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Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive, degenera?ve disease that leads to joint pain, tenderness, s?ffness, locking, effusion, reduced mo?on, swelling, crepitus, and disability. The pain in OA is the most significant clinical feature and impacts func?on, mobility, quality of life, and the reason for medical advice. Methods: Fi?y individuals with primary knee OA in the age range of 45–90 years were chosen at random for the research (N=50). The American College of Rheumatology’s diagnos?c criteria were employed to diagnose osteoarthri?s, and a visual analogue scale was u?lized to score the severity of pain. Knee OA was graded using the Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) radiographic assessment method. The an?oxidant levels of superoxide dismutase in the synovial fluid were measured by using a spectrophotometric assay. Results: Grades 1, 2, 3, and 4 have SOD ac?vity values of 1.43±0.55, 1.44±0.72, 0.92±0.52, and 0.87 ±0.52 U/ml, respec?vely, in synovial fluid. Synovial fluid SOD ac?vity was higher in grades 1 & 2 of KOA as compared to grades 3 &4 and the difference was sta?s?cally significant (p<0.05). Conclusions: There was a link between K-L grade and synovial an?oxidant ac?vity level. In the late stages of knee osteoarthri?s, the an?oxidant enzyme (SOD) ac?vity was reduced.According to the results of this study, regular an?oxidant supplementa?on to early osteoarthri?s pa?ents may delay disease progression by improving the an?oxidant status of the knee, which neutralises free radicals and thus prevents car?lage damage.
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Malignant melanoma is the second most common vulvar malignancy which occurs in elderly females. In advanced stages of the disease, distant metastases can occur to any organ; hence, comprehensive radiological evaluation is necessary. We report a case of a 45-year-old female who presented with progressively increasing growth over the vulva for 6 months. On detailed clinical, pathological, and radiological workup, multiple metastases were found in the brain, liver, pancreas, peritoneum, lungs, and pleura. The final diagnosis of vulvar melanoma with multisystemic metastases was made after the histopathological examination
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Pain has always been a distressing feeling or the unpleasant sensory and emotional experience. A pain free life is longing of everyone and this is the biggest challenge for the medical science practitioners nowadays as how to provide efficient pain management. In modern medicine we have variety of pain-relieving medications that works brilliantly for short period of time and when used for longer duration they come up with various side effects. So there is a need to find a way to relieve pain without much suffering to the patient and Agnikarma is one of the sound ways to do so. It is therapeutic burning with special tools on specific sites according to the disease. It is a parasurgical procedure that is utilized as curative procedure, or as postoperative procedure or in hemostatic manner. Agnikarma is derived from Ayurveda, a renowned Indian system of medicine, which is procedure used generally for the management of pain and also for curing various disorders. In Ayurveda Vata Dosha is responsible mainly for various types of Ruja or pain in the body and Agnikarma is one of the best method to pacifying Vata and Kapha Dosha and hence relieves pain. Acharya Sushruta, a renowned Vedic Indian surgeon has very well explained the eminence of Agnikarma by saying that the recurrence of disease will not be there if once they are treated with Agnikarma. He in his text mentioned various Dravyas according to the diseases through which Agnikarma can be performed. Also several Dahanaupkarana are mentioned in the classics that provide practitioner abundant methods to perform Agnikarma without much limitations
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Purpose: To compare the clinical outcomes of endonucleation chop (EC) versus conventional crater (CC) chop techniques in phacoemulsification of hard nuclear cataracts. Methods: In this Prospective, longitudinal, randomized controlled study with double?blinding. Hundred consecutive eyes with uncomplicated cataracts (nucleus grades 3 and 4) were equally divided into Group A (EC) and Group B (CC). Intraoperative effective phacoemulsification time (EPT) and balanced salt solution (BSS) volume used was noted. Postoperative central corneal thickness (CCT), endothelial cell density (ECD), uncorrected Visual Acuity (UCVA), best?corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and IOP were recorded at days 1, 7, 30, and 90 postoperatively. The Chi?square test (categorical data), Mann–Whitney U test, and t?tests for other parameters were done. Results: The mean EPT in Groups A and B were 6.6 and 14.25 s, respectively (P < 0.001). The BSS volume used was 105.9 and 221.7 mL, respectively (P < 0.001). At 3 months, the ECD loss was 4.35 and 8.6%, respectively (P = 0.025). The?first day CCT was significantly increased in Group B but was the same in both groups at 3 months. A significant improvement in BCVA was noted in both groups. This new technique significantly reduces EPT, the BSS used, and ECD loss. Conclusion: Compared with the CC chop technique, the EC technique for phacoemulsification of hard nuclear cataracts conserved phacoemulsification energy and minimized exposure to the intraocular irrigating solution, provided a significant reduction in corneal endothelial damage, and led to faster visual rehabilitation
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Purpose: A study of the association between vitamin D deficiency and dry eye syndrome (DES) in the Indian population. Methods: This was a cross?sectional, hospital?based observational study. Sixty patients diagnosed with vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/dl) who met the inclusion criteria were sent to the Eye OPD from the Endocrinology OPD (case) were compared to 60 subjects with normal vitamin D levels (?20 ng/dl) who attended the Eye OPD (controls). The examination of the tear film was done using Whatman filter paper in Schirmer test I and Schirmer test I (with anesthesia). The tear film break?up time (TFBUT) was determined by slit?lamp examination using the fluorescein stain, and scoring using the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) was done. Results: A significant difference in the mean values of Schirmer I and Schirmer I test (with anesthesia) (P < 0.001) was seen between the case and control groups. A significant difference in the mean values of TFBUT (P < 0.001) and OSDI scores (P < 0.01) was also seen between the two groups. Conclusion: A positive association was found between vitamin D deficiency and dry eye on comparing the above parameters.
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Background: To compare two protocols comprising of FSH/CC/HMG and CC/HMG for ovulation induction and IUI in women with infertility.Methods: 60 women with unexplained infertility were randomized using sequentially numbered opaque envelope method. Group A received inj FSH 150 units on day 2 of menstrual cycle and clomiphene citrate 100 mg from day 3-7, followed by injection HMG 150 units on day 9 of menstrual cycle. Group B received clomiphene citrate 100 mg from day 3-7, and HMG 150 units on day 7 and 9 of the menstrual cycle. Ovulation triggered with hCG 5000 units when dominant follicle was 18mm. Single IUI was done 36-42 hours afterwards.Results: Pregnancy occurred in 3 out of 30 women in 116 cycles Group A (with FSH) with a pregnancy rate of 10 percent, and 2.8% per cycle. In group B (without FSH) pregnancy occurred in 3 out of 30 women in 117 cycles with pregnancy rate of 10 percent, and 2.6% per cycle. The number of follicles per cycle was 1.36 and follicle size was 18.57 mm in group A. While in Group B numbers of follicles per cycle were 1.22, with average size of 18.9mm. Mean endometrial thickness was 7.7mm in Group A and 6.37 in Group B (p=.01, significant). Mild OHSS was observed in one woman in Group B. No other side effects were observed in both the groups.Conclusions: The controlled ovarian stimulation regimes used in this study are equally effective, easy to administer, require less intensive monitoring and fewer medications, with little risk of OHSS and multiple gestation.
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Purpose: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease with genetic profiling being the primary prognostic factor. The objective of this study was to examine if routinely acquired parameters may be used to improve the prognosis of AML prognosis. Methods: Karyotyping was performed using bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells of 244 de novo diagnosed AML patients and age, sex, total leukocyte count (TLC), platelet count and hemoglobin (Hb) levels at initial presentation were recorded. The patients were given standard treatment and overall survival (OS) for 1 year and 5 years were recorded. Results: As expected, patients with aberrant karyotype status had poor overall survival. Aneuploidy was strongly associated with poor patient survival; while patients presented with hyperploidy had significantly lower OS at both 1 year and 5 years of time points; hypoploidy was correlated only with poor 1 year OS. Interestingly, 146 patients with Hb levels ≤ 8 g/dl had significantly lower 1 year and 5 years OS compared to 95 patients with Hb levels ≥ 8 g/dl. Combining karyotype status or Hb levels with other parameters did not improve patient prognosis. Conclusion: In summary, our results show that in addition to karyotype status, Hb level is an independent prognostic marker that should also be considered for early identification of patients that may benefit from alternative therapies.
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Background: The MRI in Multiple sclerosis(MS) reveals focal white matter lesions which can show dissemination in space or in time. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the incidence and distribution of the white matter lesions on MRI.Methods: In this retrospective observational study MRI findings of all cases of MS diagnosed on the basis of McDonald criteria were studied.Results: The white matter lesions were most commonly seen in Periventricular region 43(66.2%) cases, followed by Centrum semiovale36 (55.4%). Subcortical and Juxtacortical lesions were seen in 12 (18.4%) and 20 (30.7%) cases respectively. Optic nerve involvement was seen in 4(6.1%) cases. The spinal cord was affected in 30 (46.1%) cases. Black holes were seen in only 3 (4.6%) cases and contrast enhancement in the lesions was seen in 30 (46.1%) cases.Conclusion: By mapping out the distribution and incidence of lesions in MS on MRI this study will help in correctly identifying demyelinating lesions which can b confused with other hyperintense lesions on T2Wimaging.
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We carried out content analysis of four batches each of 3commercially available probiotic formulations of Bacillus clausii.Species identification was done using MALDI-TOF-MS techniquewhile bacterial count was done using plate colony count. Only oneof the three probiotic formulation analyzed was found to havehomogeneous population of B. clausii while none was found tohave the exact viable bacterial count as suggested on the label.
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Ludwig’s angina is an aggressive, rapidly spreading cellulitis of the floor of mouth and neck. It is less frequently seen in children as compared to adults. Successful management of Ludwig’s angina requires proper understanding of the anatomy, appropriate antibiotic therapy and surgical drainage whenever needed. Airway management is of prime concern and should be done with prior planning and cooperation of surgeon and anaesthesiologist. We hereby describe the successful management of Ludwig’s angina in a 3 year old child.
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Abstract Sweet or bell pepper is a member of the Solanaceae family and is regarded as one of the most popular and nutritious vegetable. Blight, in the form of leaf and fruit blight, has been observed to infect bell pepper crops cultivated at the horticulture farm in Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur, India. Based on disease severity, we attempted to curb this newly emerged problem using different fungicides, plant extracts, bio-control agents, and commercial botanicals against the fungus in laboratory and pot experiments. Bio-control agent Trichoderma viride and plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) isolate Neist-2 were found to be quite effective against bell pepper blight. All evaluated fungicides, botanicals, commercial botanicals, and bio-control agents in vitro were further studied as seed dressers and two foliar sprays at ten days interval in pot experiments. The combinations of Vitavax, PGPR isolate Neist-2, and Mehandi extract were found to be very effective against bell pepper blight followed by Vitavax, T. viride, and Mehandi extract used individually. All treatments in the pot experiments were found to significantly reduce seedling mortality and enhance plant biomass of bell pepper. Thus, these experimental findings suggest that a better integrated management of bell pepper blight could be achieved by conducting field trials in major bell pepper- and chilli-cultivated areas of the state. Besides fungicides, different botanicals and commercial botanicals also seem to be promising treatment options. Therefore, the outcome of the present study provides an alternate option of fungicide use in minimizing loss caused by Drechslera bicolor.
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Plant Diseases/microbiology , Ascomycota , Capsicum/microbiology , Ascomycota/drug effects , Capsicum/chemistry , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Seedlings/drug effects , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Antifungal Agents/chemistryABSTRACT
Phytochemicals presents in plants probably explain the various uses of plants for traditional medicine. In this study Kigelia Africana fruit was selected for assessing the level of various Phytochemicals, enzymatic and non- enzymatic antioxidants & antimicrobial activity. Fruits of the plant taken, dried, grind to powder and then aqueous and ethanolic extracts were prepared. Antimicrobial activity of these extracts was then studied using agar well plate method. Results of the study showed that aqueous extract of Kigelia Africana have significant amount of phytochemicals & antioxidant enzymes so useful to prevent chronic diseases related to oxidative stress in human body. Antimicrobial activity of aqueous extract was more than the ethanolic extract.
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Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) are rare tumors arising from Interstitial Cells of Cajal and require immunohistochemical marker c-kit (CD 117) for diagnosis. Imatinib Mesylate is an orally administered drug which competitively inhibits tyrosine kinase associated with the KIT protein. We present a rare case report highlighting role of Imatinib Mesylate in achieving euglycemic state in patient with GIST. Imatinib Mesylate is an effective form of treatment for patients with KIT (CD 117) positive unresectable and/ or metastatic malignant GIST. Proper patient selection and adequate treatment may help in achieving euglycemic state in patient with GIST.
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Bezoar is an agglomeration of food or foreign material in intestinal tract. Contiguous extension of trichobezoar into the small bowel can lead to the Rapunzel syndrome. We present rare case of Rapunzel syndrome in 16 year old female who presented with recurrent vomiting.
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Solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas is a rare neoplasm usually seen in young females and is usually misdiagnosed as pancreatic pseudocyst. Awareness of clinical, microscopic and macroscopic features alongwith sufficient sampling of tumor is necessary for correct diagnosis of SPPT. We present three rare cases of SPPT of the pancreas.
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The field experiments were conducted on sandy loam soil at New Delhi, during 2007 and 2008 to investigate the effect of conservation tillage, irrigation regimes (sub-optimal, optimal and supra-optimal water regimes), and integrated nutrient management (INM) practices on soil biological parameters in wheat cultivation. The conservation tillage soils has shown significant (p<0.05) increase in soil respiration (81.1 percent), soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) (104 percent) and soil dehydrogenase (DH) (59.2 percent) compared to the conventional tillage soil. Optimum water supply (3-irrigations) enhanced soil respiration over sub-optimum and supra-optimum irrigations by 13.32 percent and 79 percent respectively. Soil dehydrogenase (DH) activity in optimum water regime has also increased by 23.33 percent and 8.18 percent respectively over the other two irrigation regimes. Similarly, SMBC has also increased by 12.14 percent and 27.17 percent respectively in soil with optimum water supply compared to that of sub-optimum and supra-optimum water regime fields. The maximum increase in soil microbial activities is found when sole organic source (50 percent Farm Yard Manure+25 percent biofertilizer+25 percent Green Manure) has been used in combination with the conservation tillage and the optimum water supply. Study demonstrated that microbial activity could be regulated by tillage, water and nitrogen management in the soil in a sustainable manner.
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Background: Photodermatitis is an abnormal response to ultraviolet radiation (UVR). The photoallergic contact dermatitis caused by plant allergens is a serious cause of morbidity in India. Airborne contact dermatitis is the classical presentation of plant-induced dermatosis, which may become difficult to differentiate from chronic actinic dermatitis in chronic cases. The rapid growth of parthenium weed in India and its ill effects on the population make it important to detect all cases of parthenium sensitivity, which in some cases might simulate photodermatitis. Aims: This study aims to detect the occurrence of plant sensitivity and photosensitivity in idiopathic-acquired photodermatoses, airborne contact dermatitis and general population taken as controls. Methods: One hundred and fifty six consecutive patients suffering from polymorphic light eruption (PMLE), chronic actinic dermatitis (CAD) and airborne contact dermatitis (ABCD) were enrolled in the study over a period of three years (June 2004 to May 2007). An equal number of age and sex matched healthy subjects were enrolled in the study as controls. All the patients were subjected to detailed history taking, clinical examination and histopathological examination for diagnosis. Patch and photopatch testing were perfomed in all the patients and healthy controls for detection of allergic and photoallergic reactions to parthenium, xanthium and chrysanthemum plant antigens and control antigens. Results: Out of 156 patients enrolled in the study, 78 (50%) had CAD, 67 (42.9%) had PMLE and 11 (7.05%) had ABCD. The occurrence of parthenium/xanthium allergy and photoallergy, either to parthenium or both was most commonly found in ABCD (72.7%), followed by CAD (32%). In PMLE 4.5% cases showed photoallergy. Only 1.9% in the control group showed sensitivity to parthenium and xanthium. Conclusion: This study indicates that parthenium (and possibly xanthium) may act as important environmental factors in the initiation and perpetuation of not only ABCD but of CAD as well. Photoexacerbation to UVA at positive parthenium/xanthium sensitivity sites in ABCD and CAD indicates that ABCD with photosensitivity to compositae can lead to CAD.
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PURPOSE: To compare the results of small incision trabeculectomy avoiding Tenon's capsule (SIT) vis-à-vis intraoperative use of Mitomycin-C (MMC) in primary chronic angle closure glaucoma. METHODS: A controlled prospective study was conducted on 60 consecutive primary chronic angle closure glaucoma patients requiring glaucoma filtration surgery. Patients were divided into two groups, Group I (n = 30): those undergoing SIT and Group II (n = 30): those undergoing trabeculectomy with MMC. Patients were followed up serially for 24 months and their intraocular pressure (IOP) was monitored. Success was defined as IOP < or = 22 mm Hg with no additional anti-glaucoma medication or laser/surgical intervention. Success was also defined as a 30% reduction from the initial IOP at which optic disc cupping and/or visual field changes occurred. RESULTS: The final mean IOP with SIT was 16.80 +/- 4.20 mm Hg as against 17.84 +/- 3.80 mm Hg with trabeculectomy with MMC. Final success rate of 93.3% was obtained with SIT versus 90% with trabeculectomy with MMC. No major complications were seen with either procedure. CONCLUSION: Small incision trabeculectomy safely and effectively reduces the IOP in over 90% cases. The advantages of this procedure over trabeculectomy with MMC are its low cost, use of a small (2.5 mm) limbal incision which obviates the dissection of Tenon's capsule and absence of any major complication.
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Adult , Aged , Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/administration & dosage , Combined Modality Therapy , Female , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/drug therapy , Humans , Intraocular Pressure , Male , Middle Aged , Mitomycin/administration & dosage , Prospective Studies , Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures , Trabeculectomy/methods , Treatment Outcome , Visual AcuityABSTRACT
Cervix cancer continues to be a common malignancy in Indian women in the absence of routine cervix examination. Most cases come to light as referrals of advanced gynecologic complaints. It was proposed to look for micronuclei in bladder cells (as a non-invasive method) of such women subsequently diagnosed with cervix cancer. Urine samples of just diagnosed cancer patients (n=25; 21-80 yrs) and of controls (with other gynecological problems; n=25; 21-70 yrs) were processed for the micronucleus test using standard protocols. Significantly elevated frequency of cells with micronuclei was observed in 72% of the patients as compared to that among controls (16.7%). Percent frequencies of micronucleated cells were highest in patients in stage III; in older patients; in those with younger ages-at-marriage; who had highest number of pregnancies; and were of low socio-economic status. The test in urothelial cells indicates damage in a tissue, which is not the site where cervix cancer develops. As it utilizes a non-invasive procedure of sampling, if validated it may find use in mass screening of cervix cancer.
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We report a case of anterior chamber Cysticercus cellulosae that was removed by viscoexpression.