRACT
Effect of chronic treatment with hydralazine (40 mg/kg/day) on isolated heart, anococcygeus muscle and myometrial preparations from rats has been studied. The treatment for 6 weeks caused a significant increase in isoprenaline induced positive inotropic response in rat heart. However, isoprenaline induced positive chronotropic effects were not altered significantly by chronic hydralazine treatment. Chronic hydralazine treatment also failed to alter noradrenaline induced contractile effects on rat anococcygeus muscle. However, on myometrial preparations from hydralazine treated rats showed an increase in adrenaline induced relaxations. The results of the present study can be explained on the basis of the effect of hydralazine on adenylate cyclase-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP).
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Hydralazine/pharmacology , Male , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Effectiveness of enalapril was studied in hypertensive patients with or without diabetes-mellitus. All the patients received enalapril, 5-20 mg per day for 9 months. Enalapril effectively controlled the blood pressure and favourably altered the lipid levels and did not affect the glucose level in diabetics as well as non-diabetics. Enalapril may be considered as a better therapeutic option for the treatment of hypertension associated with diabetes mellitus.
Subject(s)
Aged , Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/adverse effects , Antihypertensive Agents/adverse effects , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Diabetes Complications , Diabetes Mellitus/blood , Enalapril/adverse effects , Female , Humans , Hypertension/blood , Lipids/blood , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
A controlled clinical trial on 65 patients was performed to compare the effects of nifedipine and atenolol in diabetic and non-diabetic hypertensive patients. Patients were from 45 to 70 years in age. The diabetic hypertensive patients and non-diabetic essential hypertensive patients randomly received atenolol (50-100 mg per day) or nifedipine (10-20 mg per day) for 9 months. Both the drugs effectively controlled the blood pressure throughout the therapy. Atenolol treatment significantly increased triglyceride levels and decreased the HDL-cholesterol levels after 9 months in both groups. However, nifedipine therapy did not alter lipid levels to any significant extent. Both drugs did not alter blood glucose, serum creatinine and blood urea levels. It may be concluded from the present study that nifedipine is preferable to atenolol as it does not alter lipid profile to any significant extent in diabetic and non-diabetic hypertensive patients.
Subject(s)
Aged , Antihypertensive Agents/adverse effects , Atenolol/adverse effects , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Blood Urea Nitrogen , Creatinine/blood , Diabetes Complications , Diabetes Mellitus/blood , Female , Humans , Hypertension/blood , Life Style , Lipids/blood , Male , Middle Aged , Nifedipine/adverse effectsABSTRACT
The present investigation was undertaken to study the interaction of fluoxetine with 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and noradrenaline (NA) in rat anococcygeus muscle and vas-deferens. In rat anococcygeus muscle responses to NA were significantly potentiated after 30 min and 60 min incubation with fluoxetine (2.9 x 10(-9) M). The responses to 5-HT were however, inhibited after 30 min incubation with fluoxetine in this preparation. On rat vas-deferens also, the responses to NA were potentiated after 30 min incubation with fluoxetine. The response to 5-HT were not altered significantly. In rats pretreated with fluoxetine (5 mg/kg, ip) for seven days, the responses to NA were significantly potentiated in rat anococcygeus muscle. Whereas the responses to 5-HT and tyramine were significantly inhibited. The inhibited responses to 5-HT restored back to normal when the anococcygeus muscle was pre-incubated with NA for 30 min.