Application of partial least squares algorithm to explore bioactive components of crude and stir-baked hawthorn for invigorating spleen and promoting digestion / 中国中药杂志

This study was aimed at identifying the bioactive components of the crude and stir-baked hawthorn for invigorating spleen and promoting digestion, respectively, to clarify the processing mechanism of hawthorn by applying the partial least squares(PLS) algorithm to build the spectrum-effect relationship model. Firstly, different polar fractions of crude and stir-baked hawthorn aqueous extracts and combinations of different fractions were prepared, respectively. Then, the contents of 24 chemical components were determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The effects of different polar fractions of crude hawthorn and stir-baked hawthorn aqueous extracts and combinations of different fractions were evaluated by measuring the gastric emptying rate and small intestinal propulsion rate. Finally, the PLS algorithm was used to establish the spectrum-effect relationship model. The results showed that there were significant differences in the contents of 24 chemical components for different polar fractions of crude and stir-baked hawthorn aqueous extracts and combinations of different fractions, and the gastric emptying rate and small intestinal propulsion rate of model rats were improved by administration of different polar fractions of crude and stir-baked hawthorn aqueous extracts and combinations of different fractions. The bioactive components of crude hawthorn identified by PLS models were vitexin-4″-O-glucoside, vitexin-2″-O-rhamnoside, neochlorogenic acid, rutin, gallic acid, vanillic acid, citric acid, malic acid, quinic acid and fumaric acid, while neochlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, rutin, gallic acid, vanillic acid, citric acid, quinic acid and fumaric acid were the bioactive components of stir-baked hawthorn. This study provided data support and scientific basis for identifying the bioactive components of crude and stir-baked hawthorn, and clarifying the processing mechanism of hawthorn.

Analysis of the influencing factors of vault after the implantation of posterior chamber-phakic refractive lens for patients with super high myopia / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the influencing factors of vault after the posterior chamber phakic refractive lens(PC-PRL)implantation for patients with super high myopia.METHODS: Retrospective case study. A total of 40 patients with super high myopia(77 eyes)who underwent PC-PRL implantation in the Haixiang Eye Hospital from January 2019 to January 2021 were selected. They were followed up for at least 2a, postoperative anterior segment parameters, such as the uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), central anterior chamber depth(ACD), anterior chamber volume(ACV), anterior chamber angle(ACA), lens thickness and vault were evaluated, and then the influencing factors of postoperative vault were analyzed.RESULTS: The UCVA and BCVA of the patients significantly improved after PC-PRL implantation(P<0.001). Average safety index(postoperative BCVA/preoperative BCVA)was 1.36±0.32, and average effective index(postoperative UCVA/preoperative BCVA)was 1.23±0.31 in 2a after surgery. The vault in 2a after surgery was correlated with preoperative ACD, ACV, ACA and lens thickness, and the preoperative ACV and lens thickness had significant impact on vault in 2a after surgery.CONCLUSIONS: The PC-PRL implantation is safe and effective in super high myopia, and it can significantly improve visual acuity. Furthermore, preoperative ACV and lens thickness are important influencing factors of postoperative vault.

Mechanism of Prunellae Spica Against Breast Diseases： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Prunellae Spica is the dry ear of the labiaceae plant Prunella vulgaris， which is a traditional medicine and food plant with many functions. Prunellae Spica can clear liver-fire， improve eyesight， disperse knot detumescence. It owns hot and bitter flavors and cold property. It goes to the liver， gallbladder meridian， and is a kind of commonly-used antifebric. Prunellae Spica has been used in the treatment of mammary gland diseases since ancient times.The mammary abscess， mammary nodules， mammary carcinoma of traditional Chinese medicine all belong to breast disease， and the liver meridian is most closely related to these diseases. With the development of social life， breast disease has gradually become the most primary health problem for women. Modern pharmacological studies show that Prunellae Spica contains terpenoids， phenolic acids， flavonoids and other biological active components， which have anti-inflammatory， antibacterial， hormone regulation， anti-tumor and other effects. Prunellae Spica inhibits the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase （p38 MAPK）/nuclear factor kappa-B （NF-κB） pathway to play an anti-mastitis role， interferes with the effects of estrogen receptors or regulates lipid levels to treat breast hyperplasia， and treats breast cancer through promoting the apoptosis of breast cancer cells， inhibiting the migration of breast cancer cells， regulating the division of breast cancer cells and other ways. While referring to the relevant literature， it was found that Prunellae Spica often exerted pharmacological effects through multi-channels and multi-target regulation， but most of the studies did not specify the specific target of its effect， which needs further study. In this review， the effects and mechanisms of Prunellae Spica in the treatment of various breast diseases were summarized， so as to provide a reference for further research on the wider clinical therapeutic effects of Prunella subtilis and its therapeutic effects on breast diseases.

The roles of miRNA, lncRNA and circRNA in the development of osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a common metabolic bone disease, influenced by genetic and environmental factors, that increases bone fragility and fracture risk and, therefore, has a serious adverse effect on the quality of life of patients. However, epigenetic mechanisms involved in the development of osteoporosis remain unclear. There is accumulating evidence that epigenetic modifications may represent mechanisms underlying the links of genetic and environmental factors with increased risk of osteoporosis and bone fracture. Some RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), have been shown to be epigenetic regulators with significant involvement in the control of gene expression, affecting multiple biological processes, including bone metabolism. This review summarizes the results of recent studies on the mechanisms of miRNA-, lncRNA-, and circRNA-mediated osteoporosis associated with osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Deeper insights into the roles of these three classes of RNA in osteoporosis could provide unique opportunities for developing novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to this disease.

Analysis of HPLC Characteristic Chromatogram of Standard Pieces of Polygoni Multiflori Radix / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To establish HPLC characteristic chromatogram of standard pieces of Polygoni Multiflori Radix, and compare with the HPLC characteristic chromatograms of original pieces, raw materials and control materials of Polygoni Multiflori Radix. Method: HPLC analysis was carried out on a Waters BEH-C18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) with the mobile phase of methanol(A)-0.1%phosphoric acid(B) for gradient elution (0-20 min, 15%-30%A; 20-35 min, 30%-40%A; 35-55 min, 40%-75%A; 55-75 min, 75%-100%A) at a flow rate of 0.8 mL·min-1. The detection wavelength was set at 270 nm and the column temperature was maintained at 30℃. The injection volume was 10 μL. Moreover, similarity and cluster analysis of HPLC characteristic chromatograms of four samples of Polygoni Multiflori Radix were performed. Result: HPLC characteristic chromatogram of standard pieces of Polygoni Multiflori Radix composed of seven peaks was established. The similarity was 0.999 between characteristic chromatograms of standard pieces and original pieces, which was better than similarities among characteristic chromatograms of raw materials, control materials and original pieces. There was no obvious difference on number of peaks between characteristic chromatograms of standard pieces and original pieces, while an obvious difference on number of peaks between chromatograms of control materials and original pieces was found. In addition, standard pieces, original pieces and control materials could generally gather into one class, while raw materials could generally gather into another class. Conclusion: Compared with the raw materials and control materials, the established HPLC characteristic chromatogram of standard pieces can better reflect the internal quality of original pieces, which can be used for the quality control of decoction pieces of Polygoni Multiflori Radix.

System modeling on Chinese herbal medicine process based on multi-block partial least squares / 中国中药杂志

The system model of Chinese herbal medicine process is the basis for improving the precision of pharmaceutical process and ensuring the stable transmission of quality between different sections of the process. By taking the wet granulation-tableting process as the research object and using the Panax notoginsengs sapions (PNS) as a model drug, multi-block partial least squares method (MBPLS) was used in this article to build the system model of Chinese herbal medicine process, analyze the mass transmission rules in the process and improve the understanding on pharmaceutical process system of Chinese medicine. According to the process flow, the quality attributes of raw materials, granules and tablets collected in the process were divided into different data blocks, and the MBPLS method was used to establish system model. The R²Y and Q²Y of MBPLS model were 89.1% and 65.5%, respectively, indicating that the performance of the MBPLS model was good. By analyzing the parameters of MBPLS model, it was determined that the physical quality attributes of PNS raw materials and quality attributes of PNS granules were the key factors to affect the quality of PNS tablets. The particle size, bulk density and tapped density of PNS raw materials were the critical quality attributes which caused the quality variations of PNS granules and PNS tablets. MBPLS can quantify the contributions of each unit to the product quality by dividing the quality attributes into different units. It was helpful to analyze the interactions between the process units of Chinese herbal medicine and it could be applied to build system model of other Chinese herbal preparations processes.

Intervention effects of Jiaotai pills on PCPA-induced insomnia in rats / 中国中药杂志

To elucidate the intervention effects of Jiaotai pills(JTP) on p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA)-induced insomnia in rats and its underlying mechanism, the insomnia model was established by single intraperitoneal injection with PCPA in rats. The locomotor activity of rats was observed, and the levels of nerve growth factor(NGF) in hypothalamus, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and serum of rats were determined by using ELISA. Moreover, a proton nuclear magnetic resonance(¹H-NMR)-based metabonomic approach was developed to profile insomnia-related metabolites in rat serum and hippocampus and analyze the intervention effects of JTP on changes in underlying biomarkers related to locomotor activity, NGF and insomnia. According to the results, JTP could significantly suppress the locomotor activity of insomnia rats, and increase the NGF levels in hypothalamus, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and serum of rats with insomnia. The disturbed metabolic state associated with PCPA-induced insomnia in rat serum and hippocampus could be intervened by JTP. Meanwhile, six and five potential biomarkers related to insomnia in rat serum and hippocampus were reversed by administration of JTP. In conclusion, the current study demonstrated that JTP had protective effects against PCPA-induced insomnia in rats, which was probably correlated with regulation of NGF level and metabolism of amino acids, lipids and choline.

Application of drug-target prediction technology in network pharmacology of traditional Chinese medicine / 中国中药杂志

In recent years, network pharmacology has been developed rapidly, and especially, the concept of ″network target″ has brought a new era in the field of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The integrity and systematicness emphasized in network pharmacology comply with the characteristics of holistic view and treatment in Chinese medicine. It can provide deeper insights into the underlying mechanisms of TCM theories, including the illustration on action mechanism of Chinese medicine, selection of pharmacodynamic materials and the combination principles of various Chinese herbs, etc. Therefore, this theory is more suitable for TCM academic characteristics and practical conditions. The key problem in network pharmacology is how to efficiently and quickly identify the interactions between large amounts of drugs and target proteins. As an efficient and high throughput way, drug-target prediction technology can reduce costs, quickly predict the component targets, and provide foundation for the application of TCM network pharmacology. In view of the large amount of compounds and target databases, different prediction methods and technologies have been developed, and used to predict the drug-target interactions. Many virtual screening technologies have been successfully applied to network pharmacology. Based on different prediction principles, drug-target prediction technology can be generally divided into four types： ligand-based prediction, receptor-based prediction, machine learning and combined prediction. In this paper, we are going to review the prediction methods of drug-target interactions and give acomprehensive elaboration of their application in network pharmacology of TCM, hoping to provide beneficial references for various Chinese medicine researchers.

Treatment of pediatric distal femur fractures by external fixator combined with limited internal fixation / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discuss the clinical effects of external fixator combined with limited internal fixation in the treatment of pediatric distal femur fractures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2008 to June 2014, 17 children of distal femur fractures were treated by external fixator combined with limited internal fixation. There were 12 males and 5 females, aged from 6 to 13 years old with an average of 10.2 years, ranged in the course of disease from 1 h to 2 d. Preoperative diagnoses were confirmed by X-ray films in all children. There were 11 patients with supracondylar fracture , and 6 patients with intercondylar comminuted fracture. According to AO/ASIF classification, 9 fractures were type A1, 5 cases were type A2,and 3 cases were type C1. The intraoperative and postoperative complications, postoperative radiological examination, lower limbs length and motion of knee joints were observed. Knee joint function was assessed by KSS score.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients were followed up from 6 to 38 months with an average of 24.4 months. No nerve or blood vessel injury was found. One case complicated with the external fixation loosening, 2 cases with the infection of pin hole and 3 cases with the leg length discrepancy. Knee joint mobility and length measurement (compared with the contralateral), the average limited inflexion was 10 degrees (0 degrees to 20 degrees), the average limited straight was 4 degrees (0 degrees to 10), the average varus or valgus angle was 3 degrees (0 degrees to 5 degrees). KSS of the injured side was (96.4 +/- 5.0) points at final follow-up, 16 cases got excellent results and 1 good. All fractures obtained healing and no epiphyseal closed early was found.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>External fixator combined with limited internal fixation has advantages of simple operation, reliable fixation, early functional exercise in treating pediatric distal femurs fractures.</p>

Detection of respiratory viruses in children with acute lower respiratory tract infection: an analysis of 5,150 children / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the distribution of respiratory viruses on throat swabs in hospitalized children with acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 5,150 children with ALRTI who were admitted to Hebei Children's Hospital between March 2014 and February 2015 were enrolled to investigate the distribution of respiratory viruses in children with ALRTI. Direct immunofluorescence assay was performed for throat swabs from these children to detect influenza virus A (FA), influenza virus B (FB), adenovirus (ADV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, and 3 (PIV-1, PIV-2, and PIV-3).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of all the 5,150 throat swabs from hospitalized children, 2,155 (41.84%) had positive virus detection results. RSV had the highest detection rate (1,338 cases/25.98%), followed by PIV-3 (439 cases/8.52%) and FA (166 cases/3.22%), and 29 patients had mixed infection with 2 viruses. With the increasing age, the detection rates of viruses tended to decrease (χ2=279.623; P<0.01). The positive rate of RSV increased gradually from September, and reached the peak value (60.09%) in November; the lowest positive rate occurred in June (1.51%). The positive rate of PIV-3 was the highest in May (21.38%) and the lowest in November (1.77%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The distribution of viruses in children with ALRTI varies with age and season, with RSV prevalence in autumn and winter and PIV-3 prevalence in spring and summer. RSV is the most common viral pathogen that causes ALRTI in hospitalized children.</p>

Study on material base of Ligusticum wallichii for treating brain ischemia and its molecular mechanism based on molecular docking / 中国中药杂志

To explore the effective ingredients and mechanism of Ligusticum wallichii in treating brain ischemia. Four brain ischemia-related target proteins were selected in the joint screening for the 45 component in L. wallichii reported in literatures based on molecular docking by reference to the corresponding drugs in the market. According to the docking results, multiple components in L. wallichii, such as phthalides, were superior to the corresponding drugs in the market, suggesting that they may be the major effective components in L. wallichii for treating brain ischemia. The method can be used to study the material base and molecular mechanism of traditional Chinese medicines.

Study on action mechanism and material base of compound Danshen dripping pills in treatment of carotid atherosclerosis based on techniques of gene expression profile and molecular fingerprint / 中国中药杂志

Action mechanism and material base of compound Danshen dripping pills in treatment of carotid atherosclerosis were discussed based on gene expression profile and molecular fingerprint in this paper. First, gene expression profiles of atherosclerotic carotid artery tissues and histologically normal tissues in human body were collected, and were screened using significance analysis of microarray (SAM) to screen out differential gene expressions; then differential genes were analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and KEGG pathway analysis; to avoid some genes with non-outstanding differential expression but biologically importance, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were performed, and 7 chemical ingredients with higher negative enrichment score were obtained by Cmap method, implying that they could reversely regulate the gene expression profiles of pathological tissues; and last, based on the hypotheses that similar structures have similar activities, 336 ingredients of compound Danshen dripping pills were compared with 7 drug molecules in 2D molecular fingerprints method. The results showed that 147 differential genes including 60 up-regulated genes and 87 down regulated genes were screened out by SAM. And in GO analysis, Biological Process ( BP) is mainly concerned with biological adhesion, response to wounding and inflammatory response; Cellular Component (CC) is mainly concerned with extracellular region, extracellular space and plasma membrane; while Molecular Function (MF) is mainly concerned with antigen binding, metalloendopeptidase activity and peptide binding. KEGG pathway analysis is mainly concerned with JAK-STAT, RIG-I like receptor and PPAR signaling pathway. There were 10 compounds, such as hexadecane, with Tanimoto coefficients greater than 0.85, which implied that they may be the active ingredients (AIs) of compound Danshen dripping pills in treatment of carotid atherosclerosis (CAs). The present method can be applied to the research on material base and molecular action mechanism of TCM.

Value of MRI in the diagnosis of radial head fracture with forearm interosseous membrane injury / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the diagnostic value of MRI in radial head fracture with forearm interosseous membrane injuries.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From December 2011 to December 2012,26 patients with fractures of capitulum radial in our hospital were collected. There were 15 males and 11 females, ranging in age from 21 to 53 years old,with an average of 37.6 years old. All the patients visited hospital within 72 hours after injuries. X-ray radiography of full ulnar radial length in injured side, CT in injured side (three-dimensional reconstruction if necessary) and MRI (including the elbow and wrist joints) were performed within a week after the injury. The MRI manifestations of the forearm interosseous membrane (with or without damage, the injured location and the injury degree ) and the fractures degree of radial head were observed and compared for the relativity.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Radial head fracture from Mason type I to III was associated with the forearm interosseous membrane injury. Radial head fracture degree was positive correlated with forearm interosseous membrane injury degree (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Radial head fracture with suspicious forearm interosseous membrane injury is necessary to take MRI for checking for any interosseous membrane injury and injury degree, then choose the right treatment for radial capitulum fracture, only in this way can be helpful for the functional recovery of elbow and forearm.</p>

Urine metabonomic study of intervention effects of Morinda officinalis how. on 'kidney-yang deficiency syndrome' / 药学学报

To investigate the intervention effects of Morinda officinalis How. on 'Kidney-yang deficiency syndrome' induced by hydrocortisone in rats, the metabolic profiles of rat urine were characterized using proton nuclear magnetic resonance and principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to study the trajectory of urinary metabolic phenotype of rats with 'Kidney-yang deficiency syndrome' under administration of M. officinalis at different time points. Meanwhile, the intervention effects of M. officinalis on urinary metabolic potential biomarkers associated with 'Kidney-yang deficiency syndrome' were also discussed. The experimental results showed that in accordance to the increased time of administration, an obvious tendency was observed that clustering of the treatment group moved gradually closed to that of the control group. Eight potential biomarkers including citrate, succinate, alpha-ketoglutarate, lactate, betaine, sarcosine, alanine and taurine were definitely up- or down-regulated. In conclusion, the effectiveness of M. oficinalis on 'Kidney-yang deficiency syndrome' is proved using the established metabonomic method and the regulated metabolic pathways involve energy metabolism, transmethylation and transportation of amine. Meanwhile, the administration of M. officinalis can alleviate the kidney impairment induced by 'Kidney-yang deficiency syndrome'.

HPLC fingerprint of flavonoids in Sophora flavescens and determination of five components / 中国中药杂志

A simple and reliable method of high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection (HPLC-DAD) was developed to evaluate the quality of a traditional Chinese medicine Sophora flavescens through establishing chromatographic fingerprint and simultaneous determination of five flavonoids, including trifolirhizin, maackiain, kushenol I, kurarinone and sophoraflavanone G. The optimal conditions of separation and detection were achieved on an ULTIMATE XB-C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) with a gradient of acetonitrile and water, detected at 295 nm. In the chromatographic fingerprint, 13 peaks were selected as the characteristic peaks to assess the similarities of different samples collected from different origins in China according to similarity evaluation for chromatographic fingerprint of traditional chinese medicine (2004AB) and principal component analysis (PCA) were used in data analysis. There were significant differences in the fingerprint chromatograms between S. flavescens and S. tonkinensis. Principal component analysis showed that kurarinone and sophoraflavanone G were the most important component. In quantitative analysis, the five components showed good regression (R > 0.999) with linear ranges, and their recoveries were in the range of 96.3% - 102.3%. This study indicated that the combination of quantitative and chromatographic fingerprint analysis can be readily utilized as a quality control method for S. flavescens and its related traditional Chinese medicinal preparations.

Simultaneous quantitative analysis of five alkaloids in Sophora flavescens by multi-components assay by single marker / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a new method for quality evaluation and validate its feasibilities by simultaneous quantitative assay of five alkaloids in Sophora flavescens.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The new quality evaluation method, quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker (QAMS), was established and validated with S. flavescens. Five main alkaloids, oxymatrine, sophocarpine, matrine, oxysophocarpine and sophoridine, were selected as analytes to evaluate the quality of rhizome of S. flavescens, and the relative correction factor has good repeatibility. Their contents in 21 batches of samples, collected from different areas, were determined by both external standard method and QAMS. The method was evaluated by comparison of the quantitative results between external standard method and QAMS.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>No significant differences were found in the quantitative results of five alkaloids in 21 batches of S. flavescens determined by external standard method and QAMS.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It is feasible and suitable to evaluate the quality of rhizome of S. flavescens by QAMS.</p>

Influence of follow-up treatment compliance on prognosis after endoscopic gastroesophageal varices treatment / 中华消化杂志

Objective To investigate the influence of follow-up treatment compliance on prognosis after gastroesophageal varices treated under endoscopy.Methods Up to 416 liver cirrhosis patients after gastroesophageal varices treated under endoscopy were follow-up and divided into compliance group and control group according to whether the patients had follow-up treatment compliance condition.The factors caused the difference of follow-up treatment compliance were analyzed.The differences in the follow-up indexes such as rebleeding,mortality,rehospitalization were compared between the two groups.The differences in indexes between two groups were stratifiedly analyzed according to liver function Child-Pugh classification.Chi-square four data table test was for two independent samples comparison.Results The differences of education level,income and the medical condition of residential area determined the difference of follow-up compliance.After gastroesophageal varices patients treated under endoscopy,the total rebleeding rate was 35.1 ％ (146/416) and and the mortality rate was 9.4％ (39/416).The rebleeding rate and mortality rate of the compliance group were significantly lower than those of control group (26.1％ (61/234) vs 46.7％(85/182),x2=19.137,P＜0.01; 6.4％(15/234) vs 13.2％(24/182),x2=5.533,P=0.019).Among the 273 Child-Pugh A level patients,the detection rate of liver cancer (3.7％,10/273),liver transplantation rate (3.7％,10/273),splenectomy plus portal azygous disconnection rate (6.6％,18/ 273) of compliance group were higher than those of control group (x2 =4.086,P =0.043; x2 =4.086,P=0.043; x2 =5.515,P=0.019).Among the 102 Child-Pugh B level patients,there were statistical differences between compliance group and control group in rebleeding rate (x2 =21.297,P＜0.01),motality (x2=3.525,P=0.042),ascites (x2=4.451,P=0.035),life quality (x2 =10.454,P=0.001) and liver function (x2 =8.197,P=0.004).However,there were no statistical differences in all indexes between the two groups of Child-Pugh C level patients (all P＞0.05).Conclusion To improve the follow-up treatment compliance remarkably,decreased the rebleeding rate and mortality,contributed to early detection of liver cancer and early liver transplatation,thus the prognosis was improved consequently.

Application of zebrafish model organism in the research of Chinese materia medica / 药学学报

Zebrafish has become an important model organism in many fields of biomedical studies and been increasingly used in Chinese materia medica studies in recent years. This article summarized the achievements and prospect for zebrafish as a pharmacological and toxicological tool in the study and development of Chinese materia medica.

Manipulative reduction and percutaneous pin fixation for the treatment of severely displaced proximal humerus fractures in children / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the results of manipulative reduction and percutaneous pin fixation for the treatment of severely displaced proximal humeru fracturess in children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2006 to December 2010, 43 patients with severely displaced proximal humeru fractures were treated with manipulative reduction and percutaneous pin fixation. There were 28 boys and 15 girls,ranging in age from 3 to 17 years,with an average of 11.1 years. Preoperative diagnoses were confirmed by the X-ray films as Neer-Horwitz type III or IV fractures. All the patients were close fractures without nerve or vascular injuries. Under C-arm X-ray machine, anatomical reduction was achieved by manipulative reduction according to the bone fracture type. The fractures were fixed by percutaneous pinning. Postoperative X-ray confirmed anatomical reduction. Follow-up index were recorded: intra-operative and postoperative complications, postoperative radiographic examination, upper extremity length and range of shoulder motion. Neer score system was used to evaluate shoulder function.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 3 to 37 months with an average of 20.4 months. The mean Neer score of the injured side was (95.0 +/- 4.3) (ranged, 85 to 100). Thirty-eight patients got an excellent result, 5 good. The X-ray showed all the fractures healed without shortening deformity or epiphyseal arrest at early stage. All the patients could participate in the normal physical activities and had a normal range of motion and excellent strength of the shoulder joint.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method of manipulative reduction and percutaneous pin fixation is relatively reliable treatment for severely displaced proximal humerus fractures in children.</p>

Clinical features and endoscopic treatment for aged patients with acute hemorrhage arising from vascular malformation of colon / 中华消化杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical features of aged patients with acute hemorrhage arising from vascular malformation of colon and the efficacy of endoscopic placement of hemoclip in treatment of hemorrhage. Methods Fifty-six patients were diagnosed with acute bleeding arising from vascular malformation of colon by colonoscopy. Patients were assigned to aged group (n = 31,≧60 years of age) and control group (n = 25, <60 years of age). The clinical manifestations and the efficacy of emergent endoscopic treatment with hemoclip application were compared between two groups. Results The complications including hypertension, coronary heart disease and diabetes were higher in aged group [80. 6% (25/31)] than in control group [40. 0% (10/25) ] with significant difference (P<0. 01). The effusive bleeding accounted for 45. 2% (14/31) in aged group and 16. 0% (4/25) in control group (P<0. 05). Endoscopic treatment with hemoclip was performed in 18 and 6 patients in aged group and control group, respectively. Initial hemostasis was achieved in 17 and 6 patients in the aged group and control group, respectively (P<0. 05). Recurrent hemorrhage occurred in 2 patients in the aged group and none in the control group (P>0. 05). The mean number of hemoclips application was 5. 3 ± 2. 4 in aged group and 3. 1 ± 1. 3 in control group (P<0. 05). Conclusions The hemorrhage is more serious in aged patients with acute hemorrhage, because they often complicate with cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. The lesion of hemorrhage can be found and precisely localized using colonoscopy. Promptly endoscopic placement of hemoclip is quite effective in treatment of acute hemorrhage.