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Purpose@#Effective predictors of the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) are still insufficient. This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of serum lipid profiles for the response to NAC in breast cancer patients. @*Methods@#A total of 533 breast cancer patients who had received NAC were retrospectively studied. The pretreatment of serum lipids, including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and lipoprotein-α, and clinicopathological characteristics were collected to assess their predictive roles. @*Results@#Breast cancer patients had significantly lower TC, TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C levels than normal individuals. Among these indicators, TG and LDL-C levels and HDL-C level increased and decreased significantly after NAC, respectively. In estrogen receptor (ER)-positive patients, increased LDL-C level was associated with better outcomes. Moreover, the receiver operating characteristic curve analyses suggested that TG and HDL-C levels at diagnosis can be used as predictors of the response to NAC only in the ER-positive subgroup.According to univariate analyses, patients with low TG level (< 1.155 mmol/L) or high HDL-C level (≥ 1.305 mmol/L) in the ER-positive subgroup had more favorable clinical responses than the other patients in the subgroup. Furthermore, according to multivariate analyses, a high HDL-C level (≥ 1.305 mmol/L, p = 0.007) was an independent predictor of NAC efficacy. @*Conclusion@#High HDL-C level (≥ 1.305 mmol/L) before NAC and increased LDL-C level after NAC were associated with the better treatment response in ER-positive breast cancer patients.These results are potentially considered beneficial in establishing treatment decisions.
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Objective To find the expression level and the role of ENST00000460164 in luminal A breast cancer.Methods The expression level of ENST00000460164 in breast cancer tissues was detected by RT-qPCR.pll3.7-ENST00000460164-shRNA and empty vector,pll3.7,were transfected into MCF-7 cells.Cell cycle was measured by flow cytometry.Western blot was used to detect the expression of P16INK4A and cyclinD1.Results ENST00000460164 was highly expressed in luminal A breast cancer tissues as compared to the adjacent non-cancer tissues.The knockdown of ENST00000460164 resulted in the G1 cell-cycle arrested,cyclin D1 downregulated and P16INK4A upregulated in MCF-7 cells.Conclusions ENST00000460164 is overexpressed in luminal A breast cancer.ENST00000460164 may control G1/S transition by regulating P16INK4A or cyclin D1 expression.
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PURPOSE: Metformin may be associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer. We performed a meta-analysis to assess the effect of metformin intake on breast cancer risk and mortality. METHODS: We performed a PubMed and EMbase search for all available studies that described the risk of breast cancer and all-cause mortality in relation to the use of metformin among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pooled relative risks (RRs) were determined using a random effects model to assess the strength of association between metformin and the risk of breast cancer. RESULTS: Fifteen articles from PubMed satisfied the inclusion criteria, including a total of 838,333 participants. Compared with the control group, metformin use was not related to a reduced incidence of breast cancer (RR, 0.964; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.761-1.221; p=0.761). However, metformin therapy was associated with decreased all-cause mortality (RR, 0.652; 95% CI, 0.488-0.873; p=0.004). No obvious publication bias was detected (incidence: p(Begg)=0.755, p(Egger)=0.008; mortality: p(Begg)=0.072, p(Egger)=0.185). CONCLUSION: The present study suggested that metformin therapy may decrease the all-cause mortality of patients affected by breast cancer. However, this finding should be considered carefully and confirmed with further studies.
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Humans , Breast Neoplasms , Breast , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Incidence , Metformin , Mortality , Publication Bias , Risk AssessmentABSTRACT
Objective:To determine the status of glucose intolerance in breast cancer patients without DM history after combined treatment with surgery and/or chemotherapy through an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Methods:All 121 breast cancer patients more than 3 months after combined treatments with surgery and/or chemotherapy and without the diagnosis of diabetes underwent OGTT and fasting. Then, 2 h glucose levels were measured to identify glucose tolerance and diabetes. Meanwhile, six patients with a history of diagnosed diabetes did not undergo OGTT. Results:The median ages of all breast cancer patients and the mean duration after combined treatments with surgery and/or chemotherapy were 50.4 years and 19 months, respectively. Among the 121 breast cancer pa-tients without the history of diabetes, the incidences of diabetes, prediabetes, and normal glucose intolerance were 19.8%(24 cases), 45.5%(55 cases) and 34.7%(42 cases), respectively. Among all breast cancer patients, the incidences of previously diagnosed diabetes, undiagnosed diabetes, and prediabetes were 4.72%, 18.9%, and 43.3%, respectively. The ratio of previously undiagnosed diabetes was about 80%. About 80.0% of undiagnosed diabetes and 74.5% of prediabetes met the criteria for elevated 2 h plasma glucose levels through OGTT instead of elevated fasting glucose levels. Conclusion: Breast cancer patients during follow-up after combined treat-ments with surgery and/or chemotherapy highly suffer from glucose intolerance, with high incidences of undiagnosed diabetes and pre-diabetes. OGTT should be made for breast cancer patients after combined treatments for early diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of di-abetes.
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Vascular cognitive impairment refers to all cognitive impairment syndromes associated with vascular diseases,including severe cognitive impairment from mild cognitive impairment to vascular dementia.Citicoline is a necessary intermediate of the phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis,an important component of the neuronal membranes.Experimental studies have shown that citicoline has neuroprotective and neurorepair effects in cerebral ischemia.Clinical studies have shown that citicoline may improve cognitive function in patients with vascular cognitive impairment.
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Objective To investigate the protective effects of Proteasome inhibitor MG132 on ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) after pancreas transplantation in rats,and the possible mechanism.Method Fifteen normal SD rats were allocated into the sham operation group.In the allogenic male SD rats,the model of pancreas transplantation was established.The recipients were divided into another two groups (n =15 each) at random:IRI group and the MG132 pretreatment group.Serum amylase level was determined at 1,3 and 6 h after the operation.Pancreas samples were harvested at the same time for pathological study by light microscopy.The expression of NF-κB P65 protein in the pancreas was detected by using Western blotting.The expression of TNF-α and ICAM-1 in the pancreas was detected by using immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR.Result Tissue damage on IRI group was more severe than in sham operation group.The level of serum amylase,and the expression of P65,TNF-α and ICAM-1 were higher in IRI group than those in sham operation group (P＜0.05).Tissue damage in MG132 pretreatment group was milder than in IRI group.The level of serum amylase,and the expression of P65,TNF-α and ICAM-1 were lower in MG132 pretreatment group than in IRI group (P＜0.05).Conclusion MG132 pretreatment can alleviate the pancreas IRI after pancreas transplantation,probably by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB,and the inhibition effect can down-regulate the expression of TNF-α and ICAM-1.
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Objective To study the occurrence,diagnosis and treatment of uveal metastasis in patients with breast cancer.Methods In 2400 cases of breast cancer patients,2 cases of uveal metastasis admitted from Jan.2007 to Aug.2011 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed to study the occurrence,diagnosis and treatment.Results Both the 2 cases had the symptoms of blurred vision and hypopsia.Fundus examination and funds fluorescein angiography showed that the 2 cases had unilateral choroidal metastasis with the discovery rate of 0.08％.Case 1 was found to have uveal metastasis before breast cancer was confirmed and case 2 was found to have uveal metastasis during the 4th chemotherapy cycle.No other distant metastasis was found in these 2 patients.The eye symptoms improved obviously after chemotherapy.Conclusions In order to get a good therapeutic effect for breast cancer patients with uveal metastasis,we should pay attention to patients' symptoms and signs.Eyes examination should be taken when patients have eye symptoms and signs.
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Objective To investigate the protective effect of heme oxygenase-1 for xeno-heart transplantation and the possible mechanism.Methods Cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP), HO-1 inducer, and zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP), HO-1 inhibitor, were used to intervene donors and recipients on the model of NIH-Wistar cardiac transplants respectively and simultaneously some of recipients were treated with immunesuppressor cyclosporine A (CsA), and control group and CsA treated group were set up respectively. The expression of HO-1 protein, HO-1 mRNA, caspase-3 and STAT-3 in transplanted heart tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR and Western Blot. At the same time, HO-1 enzymatic activity was examined in heart tissue, and the cardiac cell apoptosis was examined by means of TUNEL. The differences among various factors were compared.Results The survival time of cardiac transplants in CoPP group was longer than that in control and ZnPP groups (P
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Objective:To investigate the expression and significance of heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) in delayed cardiac xenograft rejection in NIH-Wistar.Methods:The model of cervical heterotopic heart transplantation in NIH-Wistar was established.The hearts were harvested 1,6,12,24,48 as well as 72 hours before and after transplantion respectively.HO-1mRNA and HO-1 protein were examined by RT-PCR and Western Blot,HO-1 enzymatic activity was examined.The survival time of transplanted heart,in which HO-1 was induced by cobalt protoporphyrin(CoPP),was compared with the control.Results:HO-1 was expressed in transplanted heart.The expression of HO-1mRNA(t=2.5170,P
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Objective:To investigate clinical manifestations,histopathological patterns and effective diagnostic methods for benign neoplasm in small intestine.Methods:The data of 31 pathologically confirmed cases admitted from January 1978 to June 2002 in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively.Results:Main pathological patterns of benign neoplasm were leiomyoma,angioma,adenoma,and neurilemmoma.Thirteen,ten and eight cases were located in jejunum,ileum and duodenum respectively.The common clinical manifestations were abdominal pain,anemia and hemorrhage,and obstructions.The neoplasm was easily confused with other digestive tract diseases.Positive diagnosis rate was lower with routine endoscopy and barium meal.Conclusion:Main pathological patterns of benign neoplasm are leiomyoma,angioma,adenoma,neurilemmoma and its non-specific clinical manifestations will cause misdiagnosis.Diagnostic methods are lacking and small intestinal endoscopy and selectivel angiography of celiac artery can increase diagnosis rate.
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Objective To study the liver injury and effects of aescin on liver in rats with acute pancreatitis. Methods The rats were divided into 3 groups (control group, AP group and aescin group). The serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), hepatic cellular energy charge (EC) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were detected. The pathologic changes in pancreas and liver were also observed. Results The serum levels of ALT and LDH in aescin group were significantly lower than those of the AP group. The EC and ATP levels were significantly higher in aescin group than that of the AP group. Conclusion Introvenous injection of aescin can alleviate the liver injury in rats with acute pancreatitis.
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Objective To explore the mechanism of delayed xenograft rejection(DXR) by dynamic observation of histological and immunohistologic changes in mouse-to-rat cardiac xenografts.Methods A model of mouse-to-rat cardiac heterotopic xenotransplantation in neck was established by cuff technique.NIH mouse hearts not transplanted served as controls(n=4).Some xenograft recipients were killed and cardiac xenografts harvested at end of 3,8,16,24 h(n=4 for each time point) after transplantation.The cardiac hearts(n=16) of some xenograft recipients were not harvested until rejection time to determine their survival time.All heart samples were examined by HE and immunohistochemistry for semi-quantitative determination of antibodies including C3,IgM,IgG,E-selectin and macrophage marker——CD68.Results During the period after transplantation,the degree of rejection of xenografts became more and more serious till ultimate rejection.The mean survival time of the xenografts was(49.3?16.2) h.Immunohistochemical examination showed C3 were not detected in the xenografts at any time during the course of rejection;From 3 h after transplantation,obvious deposition of IgM was found in the grafts and IgG deposition got abundant;E-selectin expression was found as early as 3 h after transplantation and increased gradually;There was progressive infiltration by macrophages in the grafts.Conclusion Mouse-to-rat cardiac xenotransplantation can serve as an animal model of DXR.Endothelial cells activation,IgM and IgG,macrophage infiltration involve in DXR development except C3.
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Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations, histopathological patterns and causes of misdiagnosis of primary malignant tumor in small intestine (PMTSI). Methods The clinical data of 90 cases of PMTSI confirmed by pathology admitted from 1981 to 2002 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Results The main pathological patterns of PMTSI were adenocarcinoma, leiomyosarcoma, lymphoma and malignant neurilemmoma. The common clinical manifestations were abdominal pain, anemia and hemorrhage, jaundice, weight loss and intestinal obstructions. Preoperative diagnosis rate was 22.2%(20/90). It was easily misdiagnosed as other digestive tract diseases and pelvic disorders. Preoperative misdiagnosis rate was 77.8%. Conclusions The main pathological patterns of PMTSI are adenocarcinoma, leiomyosarcoma, lymphoma and malignant neurilemmoma.Its clinical manifestations and diagnostic examination methods are not good enough, which usually leads to misdiagnosis ,so attention must be paid.
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Objective To determine the role of angiogenesis in the prognosis of breast carcinoma and its relationship with p53 expression and ER statue in 59 cases of breast cacinoma. Methods Factor Ⅷ related antigen (FⅧ RA) and p53 were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining,and the microvessel endothelial area (MEA) of tumor microvessels was detected by computer aided image analysis system. Results (1) The expression of MEA significantly increased with tumor size and histologic grade(P
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Objective:To analyze and discuss etiology and diagnosis of small intestinal hemorrhage.Methods:Fifty-four cases, who had small intestinal hemorrhage and had been admitted in our hospital from 1980.1 to 2003.12,were analyzed according to etiology and diagnosis.Results:Small intestinal tumors were found in 35 cases(64.81%),among which most were malignant (68.57%),angiodysplasia in 10 cases (18.52%),Crohn's disease,infective disease and diverticula in 9 cases (16.67%).The positive rates of intraoperative colonoscopy,angiography,radionucleide scanning,endoscopy,intestinal tract X-ray as well as ultrasound were 6/6(100%),4/5(80%),5/6(83.33%),8/37(21.62%),6/24(25.00%) and 10/29(34.48%) respectively.Conclusion:Tumor is the most common cause of small intestinal hemorrhage and angiodysplasia often cause small intestinal massive bleeding.Besides intraoperative colonoscopy,angiography and radionucleide scanning special diagnostic methods.B ultrasound is helpful for diagnosis of small intestinal hemorrhage.