Blood lactate as a biomarker of depression: a comparative study between runners and sedentary people

Abstract Aim: The main objective of this work is to investigate whether recreational running, considered an aerobic exercise, would stimulate blood lactate production, reducing the risk of symptoms of depression. Methods: To accomplish this, we compared the depressive symptoms with the Beck Depression Inventory-II, the intensity of physical activity with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and blood samples of the D-lactate assay in two groups of participants who practiced and did not practice street running. Results: The results showed a negative correlation between blood lactate levels and the severity of symptoms of depression. In addition, running volunteers had significant blood lactate levels and low depression scores compared to non-running volunteers. Conclusion: This evidence suggests that street running may reduce symptoms of depression by stimulating blood lactate levels.

Resistance training improves body composition and increases matrix metalloproteinase 2 activity in biceps and gastrocnemius muscles of diet-induced obese rats

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the influence of resistance training on body composition and matrix metalloproteinase 2 activity in skeletal muscles of rats fed a high-fat diet. METHODS: Thirty-two Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups (n = 8/each) according to diet and exercise status: Control (standard diet), Obese Control (high-fat diet), Resistance Training (standard diet) and Obese Resistance Training (high-fat diet) groups. Animals were fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks to promote excessive weight gain. Resistance Training groups performed 12 weeks of training periods after this period in a vertical ladder three times/week. Fat percentage, fat-free mass and fat mass were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and matrix metalloproteinase 2 activity in biceps and gastrocnemius muscles was analyzed using zymography. RESULTS: Resistance training significantly reduced body and fat masses and fat percentages in both trained groups (p<0.05). The maximal carrying load between trained groups was not different, but relative force was higher in the Resistance Training group (p<0.05). Of note, increased matrix metalloproteinase 2 activity was noted in the tested muscles of both trained groups (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, altered body composition and muscle matrix metalloproteinase 2 activity promoted by excessive weight gain were positively modified by resistance training. .

Efeitos do treinamento de força a longo prazo sobre parâmetros hemodinâmicos e concentração de resistina em mulheres na pós-menopausa / The effects of long term strength training on hemodynamic parameters and resistin level in postmenopausal women / Efectos del entrenamiento de fuerza a largo plazo en los parámetros hemodinámicos y concentración de resistina em mujeres posmenopausia

Investigar a influência do treinamento de força (TF) sobre a concentração sorológica de resistina e pressão arterial de mulheres na pós-menopausa. Métodos: Estudo longitudinal, realizado na Universidade Federal de São Carlos, do qual participaram 23 mulheres sedentárias na pós-menopausa. O TF apresentou duração de 13 meses (dez/2008 a jan/2010), com duas sessões semanais, cada uma consistindo em três séries de 8-12 repetições máximas e um exercício para cada grupo muscular principal. Foi avaliada a força muscular máxima nos seguintes exercícios: supino, leg press 45° e flexão do cotovelo em pé. A concentração sérica de resistina foi determinada pelo método ELISA. No processamento estatístico, utilizou-se o ANOVA (com medidas repetidas) para comparar os momentos Pré, 6 meses e 13 meses (p<0,05). Para avaliar as correlações resistina × pressão arterial, resistina × força muscular e força × pressão arterial, utilizou-se o teste de correlação de Pearson. Resultados: As mulheres apresentaram o seguinte perfil antropométrico: 61,33±3,8 anos; estatura de 148,5±32,7 cm; massa corporal de 67,56±10,85 kg. O TF induziu a redução da concentração de resistina (30272,4±8100,1 versus 16350,6±2404,6 pg/mL) e pressão arterial sistólica (120,5±11,8 versus 115,8±1,6 mmHg), e o aumento da força muscular no leg press 45o (172,3±27,3 versus 348,6±40,8 kg), supino (31,9±4,1 versus 41,8±5,6 kg) e flexão docotovelo (21,0±2,4 versus 26,5±2,9 kg) após os 13 meses (p<0,05). Conclusão: Os resultados deste estudo revelaram que o TF a longo prazo aumenta a força muscular máxima, diminui a pressão arterial sistólica e os níveis séricos da resistina ? alterações fisiológicas benéficas para a redução do risco de doenças cardiovasculares em mulheres na pós-menopausa...

Investigate the influence of strength training (ST) on serum resistin levels and blood pressure of postmenopausal women. Methods: Longitudinal study conducted at the Federal University of São Carlos with twenty-three sedentary postmenopausal women. The ST lasted 13 months (Dec./2008 to Jan./2010) and consisted of two weekly sessions with three sets of 8-12 maximum repetitions and one exercise for each main muscle group. Maximum muscular strength was tested in the following exercises: bench press, 45° leg press, and standing arm curl. Serum resistin level was determined using the ELISA method. ANOVA (with repeated measures) was used for the comparisons between periods Pre-, 6 months and 13 months (p < 0.05); Pearson?s correlation test was used to evaluate the correlations between resistin × blood pressure, resistin × muscle strength and strength × blood pressure. Results: Women presented the following anthropometric profile: 61.33±3.8 years; height 148.5±32.7 cm; body mass 67.56±10.85 kg. The ST decreased resistin levels (30272.4 ± 8100.1 to 16350.6 ± 2404.6 pg/mL) and systolic blood pressure (120.5 ± 11.8 to 115.8 ± 1.6 mmHg), and increased muscular strength in the leg press 45o (172.3 ± 27.3 to 348.6 ± 40.8kg), bench press (31.9 ± 4.1 to 41.8 ± 5.6 kg) and arm curl (21.0 ± 2.4 to 26.5 ± 2.9 kg) after 13 months (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that long-term ST increases maximum muscular strength, decreases systolic blood pressure and serum resistin levels, which are beneficial physiological alterations that reduce the risk for cardiovascular diseases in postmenopausal women...

Investigar la influencia del entrenamiento de fuerza (EF) sobre la concentración serológica de resistina y presión arterial em mujeres posmenopausia. Métodos: Estudio longitudinal realizado en la Universidad Federal de São Carlos en el cual participaron 23 mujeres sedentarias posmenopausia. El EF tuvo duración de 13 meses (diciembre de 2008 a enero de 2010) con dos sesiones semanales, siendo cada sesión constituida de tres series de 8-12 repeticiones máximas y un ejercicio para cada grupo muscular principal. Fue evaluada la fuerza muscular máxima en los siguientes ejercicios: supino, leg press 45° y flexión de codo de pie. La concentración sérica de resistina fue determinada por el método ELISA. En el procesamiento estadístico se utilizo ANOVA (con medidas repetidas) para las comparaciones entre los momentos pre, 6 meses y 13 meses (p < 0,05); se utilizó La prueba de correlación de Pearson para evaluar las correlaciones entre resistina × presión arterial, resistina × fuerza muscular y fuerza × presión arterial. Resultados: Las mujeres presentaron el siguiente perfil antropométrico: 61,33±3,8 años; altura 148,5±32,7 cm; masa corporal 67,56±10,85 kg. El EF llevó a La reducción de la concentración de resistina (30272,4±8100,1 versus 16350,6±2404,6 pg/mL) y presión arterial sistólica (120,5±11,8 versus 115,8±1,6 mmHg) y aumento de fuerza muscular en el leg press 45º (172,3±27,3 versus 348,6±40,8 kg), supino (31,9±4,1 versus 41,8±5,6 kg) y flexión de codo (21,0±2,4 versus 26,5±2,9 kg) después de los 13 meses (p < 0,05). Conclusión: Los resultados del estudio revelaron que el EF a largo plazo aumenta la fuerza muscular máxima, disminuye la presión arterial sistólica y los niveles séricos de la resistina, alteraciones fisiológicas benéficas para la reducción del riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares em mujeres posmenopausia...

Effects of ovariectomy and resistance training on oxidative stress markers in the rat liver

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the effects of resistance training on oxidative stress markers in the livers of ovariectomized rats. METHOD: Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the following four groups (n = 8 per group): sham-operated sedentary, ovariectomized sedentary, sham-operated resistance training, and ovariectomized resistance training. During the resistance training period, the animals climbed a 1.1-m vertical ladder with weights attached to their tails; the sessions were conducted 3 times per week, with 4-9 climbs and 8-12 dynamic movements per climb. The oxidative stress was assessed by measuring the levels of reduced glutathione and oxidized glutathione, the enzymatic activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase, lipid peroxidation, vitamin E concentrations, and the gene expression of glutathione peroxidase. RESULTS: The results showed significant reductions in the reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio (4.11±0.65 nmol/g tec), vitamin E concentration (55.36±11.11 nmol/g), and gene expression of glutathione peroxidase (0.49±0.16 arbitrary units) in the livers of ovariectomized rats compared with the livers of unovariectomized animals (5.71±0.71 nmol/g tec, 100.14±10.99 nmol/g, and 1.09±0.54 arbitrary units, respectively). Moreover, resistance training for 10 weeks was not able to reduce the oxidative stress in the livers of ovariectomized rats and induced negative changes in the hepatic anti-oxidative/oxidative balance. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that the resistance training program used in this study was not able to attenuate the hepatic oxidative damage caused by ovariectomy and increased the hepatic oxidative stress. .

Avaliação da aceitação de chá-mate adoçado com aspartame, extrato de estévia [Stevia reabaudiana(Bert. )Bertoni]e sacarose, antes e após exercício físico / Evaluation of the acceptance of mate drink sweetened with aspartame, stevia [Stevia reabaudiana(Bert. )Berttoni] extract and sucrose, before and after physical exercise

Avaliou-se a existência de diferença na aceitação de amostras de chá-mate, adoçadas com diferentes edulcorantes e sacarose, antes e após a realização de exercício físico. Aplicou-se teste de aceitação com escala hedônica estruturada de nove pontos para avaliação das amostras em relação ao aroma, sabor e impressão global. Os dados foram analisados por análise de variância e teste de médias de Tukey. Verificou-se diminuição significativa (p meno ou igual 0,05) na aceitação das amostras de chá-mate adoçadas com a mistura ciclamato/sacarina 2:1 após a realização de exercício físico

Avaliação do idoso: anamnese e exame da performance física / Aged evaluation: medical history taking and physical examination

Obter informações precisas a partir da história clínica e selecionar os testes mais adequados para o exame físico funcional são procedimentos fundamentais paraa melhor compreensão dos resultados obtidos na avaliação. A obtenção do diagnóstico fisioterápico em Geriatria é um processo dinâmico, que requer do fisioterapeuta a habilidade de buscar na literatura evidências científicas que determinem a precisão na interpretação das informações fornecidas pela história clínica e pelos resultados obtidos nos testes aplicados do exame físico