Clinical study on microcirculation resistance index for predicting major adverse cardiac events after PCI operation in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the clinical value of the index of microcirculation resistance(IMR) in the prediction of major adverse cardiac events after PCI in the patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction.Methods Forty-eight inpa tients with acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI) in the cardiology department CCU of our hospital from December 2013 to June 2015 were selected,including 38 males and 10 females,and divided into 3 groups according to the measured IMR value after PCI operation:the group A,IMR≤25(n=18);group B,IMR 25 ～ 32 (n =16);group C,IMR≥32 (n =14).Serum NT-ProBNP was collected,and the data in cardiac color ultrasound after PCI and at postoperative 1 year:left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) and left ventricular end diastolic diameter(LVEDD),and major adverse cardiac events within 1 years after PCI were also collected.Results The serum of concentrations NT-ProBNP were compared among the three groups[(2 734.83 ± 1 009.40) vs.(4 929.68±611.52) vs.(7 480.64±2 082.78)],and the difference among 3 groups was statistically significant (F=35.449,P=0.000).The difference of LVEF among the three groups had statistal significance[(54.00-±-5.99) vs.(52.31 ± 4.35)vs.(49.29 ±4.68),F=3.376,P=0.043)],and there was no statistical difference among the three groups in LVEDD(P＞0.05).The difference of LVEF at postoperative 1 year among 3 groups had statistical significance[(57.28 ± 5.21)vs.(54.43 ±3.69)vs.(46.43±5.33),F=16.744,P=0.000],and the difference of LVEDD (48.94±1.95)vs.(50.63±2.68)vs.(52.14±2.69) among 3 groups was statistically significant(F=6.875,P=0.002).The differences in the major adverse cardiac events,cases of cardiac death and cases of heart failure after postoperative 1 year among 3 groups were statistically significant(x2 value=6.707,P=0.035;x2 value=6.084,P=0.048);the occurrence of again ACS,again PCI and malignant arrhythmia had no statistical difference among 3 groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Measurement of IMR after PCI in the patients with STEMI can effectively predict the heart function and the risk of major adverse cardiac events within 1 year.

Effect of Aerobic Exercises and Dietary Intervention on Lipid Metabolism in Rats with Metabolic Syndrome and Mechanism Medicated by Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptorα / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To study the effect of aerobic exercise and dietary intervention on lipid metabolism in metabolic syndrome rats, and investigate the possible mechanism mediated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorα(PPARα). Methods After one-week feed-ing, Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into blank control group (CC group) and model group which were feed in high-fat-and-salt diet for 18 weeks to establish a metabolic syndrome model. Then, the metabolic syndrome rats were randomly divided into model control group (MC), the model high-fat diet group (MHE) and the model general died exercise group (ME). ME and MHE groups were forced to run on a treadmill for twelve weeks at the same time. The weight of perirenal fat, blood free fat acid (FFA), and blood lipid were determined. The expression of PPARαmRNA in myocardium was detected by RT-PCR. Western blotting was applied to detect the protein expression of PPARαin myocardium. Results Compared with CC group, MC group showed significant increase in body weight, perirenal fat weigh, FFA, and blood lipid (P<0.05), and significant decrease in PPARαmRNA and protein expression (P<0.01) in myocardium. Compared with MC group, ME and MHE groups showed significant decrease in body weight, perirenal fat weight, triglyceride (TG), and showed significant in-crease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and the expression of PPARαmRNA and protein in myocardium (P<0.05). Compared with MHE group, ME group showed decrease in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (P<0.05), and increase in the expression of PPARαmRNA and protein (P<0.01). Conclusion Aerobic exercise may activate the expression of PPARα, enhance the utilization of fatty acid, reduce body mass and visceral fat mass, improve the dyslipidemia and then regulate lipid metabolism in metabolic syndrome rats.

Effects of edaravone on the expression of TGF-β1 and myocardialfibrosis in rats / 天津医药

Objective To investigate the effects of edaravone on myocardial fibrosis induced by isoproterenol (ISO) in rats, and to discuss the correlation between the level of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and the myocardial fibrosis. Methods Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups, namely control group, model group and edaravone groups (low, medium and high doses). Isoproterenol was used to establish the rat model of myocardial fibrosis. Edaravone groups were given edaravone [3, 5 and 10 mg/(kg · d)] to intervene for 14 days. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) were examined after 15-d treatment. The left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and collagen volume fraction (CVF) were examined. The expression of TGF-β1 was detected by Western blot assay and immuno-fluorescence method. Results The content of MDA and LVMI were significantly higher in model group than those of the control group (P<0.01),whereas the content of SOD was significantly lower in model group than that of the control group (P<0.01). Compared with model group, the expression level of MDA decreased with the increased intervention dose of edara-vone (P<0.05), while SOD expression level increased (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the level of SOD be-tween middle dose edaravone group and the control group. LVMI was decreased with the increased doses of edaravone ( P<0.01). There was no significant difference in LVMI between the high dose of edaravone group and the control group. Com-pared with the control group, the expression level of TGF-β1 was significantly increased in model group (P<0.01). The ex-pression level of TGF-β1 was reduced with the increased doses of edaravone. CVF was significantly increased in model group compared with that of control group (P<0.001). CVF decreased with the increased doses of edaravone in medium and high doses of edaravone groups, but they were higher than that of control group (P<0.01). TGF-β1 was positively correlated with MDA, LVMI and CVF (r=0.931, 0.879 and 0.930, P<0.001). SOD was negatively correlated with TGF-β1 (r=-0.892, P<0.001). Conclusion Edaravone can relieve myocardial fibrosis by inhibiting oxidative stress and TGF-β1 in rats.

Effect of edaravone on oxidative stress and myocardial fibrosis induced by isoproterenol in rats / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of edaravone on oxidative stress and myocardial fibrosis induced by isoproterenol in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty male SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, including a control group, a myocardial fibrosis model (established by injections of isopropyl adrenaline for 10 days) group, and 3 edaravone groups with edaravone treatment at low, medium, or high doses for 14 days. After the treatments, the rats were examined for the degree of myocardial fibrosis, left ventricular mass index (LVMI), collagen volume fraction (CVF), and myocardial contents of collagen I (Col I), collage III (Col III), hydroxyproline (Hyp), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO); The expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in the myocardial tissues was examined by immunofluorescence assay and Western blotting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control rats, the rat models of myocardial fibrosis showed significantly increased CVF and LVMI (P=0.000), which were lowered by edaravone treatments in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). The myocardial contents of Col I, Col III and Hyp also increased in the model group (P=0.000) and were lowered dose-dependently by edaravone; the contents of MDA was higher (P=0.000) and SOD and NO were lower in the model group (P=0.000), and edaravone treatments obviously increased SOD and NO contents (P<0.05). The model rats showed significantly increased myocardial expression of TGF-β1 (P=0.000), which was markedly lowered by edaravone treatments (P=0.000). The myocardial content of MDA was positively correlated while SOD and NO were negatively with LVMI, CVF, Col I, Col III and Hyp; TGF-β1 was positively correlated with LVMI, CVF, Col I, Col III, Hyp and MDA but negatively with SOD and NO.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Edaravone can relieve oxidative stress and inhibit TGF-β1 activation to ameliorate myocardial fibrosis in rats.</p>

Sleep disorders and its related risk factors in patients undergoing chronic peritoneal dialysis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The prevalence of sleep disorders has been shown to be high in patients with chronic dialysis patients and may contribute to impaired quality of life and higher mortality in this population. However, there are few data on the relationship of sleep disorders and their risk factors in chronic dialysis patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of sleep disorders and their risk factors in chronic dialysis patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 42 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients were involved in this cross-sectional study. Sleep quality was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Restless legs syndrome (RLS) was diagnosed according to the criteria of the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group. And depression was assessed by Hamilton depression scale. General information and laboratory data were collected.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The prevalence of sleep disorders was 47.6% in the CAPD patients. According to the PSQI, the 42 CAPD patients were divided into sleep disturbance group and non-sleep disorders group. There were no significant differences in age, gender, dialysis duration, hemoglobin, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, β2-microglobulin, parathyroid hormone, calcium, and phosphorus between CAPD patients with sleep disorders and those without sleep disorders. But the level of serum albumin (Alb) in CAPD patients with sleep disorders was significantly lower than that in CAPD patients without sleep disorders (31.3 ± 1.4 vs. 34.3 ± 3.7, t = 3.603, P = 0.001) . And the prevalence of RLS and depression was significantly higher than that in CAPD patients without sleep disorders (RLS: 11/22 vs. 1/20, χ(2) = 10.395, P = 0.001; depression: 7/22 vs. 1/20, χ(2) = 4.886, P = 0.027). In CAPD patients with RLS, the prevalence of sleep disorders was significantly higher than that in CAPD patients without RLS (11/22 vs. 11/30, χ(2) = 10.395, P = 0.001). And in CAPD patients with depression, the prevalence of sleep disorders was significantly higher than that in CAPD patients without depression (7/8 vs. 15/34, χ(2) = 4.886, P = 0.027). In CAPD patients, bivariate correlation analysis showed that sleep disorders was negatively correlated with serum Alb (r = -0.606, P = 0.000) and positively correlated with RLS (r = 0.497, P = 0.001) and depression (r = 0.341, P = 0.029). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that the odds ratio of RLS, depression, and low serum Alb was 22.900, 42.209, and 0.597, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The prevalence of sleep disorders was relatively high in CAPD patients. RLS, depression, and low serum Alb were the risk factors for CAPD patients with sleep disorders.</p>

Correlation between serum magnesium and malnutrition-inflammation-atherosclerosis syndrome in maintenance hemodialysis patients / 中华临床营养杂志

Objective To investigate the potential correlation between serum magnesium and malnutrition-inflammation-atherosclerosis (MIA) syndrome in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients.Methods A total of 120 patients who received MHD in Department of Blood Purification of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital from March to August 2013 were enrolled.Anthropometric and laboratory data were collected for the analysis of correlation between serum magnesium and indicators relating to malnutrition,chronic inflammation,and atherosclerosis,and the analysis of relevant factors of MIA syndrome.Results In the 120 MHD patients,the mean serum magnesium level was (1.11 ±0.14) mmol/L.44 patients had malnutrition (36.7％),whose serum magnesium level was significantly lower than that of patients in normal nutritious status [(1.04 ±0.12) mmol/L vs.(1.14 ±0.15) mmol/L,t =3.576,P =0.001] ; 43 patients had chronic inflammation (35.8％),with serum magnesium level significantly lower than that of patients without inflammation [(1.07 ±0.13) mmol/L vs.(1.13 ±0.15) mmol/L,t =2.138,P =0.035]; 79 patients had atherosclerosis (65.8％),whose serum magnesium level was significantly lower than that of patients without atherosclerosis [(1.08 ±0.12) mmol/L vs.(1.15 ±0.08) mmol/L,t =0.385,P =0.019] ; and 26 patients had MIA syndrome (21.7％),whose serum magnesium level was significantly lower than that of non-MIA patients [(1.02 ± 0.10) mmol/L vs.(1.13 ± 0.14) mmol/L,t =3.534,P =0.001].Serum magnesium level was found negatively correlated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP,r =-0.237,P =0.010) and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT,r =-0.331,P =0.000),and positively correlated with serum albumin,blood urea nitrogen,serum creatinine,uric acid,serum potassium,triceps skin-fold thickness,mid-arm circumference,mid-arm muscle circumference and hemoglobin (r =0.191,P =0.037; r =0.345,P =0.000; r =0.242,P=0.008; r =0.282,P=0.002; r=0.254,P=0.005; r=0.265,P=0.011; r=0.233,P=0.018; r=0.282,P=0.007; r=0.374,P =0.000).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR =1.142,95％ CI =1.026-1.271,P=0.049),hs-CRP (OR=1.415,95％ CI=1.152-1.740,P=0.001),IMT (OR =1.386,95％ CI=1.009-1.904,P=0.044),serum albumin (OR =0.944,95％ CI=0.910-0.978,P=0.002) and serum magnesium (OR =0.886,95％ CI =0.788-0.996,P =0.042) were related factors of MIA syndrome.Conclusions Serum magnesium level is correlated to malnutrition,inflammation,atherosclerosis,and MIA syndrome in MHD patients.

The incidence of aspirin resistance and relevant influencing factors in patients on maintenance hemodialysis / 中华内科杂志

Objective To explore aspirin resistance (AR) and its relevant influencing factors in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD).Methods Patients on MHD who visited Beijing Chaoyang Hospital from June 1 to 30,2011 were enrolled in this study.A total of 150 age and gender matched individuals with normal renal function were taken as control group.Anthropometric data,biochemistry parameters,ultrasonography and thromboelastograph (TEG) were inspected in the both groups.AR was defined as inhibiting rate of acetylsalicylic acid drugs [MA (AA)] ＞ 50％ by TEG.Results Among the total 391 patients on MHD,hypercoagulation was found in 18 patients (4.6％),nomal coagulation in 288 patients (73.7％) and hypocoagulation in 85 patients (21.7％).Pearson's correlation analysis revealed that the reaction time (R) and the thrombus maxithrombelastic degree (MA) values were not correlated with the levels of hemoglobin and platelet in MHD patients.A total of 306 patients with hypercoagulation and normal coagulation were chosen as the MHD group.Compared with the control group,higher high sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP),homocysteine (Hcy) and R value were observed in the MHD group (P ＜ 0.05),while MA was significantly lower in the MHD group.Statistically higher incidence of AR was shown in the MHD group (48.0％ vs 20.0％,P =0.00).Patients in the MHD group were divided into the AR group and the aspirin sensitive (AS) group by the result of TEG.Compared with the AS group,patients in the AR group were found to be older with a higher female/male ratio,longer dialysis sustained time,higher ratio of diabetes history,higher hsCRP,Hcy and fasting blood glucose (FBG) and MA.They also manifested a higher incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,peripheral vascular disease and arteriovenous fistulas with thrombosis with more spots of carotid artery and higher intima thickness of carotid artery (IMT) (all P values ＜0.05).Lower R value was shown in the AR group.Binary logistic regressive analysis revealed that the ratio of diabetes history,age and dialysis sustained time.Hcy and hsCRP were the independent risk factors for AR in patients on MHD.A total of 289 patients on MHD with atherosclerosis were followed up for the mean time of 18.0 months with no hemorrhage found in the process.Cox proportional hazards regression modeling demonstrated that AR was associated with the major adverse longterm outcome of the vascular events [HR =0.40,95 ％ CI 0.29-0.72,P =0.00].Conclusions The ratio of platetet activation in patients on MHD is significantly lower than in those with normal renal function.Small dose of aspirin could be prescribed for the patients on MHD with atherosclerosis to prevent vascular events.The incidence of AR is 48.0％ in the MHD group and the independent risk factors for AR in MHD patients are the ratio of diabetes history,age,dialysis sustained time,Hcy and hsCRP.AR is associated with the major adverse long-term outcome of acute vascular events.

Relationship of fasting plasma glucose with cardiovascular events in diabetic patients treated with maintenance hemodialysis / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective To investigate the potential contributing effects of fasting plasma glucose on cardiovascular events in diabetic patients treated with maintenance hemodialysis.Methods According to fasting plasma glucose,154 patients undergoing maintenance hemodialvsis in our department were assigned into group A (n =84) nondiabetic with normal fasting blood glucose,group B (n =41) diabetic with good control of fasting blood glucose,and group C (n =29) diabetic with poor control of fasting glucose.Anthropometric and laboratory data were collected,and the participants were followed up for 36 months.Cardiovascular events and hypoglycemia were recorded and analyzed.Results Highly-sensitive C reactive protein (hs-CRP),triglyceride,and waist circumference were significantly higher in group B and group C compared with group A.Bodv mass index in group C was the highest while high density lipoprotein-cholesterol and intact parathyroid hormone levels were the lowest among 3 groups (P＜0.05).During the 36 months follow-up,47 cases of cardiovascular events occurred.Kaplan-Meier curves showed that cumulative incidence of cardiovascular events was significantly higher in group C than group A and B (both P＜0.01),and no significant difference was found between group A and B.Cox regressive analysis revealed that fasting plasma glucose and hs-CRP were independant risk factors for cumulative incidence of cardiovascular events (P＜0.05 or P＜0.0l).Conclusions If fasting plasma glucose is contmlled within the range of 5.6 to 7.2 mmol/L,cardiovascular outcomes may be significantly ameliorated in diabetic patients treated with maintenance hemodialysis.

The relationship of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease and mortality in maintenance hemodialysis patients / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective To investigate the potential contributing effects of metabolic syndrome (MS) on cardiovascular events and mortality in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients.Methods According to the diagnostic criteria for MS set by Chinese Diabetes Society,201 subjects undergoing MHD were assigned into MS group(n =78) or non-MS group (n =123),in August 2009.General and laboratory data were collected for cross-sectional analyses,and the participants were followed up for 36 months.Cardiovascular events,cause of death and time were recorded for longitudinal analyses.Results Prevalence of MS was 38.8％.Weight,waist circumference,triglyceride,total cholesterol,low density lipoprotein,fasting glucose level,uric acid and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were significant higher in MS group compared to non-MS group,but duration of dialysis and high-density lipoprotein were lower (P ＜ 0.05).During the 36 months follow-up,cumulative incidence of cardiovascular events,cardiovascular and all-cause mortality were 41.0％ (32/78),19.2％ (15/78),28.2％ (22/78),in MS group respectively.Those of non-MS group were 22.8％ (28/123),10.6％ (13/123),17.1％ (21/123).There was significant difference between patients with and without MS in cumulative incidence of cardiovascular events (x2 =7.601,P =0.006).There was relationship between the number of metabolic syndrome parameters and cardiovascular events (r =0.236,P =0.001).Kaplan-Meier curves showed the relationship between two groups did not remained statistically significant in cardiovascular and all-cause mortality.Impaired glycometabolism in 5 parameters of MS was a cardiovascular mortality risk factor in MHD patients.Conclusions The prevalence of MS is high in MHD patients.MS is a risk factor of cardiovascular events,but it is not associated with cardiovascular and all-cause 3-year mortality in patients with MHD.

Association of depression with microinflammation, serum zinc level, and malnutrition in maintenance hemodialysis patients / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective To investigate the prevalence of depression in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Additionally,to explore the relationship between depression and microinflammation,serum zinc levels and malnutrition in MHI) patients.Methods One hundred fifty-seven MHD patients were enrolled in this study.The patients were divided into two groups:depressed patients and non-depressed patients,according to the Beck Depression Inventory.The following data were collected:social factors,biochemical index,serum zinc levels,malnutrition-inflammation (MIS) score and IPI score.Binary logistic regression analysis was performed.Results Symptoms of depression were exhibited by 45.2％ of MHD patients (71/157 ).Symptoms of moderate or severe depression were exhibited by 24.2 ％ of the patients ( 38/157 ).However,signicant differences were shown in age [( 62 ± 11 ) vs.( 50 ± 13 ) years old],MIS score [( 7.2 ± 2.2 ) vs.( 3.3 ± 1.6 ) scores],white blood cell count [( 6.4 ± 1.8 ) × 109/L vs.( 5.8 ±1.5) × 109/L],high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) [(9 ±6) vs.(4 ±4) mg/L],hemoglobin [(10.7±1.5) vs.(11.3±1.5) g/L],albumin[(33±4) vs.(37 ±3) g/L],fasting glucose [(6.7±3.5) vs.(5.6±2.1) mmol/L],serum zinc [(8.5±2.6) vs.(10.1 ±2.9) μmol/L] between depressed patients and non-depressed patients ( All P ＜ 0.05 ). Binary logistic regressive analysis revealed that the independent risk factors of depression in MHD patients were their MIS score ( OR =2.908,95％ CI =2.037 -4.151 ),as well as their hsCRP( OR =1.217,95％ CI=1.075 - 1.370),serum zinc and fasting glucose levels(OR=1.315,95％CI=1.039 - 1.664).Conclusions There was a high prevalence of depression in MHD patients.Depression is also highly correlated with microinflammation,serum zinc levels,and malnutrition.MIS scores,hsCRP,serum zinc levels and fasting glucose levels.

Pharmacokinetics of three phenolic acids of xiangdan injection in rats / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a HPLC method for the analysis of Danshensu (DSS), protocatechuic acid (PA) and protocatechuic aldehyde (PAL) of Xiangdan injection in rat's plasma, and to study pharmacokinetic characteristics of Xiangdan injection components in rats with m-hydroxybenzoic acid as internal standard.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>protein was precipitated by 10% trichloroacetic acid and extracted by ethyl acetate. The plasma concentration was detected by HPLC, The pharmacokinetics parameters of DSS, PA and PAL were calculated by DAS2.0 software after iv injection.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>DSS, PA and PAL have a good linear relationship in 0.68-44.0 mg x L(-1), 0.43-14.0 mg x L(-1) and 0.38-12.0 mg x L(-1), respectively. The average recoveries were more than 92% and the RSD of precision and stability of the test were between 0.4%-4.8%. DSS, PA and PAL showed a two-compartment open model, the half-life of absorption (t(1/2alpha)) were (6.26 +/- 4.6), (5.93 +/- 4.9), (18.44 +/- 2.4) min, the half-life of elimination (t(1/2beta)) were (64.11 +/- 8.8), (63.28 +/- 0.13), (69.315 +/- 0) min, the area under curve(AUC(0-infinity)) were (852.98 +/- 175.6), (83.84 +/- 58.8), (147.79 +/- 12.3) mg x min(-1) x L(-1).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A method with high recovery rate and good stability was established to determine the blood concentration of DSS, PA, PAL in Xiangdan injection and applied in its pharmacokinetics successfully.</p>

Analysis on risk factors for metabolic syndrome in patients with maintaining hemodialysis / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective To investigate prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its related factors in patients with maintaining hemodialysis (MHD). Methods A total of 162 cases on MHD in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital during June to December 2010, were enrolled in this study and divided into MS group and non-MS group according to the diagnostic criteria for MS set by the International Diabetes Federation. Anthropometric and blood biochemical characteristics of the two groups were compared with t-test and x2 test Risk factors for MS were explored with binary logistic regression analysis. Results Prevalence of MS was 40. 7% (66/162) . There was significant difference found in body mass index [(24. 2 ±3. 1) vs. (21. 6 ±2. 7) kg/m2], waistline circumference[(93 ±8) vs. (79 ±7)cm] , white blood cell count [(6. 8 ± 1. 5) × 109/L vs. (5. 6 ± 1. 4) × 109/L] , hypersensitive serum C-reactive protein [(7 ± 5)vs. (4 ±3) mg/L], high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol [(0. 99 ±0. 26)vs. (1.39 ±0.39) mmol/L], low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol [(2. 5 ± 0. 8) vs. ( 2. 1 ± 0. 7) mmol/L], triglyceride ( TG) [( 2. 1 ±1.1 )vs. (1.3±0.8) mmol/L], fasting blood glucose [(5.9±2. 7)vs. (4.8±1.3) mmol/L], serum level of iron [(16±7)vs. (13 ±5) μmol/L], uric acid [(429±114) vs. (388±88) (μmol/L], and carbon dioxide combining power (CO2CP) [(22 ±4)vs. (23 ±4) mmol/L]between MS group and non-MS group (All P 0.05). Binary logistic regressive analysis revealed that serum level of iron (OR = 1.058,95% CI = 1.001 -1. 119), white blood cell count ( OR = 1. 786,95% CI = 1. 346 - 2.371) and hypersensitive serum C-reactive protein (OR = 1. 101,95% CI = 1.010 - 1.201 ) were independent risk factors for MS in MHD patients. Conclusions Morbidity of MS is high in patients with MHD, involved with inflammation process. Serum level of iron, white blood cell count and hypersensitive serum C-reactive protein are independent risk factors for MS in patients with MHD and no inevitable connection between MS and nutritional status in them is found.

Effect of processing on metabolism of amygdalin from bitter almond in rat / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the influence of processing on metabolism of the main component of bitter almond-amygdalin in rat.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The blood was collected at different times after amygdalin given by injection and oral, bitter almond and its processed production given by oral respectively, and then detected by both HPLC and HPLC-MS(n) methods after extraction pretreatment.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>After injection, amygdalin was absorbed in prototype to blood rapidly, while the other three kinds of medicine given by oral were all not detected the prototype of amygdalin, but two metabolites were detected which were isomers of prunasin confirmed by mass spectrometry. The metabolic pathway of prunasin in processed bitter almond group was markedly different from the bitter almond group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Processing has a significant effect on bitter almond metabolic processes in rats.</p>

Germplasm resources of Polygala tenuifolia and determination of presenegenin in processing products / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To research the germplasm resources and the contents of senegenin in processing products of Polygala tenuifolia.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The contents of senegenin in wild Polygala tenuifolia and cultivated samples of Polygala tenuifolia were determined by RP-HPLC, and compared.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The contents of senegenin in wild reduce gradually along Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hebei to Dongbei. The contents of senegenin in cultivated three-year samples of three year Polygala tenuifolia from five main place was similar, 0.44%-0.49%. The content of senegenin were 0.44%-0.64% in the wand and 0.03%-0.09% in the residual part of stem, and the content of senegenin in Polygala tenuifolia was more than that in processing products.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There is a correlation between the content of senegenin in Polygala tenuifolia and ecology environment that show a is inverse proportion with the quality grade, and the contents in the processing products were decreased. Senegenin can be used as a characteristic marker in range. This research provides a reference for search a index for quality control of Radix polygala and its processing products.</p>

Effect of Santalum album on tissue distribution of danshensu in rabbits by HPLC / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the influence of Shi herb (Santalum album, SA) to the tissue distribution of danshensu (DSS) which is the main hydrosoluble component of Jun herb (Salvia miltiorrhiza, SM) in rabbits by HPLC.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Rabbits were oral administrated decoction of SM and SM-SA, respectively. Perchloric acid (10%) was used to precipitate the tissue samples of rabbits heart, brain, liver, kidney, acetic ether was used to extracte supernatant, and the internal standard was p-hydroxybenzoic acid. The content of DSS of SM in tissues was detected.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The content of DSS reached the highest point close to 50 min in the mentioned tissues. Before and after co-administration, the sequences of average concentration of DSS in tissues were C(kidney) > C(heart) > C(brain) > C(liver) and C(kidney) > C(liver) > C(brain) > C(heart) respectively. Compared with SM administrated singly, the content of DSS in every tissues of co-administration was higher.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In Danshenyin Formulae, SA can increase concentration of DSS in target tissues significantly, and therefore therapeutic effect of SM for cardiovascular disease is raised.</p>

The influence of hemoperfusion on restless legs syndrome and sleep quality in elderly maintenance hemodialysis patients / 中华老年医学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the prevalence and influencing factors of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in elderly maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients, to analyze the relationship between RLS and sleep quality, and to observe the efficacy and safety of hemoperfusion in improving RLS and sleep quality in elderly MHD patients with RLS. MethodsA total of 118 cases with maintenance bemodialysis were involved in this study. The RLS was diagnosed according to the criteria of the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG). The subjects' quality of sleep was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The elderly MHD patients with RLS received hemoperfusion once a week for 3 months. The clinical and biochemical indexes were collected including age, gender, duration of hemodialysis, pre-dialysis blood concentrations of creatinine, hemoglobin, parathyroid hormone, β2-microglobulin, etc. T test, X2 test and binary logistic regression analysis were performed. ResultsRLS prevalence was found in 26.27% (11 men, 20 women, the ratio was 0. 55 : 1) of 118 elderly MHD patients. The duration of hemodialysis,sex ratio (female/male), the level of serum phosphorus, β2-microglobulin and parathyroid hormone in elderly MHD patients with RLS were significantly higher than those in elderly MHD patients withoutRLS (t=2. 332,X2=15. 343,t=4. 784,13. 124,10. 900;all P<0. 05). And there were no significant differences in age, dry weight, material of dialyzer membrane, and levels of serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, hemoglobin, hematocrit, calcium, ferritin and transferrin saturation between patients with RLS and without RLS(t=0. 341,0. 008, 1. 055,0. 051,0. 899,0. 912,0. 601,0. 192,0. 200,1. 094;all P>0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that serum parathyroid hormone and β2-microglobulinwere the important risk factors for RLS in elderly MHD patients. PSQI was higher in RLS group than in non-RLS group[(10. 7±2.7) vs. (4.9±2.5), t=10. 948,P=0. 000] . The manifestations of poor sleep were poor indexes of subjective sleep quality, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency and daytime dysfunction in MHD patients with RLS. And the RLS severity was correlated with PSQI (r=0. 839,P<0. 05). After the treatment with hemoperfusion, the level of serum phosphorus, serum parathyroid hormone, serum β2-microglobulin, RLS severity score and PSQI were significantly decreased in RLS patients compared with pre-hemoperfusion. The vital sign of RLS patients were stable during hemoperfusion, and there were no adverse events after the treatment with hemoperfusion. ConclusionsThe prevalence of RLS is high, and poor sleep quality is found in elderly MHD patients with RLS. Serum parathyroid hormone and β2-microglobulin are the important risk factors for RLS in elderly MHD patients. Hemoperfusion can effectively improve the RLS and sleep quality and is well tolerated.

Effects of borneol on pharmacokinetics of protocatechuic acid in rabbits / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of borneol on the pharmacokinetics of protocatechuic acid (PA) in rabbits.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>A method for determinating PA in rabbit plasma by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was established. The 12 healthy New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 2 groups. PA concentration in plasma samples of rabbits was determined by HPLC after oral administration of PA (30 mg x kg(-1)) and PA combined with borneol (protocatechuic acid 30 mg x kg(-1) + borneol 15 mg x kg(-1)). The data were processed by DAS 2.0 software to calculate the pharmacokinetic parametes.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Chromatographic peaks were separated well by the HPLC method. Regression analysis of the data of PA concentration against its peak area showed a good straight line in the range of 0.04-2.0 mg x L(-1) (r = 0.9983). In comparison with PA alone, the pharmacokinetics parameters of PA (t1/2Ka, T(max), V1/F, CL/F) in the PA + borneol combination group were decreased, while the AUC(0-infinity) was increased.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Borneol could significantly promote absorption, increase the dose absorption and slow elimination of PA in rabbits. Borneol could improve the bioavailability of PA.</p>

Venous thrombosis around internal jugular venous indwelling catheter in hemodialysis patients / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective To investigate the prevalence, characteristics and risk factors of superior vena cava and auxiliary branchs thrombosis in hemodialysis patients with internal jugular venous indwelling catheter. Methods A total of 43 cases on hemodialysis (HD) with indwelling short-term catheter in internal jugular vein from June to December in 2007 were enrolled in this study. The clinical data and biochemical indicators were collected to investigate the prevalence, characteristics and risk factors of venous thrombosis around indwelling catheter, such as, superior vena cava and auxiliary branehs in these patients. Results Short-term double Iumen internal jugular venous catheter were placed in 43 HD patients. Different degrees of central vein thrombosis were found in 21 of the 43 HD patients (48.8%). The ratio of thrombosis in jugular vein, brachiocephalic vein, subclavical vein and uperior vena cava was 100% (21/21), 28.6% (6/21), 23.8%(5/21) and 19.0%(4/21), respectively. Ten of the 21 HD patients (47.6%) with central vein thrombosis presented clinical symptoms. Five cases developed edema of the upper extremity, 2 cases had new-onset symptom's pulmonary embolism, and 3 eases developed blood overflowed from inlet port of circum-catheter. The ratio of diabetes mellitus, malignant tumor, the prevalence of increased level of serum lipoprotein a and plasma homocysteic acid were significantly higher in the HD patients with central vein thrombosis than that in those without central vein thrombosis. The odds ratio of diabetes mellitus, malignant tumor, high serum lipoprotein a and high plasma homocysteic acid was 5.758, 4.750, 6.967 and 8.533, respectively. Conclusions The prevalence of central vein thrombosis in HD patients with short-term indwelling catheter in internal jugular vein is quite high. Its clinical symptom is insidious but dangerous. Diabetes mellitus, malignant tumor, high serum lipoprotein a and high plasma homocysteic acid may be the important risk factors of central vein thrombosis in above HD patients.

Metabolic fingerprint and profile analysis of compound Danshen dripping pills by CS-HPLC-ESI-MSn / 中国药科大学学报

Aim: To establish the metabolic fingerprint and profile of bioactive components in human plasma after sublingual administration of compound Danshen dripping pills. Methods: Human plasma samples were collected at different time intervals. Powerlab tension system was used to measure their ability of expanding blood vessel and column switching system was employed to purify and enrich the components of interest. Results: The plasma sample of 1.5h had the strongest ability for expanding blood vessel, and had five new peaks in the chromatogram. Conclusion: After being identified, the intensity ratio of these 5 peaks was calculated. The diagram called metabolic profile was established to link bioactive compounds with pharmacodynamic action.

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Intravenous Famotidine in Healthy Volunteers / 第二军医大学学报

The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of famotidine were investigated in 10 healthy male volunteers after single intravenous administration of 20 mg. The blood drug levels were determined by a high performance liquid chromatography. The 1gC of famotidine in plasma vs time curve were found to be twcncompartment open model in healthy volunteers. The terminal half-life averaged 3.16h; the total distribution volume 99.40L; the total plasma clearance 392.12ml/min; the area under the plasma concentration curve 1057.45 h?ng/ml. A mathematic equation describing the whole course of blood drug levels in relation to inhibitory effects on intragastric acid output is as follows: E= 100?C2.60/(C2.60+14.712.60). The constant 14.71 is EC50 (ng/ml), the blood drug concentration producing 50% of maximal pharmacological effects. Prediction of pharmacodynamic effects from blood drug level and vice versa becomes possible by using the mathematic equation.