ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the clinical significance of classification and grading of ovarian serous tumors (OST) and the correlation of classification and grading with expressions of p53 and Ki-67 proteins, so as to provide a basis for accurate diagnosis and reasonable treatment of OST.Methods:A total of 100 paraffin-embedded ovarian tissues were collected from Haikou Affiliated Hospital of Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine from January 2012 to November 2017. The classification and grading of OST was based on the World Health Organization (WHO) ovarian tumor tissue classification, the work conference on borderline ovarian tumors which was held in August 2013 in Maryland, United States, and the two-level tissue classification system of the United States MD Anderson Cancer Center. The 100 cases of ovarian tissues included 10 cases of normal ovarian tissues (NOT), 12 cases of ovarian serous cystadenoma (OSA), 18 cases of ovarian serous borderline tumor (OSBT), 22 cases of low-grade serous carcinoma (LGSC), and 38 cases of high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC). The expressions of p53 and Ki-67 proteins in paraffin-embedded tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. The clinical characteristics of patients with different types of OST and their relationships with the expression of p53 protein and Ki-67 positive index were analyzed.Results:Among OSBT, LGSC and HGSC groups, the proportion of patients with onset age > 50 years old [38.9% (7/18), 45.5% (10/22), 73.7% (28/38)], poor differentiation [0 (0/18), 0 (0/22), 100.0% (38/38)], stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ [5.6% (1/18), 27.3% (6/22), 39.5% (15/38)] increased sequentially, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). Among NOT, OSA, OSBT, LGSC and HGSC groups, there were significant differences in the positive rate of p53 protein [20.0% (2/10), 25.0% (3/12), 27.8% (5/18), 31.8% (7/22), 57.9% (22/38)] and Ki-67 positive index [(10.40±0.00)%, (31.49±6.53)%, (42.81±6.84)%, (74.29±6.54)%, (77.04±8.88)%] (all P < 0.05). In the patients with ovarian serous carcinoma (LGSC + HGSC), there was no significant difference in the positive rate of p53 protein and Ki-67 positive index between the onset age ≤ 50 years old and > 50 years old groups (both P > 0.05), but there were significant differences between the patients with different tissue differentiation grade, clinical stage and metastasis (all P < 0.05). There was significant difference in Ki-67 positive index among NOT, OSA, OSBT, LGSC and HGSC patients with positive expression of p53 protein ( P < 0.01). Conclusions:The classification and grading of OST is related to onset age, tissue differentiation and clinical stage, which can be used to guide treatment and judge prognosis. The positive rate of p53 protein and Ki-67 positive index increase with advancing grade of breast lesions, which may be related to the occurrence and development of OST.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the role of PKCι, YAP1 and high-risk HPV infection in the local immune microenvironment of cervical cancer. Methods We chose 80 cases of normal tissue of the cervix (NCT), cervical low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and early cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) each. Four groups were collected.The infection rate of high-risk HPV in four groups was determined by real-time fluorescence PCR method. The expression levels of PKCι, YAP1, CD4 and CD8 in four groups were measured and correlated by IHC and clinicopathologic features were also analyzed. Results The differences of high-risk HPV infection rate and PKCι, YAP1, CD4, CD8 positive rate among groups of NCT, LSIL, HSIL and SCC had statistical significance (P < 0.05). The level of cervical lesions was positively associated with high-risk HPV infection and positive PKCι, YAP1, CD8 expression (P < 0.05), while negatively associated with positive CD4 expression (P < 0.05). HPV infection and positive PKCι, YAP1, CD8 expression were positively correlated with each other in SCC, while were all negatively correlated with positive CD4 expression(P < 0.05). The differences of HPV infection, PKCι, YAP1 and CD8 positive expression were significant in different levels of differentiation and vascular invasion of SCC (P < 0.05). Conclusion The patients with cervical lesions are often accompanied by high-risk HPV infection and abnormal expression of PKCι, YAP1, CD4 and CD8, which may have synergistic effects on each other, causing the local immunosuppression microenvironment of SCC. It provides a possible strategy for the study of pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer.
ABSTRACT
Positive regulative factors of PI3K/Akt signaling pathways is often activated in ovarian cancer, whereas the function of negative regulator PTEN is often defective. These two kinds of regulators cooperatively regulate tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis in closely association with tumor angiogenesis and invasion and metastasis. It has been suggested that PI3K-Akt pathway is not only related to prognosis of tumor patients but can also be used as novel targets for tumor therapy.