Advances in tumor regression patterns and safe distance of distal resection margin after neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Neoadjuvant therapy has been widely applied in the treatment of rectal cancer, which can shrink tumor size, lower tumor staging and improve the prognosis. It has been the standard preoperative treatment for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. The efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer patients varies between individuals, and the results of tumor regression are obviously different. Some patients with good tumor regression even achieve pathological complete response (pCR). Tumor regression is of great significance for the selection of surgical regimes and the determination of distal resection margin. However, few studies focus on tumor regression patterns. Controversies on the safe distance of distal resection margin after neoadjuvant treatment still exist. Therefore, based on the current research progress, this review summarized the main tumor regression patterns after neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer, and classified them into three types: tumor shrinkage, tumor fragmentation, and mucin pool formation. And macroscopic regression and microscopic regression of tumors were compared to describe the phenomenon of non-synchronous regression. Then, the safety of non-surgical treatment for patients with clinical complete response (cCR) was analyzed to elaborate the necessity of surgical treatment. Finally, the review studied the safe surgical resection range to explore the safe distance of distal resection margin.

A cross-sectional investigation and analysis of early treatment of partial-thickness burn wounds by professional burn medical staff in China / 中华烧伤杂志

Objective: To assess the current situation of early treatment of partial-thickness burn wounds by professional burn medical staff in China, and to further promote the standardized early clinical treatment of partial-thickness burn wounds. Methods: A cross-sectional investigation was conducted. From November 2020 to February 2021, the self-designed questionnaire for the early treatment of partial-thickness burn wounds was published through the "questionnaire star" website and shared through WeChat to conduct a convenient sampling survey of domestic medical staff engaged in burn specialty who met the inclusion criteria. The number, region, and grade of the affiliated hospital, the age, gender, occupation, and seniority of the respondents were recorded. The respondents were divided into physician group and nurse group, senior group and junior group, eastern region group and non-eastern region group, primary and secondary hospital group and tertiary hospital group. Then the seniority, grade of the affiliated hospital, region of the affiliated hospital of the respondents in physician group and nurse group, conventional treatment of partial-thickness burn blisters, reasons for retaining vesicular skin, reasons for removing vesicular skin, and the conventional selection and optimal solution recommendation of topical drugs or dressings for partial-thickness burn wounds in the early stage of respondents in each of all the groups were recorded. Data were statistically analyzed with chi-square test. Results: The survey covered 31 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in China (except for Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan regions). A total of 979 questionnaires were recovered, which were all valid. The 979 respondents came from 449 hospitals across the country, including 203 hospitals in the eastern region, 116 hospitals in the western region, 99 hospitals in the central region, and 31 hospitals in the northeast region, 348 tertiary hospitals, 79 secondary hospitals, and 22 primary hospitals. The age of the respondents was (39±10) years. There were 543 males and 436 females, 656 physicians and 323 nurses, 473 juniors and 506 seniors, 460 in the eastern regions and 519 in the non-eastern regions, 818 in tertiary hospitals and 161 in primary and secondary hospitals. There were statistically significant differences in the composition of different seniority in the respondents between physician group and nurse group (χ2=44.32, P<0.01), while there were no statistically significant differences in grade or region of the affiliated hospital of the respondents between physician group and nurse group (P>0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the conventional treatment of partial-thickness burn blisters among respondents between different occupational groups, seniority groups, and region of the affiliated hospital groups (P>0.05).The respondents in different grade of the affiliated hospital groups differed significantly in the conventional treatment of partial-thickness burn blisters (χ2=6.24, P<0.05). Compared with respondents in nurse group, larger percentage of respondents in physician group chose to retain vesicular skin for protecting the wounds and providing a moist environment, and alleviating the pain of dressing change (with χ2 values of 21.22 and 19.96, respectively, P values below 0.01), and smaller percentage of respondents in physician group chose to retain vesicular skin for prevention of wound infection (χ2=23.55, P<0.01). The reasons for retaining vesicular skin of respondents between physician group and nurse group were similar in accelerating wound healing, alleviating pigmentation and scar hyperplasia post wound healing (P>0.05). Compared with respondents in junior group, larger percentage of respondents in senior group chose to retain vesicular skin for protecting the wounds and providing a moist environment and alleviating the pain of dressing change (with χ2 values of 10.36 and 4.60, respectively, P<0.05 or P<0.01), and smaller percentage of respondents in senior group chose to retain vesicular skin for prevention of wound infection (χ2=8.20, P<0.01). The reasons for retaining vesicular skin of respondents in senior group and junior group were similar in accelerating wound healing, alleviating pigmentation and scar hyperplasia post wound healing (P>0.05). The 5 reasons for the respondents between eastern region group and non-eastern region group, primary and secondary hospital group and tertiary hospital group chose to retain vesicular skin were all similar (P>0.05). Compared with those in physician group, significantly higher percentage of respondents in nurse group were in favor of the following 6 reasons for removing the vesicular skin, including convenience for using more ideal dressings to protect the wounds, prevention of wound infection, facilitating the effect of topical drugs on the wounds, the likely rupture of blisters and wound contamination, accelerating wound healing, and alleviating pigmentation and scar hyperplasia post wound healing (with χ2 values of 4.35, 25.59, 11.83, 16.76, 46.31, and 17.54, respectively, P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with respondents in senior group, larger percentage of respondents in junior group chose to remove vesicular skin for the reasons such as the likely blister rupture and wound contamination, preventing wound infection, accelerating wound healing, and alleviating pigmentation and scar hyperplasia post wound healing (with χ2 values of 17.25, 18.63, 14.83, and 10.23, respectively, P values below 0.01). Compared with respondents in non-eastern region group, larger percentage of respondents in eastern region group chose to remove vesicular skin for preventing wound infection and the likely rupture of blisters and wound contamination (with χ2 values of 9.30 and 8.65, respectively, P values below 0.01). The 6 reasons for the respondents between tertiary hospital group and primary and secondary hospital group choose to remove vesicular skin were similar (P>0.05). Compared with respondents in physician group, larger percentage of respondents in nurse group chose to use moisturizing materials for partial-thickness burn wounds in the early stage (χ2=6.18, P<0.05), and smaller percentage of respondents in nurse group chose other topical drugs or dressings (χ2=5.20, P<0.05). Compared with respondents in junior group, larger percentage of respondents in senior group chose to use moisturizing materials and other topical drugs or dressings for partial-thickness burn wounds in the early stage (with χ2 values of 4.97 and 21.80, respectively, P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with respondents in non-eastern region group, larger percentage of respondents in eastern region group chose to use topical antimicrobial drugs for partial-thickness burn wounds in the early stage (χ2=4.09, P<0.05), and smaller percentage of respondents in eastern region group chose to use other topical drugs or dressings for the partial-thickness burn wounds in the early stage (χ2=5.63, P<0.05). Compared with respondents in primary and secondary hospital group, larger percentage of respondents in tertiary hospital group chose to use biological dressings for partial-thickness burn wounds in the early stage (χ2=9.38, P<0.01). The optimal solution recommendation of topical drugs or dressings for partial-thickness burn wounds in the early stage varied significantly among the respondents between different occupational groups and seniority groups (with χ2 values of 39.58 and 19.93, respectively, P values below 0.01). There were no statistically significant differences between eastern and non-eastern region groups, tertiary hospital group and primary and secondary hospital groups in optimal solution recommendation of topical drugs or dressings for partial-thickness burn wounds in the early stage (P>0.05). Conclusions: The conventional treatment measures of partial-thickness burn blisters and reasons for preserving blister skin by professional burn medical staff in China are relatively consistent, but there are great differences in the selection of reasons for removing blister skin, the conventional selection and optimal solution recommendation of topical drugs or dressings for partial-thickness burn wounds in the early stage. Therefore, it is urgent to establish a clinical treatment standard for partial-thickness burn wounds.

Structures Characteristics and Bioactivity of Polysaccharide CALB-2 from Aurantii Fructus / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To isolate and purify a polysaccharide CALB-2 fraction from Aurantii Fructus，and analyze its basic chemical structure, morphological characteristics and bioactivity. Method:A refined CALB-2 was obtained from Aurantii Fructus by hot water extraction，then separated and purified by ion exchange resin，ion exchange agarose gel and propylene dextran gel to obtain homogeneous polysaccharide CALB-2. The molecular mass of CALB-2 was determined by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. Monosaccharide composition analysis of CALB-2 was conducted by methylation analysis and Smith degradation. Structural analysis and morphological characterization were conducted by infrared scanning （IR） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） analysis. Antioxidant activity of CALB-2 was studied by using H2O2-induced cardiomyocyte oxidative damage model. Result:CALB-2 was a homogeneous polysaccharide and the molecular weight of CALB-2 was estimated to be 3.57×107 Da，which was proved to be a kind of highly branched acidic polysaccharides in IR analysis, methylation analysis and Smith degradation, mainly present in form of 1→3，4 bonds. Through SEM observations，we indicated that the molecular morphology of CALB-2 was amorphous solid. The in vitro activity test showed that CALB-2 had obvious protective effects on injury of H9c2 myocardial cells induced by H2O2. Conclusion:CALB-2 is a kind of homogeneous polysaccharide extracted from Aurantii Fructus， with an anti-cardiomyocyte oxidative damage effect, laying a theoretical foundation for further study of Aurantii Fructus polysaccharides．

Autologous platelet-rich plasma combined with bone grafting in inducing membrane technology / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To compare clinical efficacy of autologous platelet-rich plasma combined with bone grafting and bone grafting in repairing bone defects on the second phase of induced membrane.@*METHODS@#From January 2013 to September 2017, clinical data of 35 patients with bone defects treated by induced membrane technique were retrospectively analyzed. According to different surgical methods, the patients were divided into two groups. In group A, there were 18 patients, including 11 males and 7 females, aged from 17 to 61 years old with an average of(40.4±13.4) years old, the length of bone defect ranged from 3.6 to 18.0 cm with an average of (9.5±4.4) cm; and treated with platelet-rich plasma combined on the second-stage operation. In group B, there were 17 patients, including 11 males and 6 females, aged from 21 to 56 years old with an average of(43.1±12.3) years old, the length of bone defect ranged from 3.1 to 16.3 cm with an average of (9.1±3.7) cm; and treated with simple bone grafting. Operation time, amount of intraoperative blood loss, fracture healing time, the number of bone healing, the number of infection, and the number of complications were compared between two groups.@*RESULTS@#All patients were followed up for 13 to 39 months with an average of(21.3±1.2) months. Operation time and blood loss in group A was(76.11±25.00) min, (78.89±14.91) ml, and in group B was (65.29±29.66) min, (79.41±20.45) ml; there were no statistical difference between two groups(>0.05). According to imaging results, clinical healing time of bone in group A was (28.78±9.40) weeks, (36.17±9.68) weeks in group B, and had difference between two groups (=2.294, =0.028); there was no statistical difference in numbers of fracture healing between group A (17 cases) and group B (14 cases) (χ²=0.430, =0.512). One patient in group A occurred infection and 6 patients in group B occurred infection, and had statistical difference between two groups (χ²=4.833, =0.028). Two patients in group A occurred complications and 9 patients in group B occurred complications, which had difference between two groups (χ²=7.098, =0.008).@*CONCLUSIONS@#In the induction membrane technique, autologous platelet-rich plasma combined with bone grafting has obvious advantages in treating bone defects, shortening fracture healing time and reducing incidence of complications.

Clinical effect of arthroscopy-assisted minimally invasive management of bunion / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of arthroscopy-assisted minimally invasive management of bunion and hallux valgus deformities.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Total 50 patients (53 feet) with bunion and hallux valgus deformities were treated under arthroscopy from July 2008 to July 2011, with an average age of 42.3 years old (ranging from 30 to 65 years old) involving 19 left feet, 28 right feet and 3 both feet. The American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) hallux metatarsophalangeal-interphalangeal(MP-IP) Scale Score was used to evaluate the therapeutic effect.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were no complications such as hallux varus, hallux rigid and nerve or blood vessel injury. Clinically, AOFAS MP-IP Scale Score was increased from 62.19 ± 6.01 preoperatively to 88.26 ± 6.81 postoperatively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Arthroscopy-assisted minimally invasive management appears to be a good procedure with advantages of less complication, little trauma and early rehabilitation for bunion and hallux valugs deformities.</p>

Clinical observation of arthroscopic debridement for acute gouty arthritis of the ankle / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effects of arthroscopic debridement for acute gouty arthritis of the ankle.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-one patients with acute gouty arthritis of the ankle were treated under arthroscopy from January 2010 to June 2012. All the patients were male, age in ranging from 28 to 69 years with an average of 43 years. Eighteen patients were in the left ankles and 23 in the right ankles; 12 cases were firstly attack and 29 cases were recurrent attack. Course of disease was from 2 weeks to 30 months. The American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle-Hindfoot Scale score was used to evaluate the clinical effects. Number of acute attacks of gouty arthritis were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients were followed up at least 12 months. The mean AOFAS Ankle-Hindfoot Scale score increased from 58.44 +/- 9.45 preoperatively to 86.15 +/- 7.36, 83.41 +/- 9.22, 84.10 +/- 8.22 postoperatively at 6, 12, months and the last follow-up respectively. Swelling of the ankle were improved significantly, pain was relieved and the mean number of acute attacks of gouty arthritis decreased significantly.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Arthroscopy is helpful for the diagnosis of acute gouty arthritis of the ankle and improvement of clinical symptoms and ankle function.</p>

Advance on genetic mechanism of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and genetic relationship map / 中国骨伤

Identification of genetic risk factors is the hotspot of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Through candidate gene approach and genome-wide association studies (GWAS), some genes were preliminary identified. To review AIS related genes,and construct the gene network map of AIS gene. We searched on NCBI PubMed and Web of Science database using search terms "adolescent idiopathic scoliosis" and "gene", to classify induction genes. We then constructed gene diagram using string-db. We found 35 AIS genes relating to connective tissue, nervous system active substances, melatonin synthesis and metabolism, puberty and growth, and genes whose function is unknown. Gene diagram shows that a network relationship between gene and other genes,in which IL6, ESR1, ESR2, VDR, TGFB1, IGF1 gene may as the key gene about AIS' genetic mechanism. Two sites of 3 GWAS results outside the network, it is suggesting new pathway that need to be explored. The study about AIS susceptibility gene is still preliminary, requiring in-depth research to identify the new networks.

Study on quantitative methods of cleistocalycis operculati cortex / 中国中药杂志

Cleistocalycis Operculati Cortex is the dry bark of Cleistocalyx operculatus. It is the raw material of Compound Hibiscuse which is external sterilization antipruritic drugs. The quality standard of Cleistocalycis Operculati Cortex in Guangdong Province "standard for the traditional Chinese medicine" (second volumes) only contains TLC identification. It is unable to effectively monitor and control the quality of Cleistocalycis Operculati Cortex. A reversed-phase HPLC method was established for the determination of 3, 3'-O-dimethylellagic acid from Cleistocalycis Operculati Cortex and the content was calculated by external standard method for the first time. Under the selected chromatographic conditions, the target components between peaks to achieve effective separation. 3,3'-O- dimethylellagic acid standard solution at the concentration of 1.00 - 25.0 mg x L(-1) showed a good linear relationship. The standard curve was Y = 77.33X + 7.904, r = 0.999 5. The average recovery was 101.0%, RSD was 1.3%. The HPLC method for the determination of 3,3'-O-dimethylellagic acid in Cleistocalycis Operculati Cortex is accurate and reliable. It can provide a strong technical support for monitoring the quality of Cleistocalycis Operculati Cortex.

Arthroscopic reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament with preservation of the remnant bundle / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate clinical effects of arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with preservation of the remnant bundle.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2002 to December 2009, 57 patients with ACL partial rupture were treated with preservation of the remnant bundle. There were 39 males and 18 females, with an average age of 28.5 years old (ranged, 16 to 49 years old). Thirty-three patients had injuries in the left knees,and 24 patients had injuries in the right knees. Forty patients had injuries caused by sports, 7 patients had injuries caused by traffic accidents and 10 patients had injuries caused by daily sprain. The anterior drawer test showed positive results in 23 patients, weakly positive results in 6 cases; Lachman test showed positive results in 19 patients, and weakly positive in 4 patients. Both anterior drawer test and Lachman test showed positive results in 5 patients; and valgus stress test (medial) showed positive results in 24 patients. The mean value of Rolimeter measurement was 8.7 mm, (ranged, 7.5 to 11.5 mm). The mean International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score was 70.0 +/- 7.5 and the Lysholm score was 68.0 +/- 6.3. The duration from injury to surgery was 1 week to 12 months,with an average of 3.1 months.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 32 patients treated with anteromedial bundle reconstruction and 25 patients treated with poterolateral bundle reconstruction. Fifty-seven patients were followed up, and the mean follow-up time was 22.5 months (ranged, 13 to 37 months). The anterior drawer test and Lachman test were all negative at 1 month post-operation. At the end of the follow-up, the range of motion of all the knees was 120 to 130 degree. There were 54 patients with negative results of anterior drawer test and Lachman test, 1 with weakly positive result of anterior drawer test and 2 with weakly positive results of Lachman test. The measurements of Rolimeter showed excellent stability of the knee. The mean IKDC score was 92.0 +/- 4.9 and the mean Lysholm score was 91.0 +/- 3.7, which all improved compared to preoperative scores.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Arthroscopic reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament with preservation of the remnant bundle has satisfactory effects on the knee stability, which could increase the angiogenesis and collagen of the ACL and improve the proprioception of the knee.</p>

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with tendon graft enveloped by preserved remnants / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the curative effect of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with tendon graft enveloped by preserved remnants.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From June 2009 to June 2011,76 patients with ACL injury were treated, and the ACL was reconstructed with tendon graft enveloped by preserved remnants. There were 59 males and 17 females, aged 15 to 46 years with an average of 29 years. The causes of injuries included sports in 32 cases, training in 20 cases, traffic accidents in 16 cases, and other reasons in 8 cases. The average disease duration was 3 weeks (2 to 5 weeks). The results of Lachman test was positive in 72 cases and anterior drawer test were positive in 76 cases. The preoperative IKDC score was 45.9 +/- 3.6. The preoperative Lysholm knee score was 54.3 +/- 4.5.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All incisions got an one stage healing, and no early complications occurred. Sixty-nine cases were followed up, and the duration ranged from 17 to 31 months (mean, 23 months). The result of Lachman test was negative at the latest follow-up. At the latest follow-up, the degree of IKDC was A in 36 cases, B in 30 cases, C in 3 cases, no one in degree D. The postoperative IKDC score was 91.5 +/- 3.4, showing significant difference compared with preoperative score. The postoperative Lysholm score was 92.4 +/- 3.8, showing a significant difference compared with preoperative score.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The clinical effect of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with tendon graft enveloped by preserved remnants is satisfactory.</p>

Arthroscopic treatment of painful heel syndrome with radio-frequency / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate therapy effect of radiofrequency in the treatment of painful heel syndrome under arthroscopy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2006 to December 2011, 13 patients with painful heel syndrome being admitted into our hospital were studied. There were 5 males and 8 femals, ranging in age from 35 to 68 years. All these surgeries were performed under local anesthesia. After constructing a man-made lacouna in the subcutaneous tissue above plantar fascia, a medial and a lateral portal were established on both sides of plantar fascia and at the anterior edge of calcaneal tuberosity. Hyperplasia and torn fiber tissue of plantar fascia, and plantar calcaneal bursa were removed with radiofrequency probe under arthroscopy. Then penetration of the plantar fascia was carried out in a reticulation-shaped pattern with a special radiofrequency probe TOPAZ. Each patient was assessed with VAS pain evaluation criteria and AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score system (AOFAS-AH) before and after operation. All the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 6 to 12 months.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the 13 patients got excellent recovery with their heel pain relieved significantly. VAS score was 8.71 +/- 1.64 before operation, 6.27 +/- 2.53 at the 1st month after operation, and 2.30 +/- 2.69 at the 6th month after operation. AOFAS-AH score was 56.43 +/- 3.72 preoperation, 68.15 +/- 7.38 at 1st month post operation, and 84.51 +/- 2.93 at 6th month after operation. There were no perioperative and postoperative complications related to the procedure, such as blood vessel and nerve injury, and infection.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Plantar fasciitis and plantar calcaneal bursitis are main factors of painful heel syndrome. Due to advantages of being easy to operate, having definite effect and no use to do spur removal or plantar fasciotomy. Endoscopy assisted plantar calcaneal bursa removal and plantar fascia penetration by radiofrequency technique can be a satisfactory treatment method for painful heel syndrome.</p>

Clinical classification of gluteal muscle contracture under arthroscopy / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore clinical effects of gluteal muscle contracture and minimum invasive surgery under the arthroscopy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 358 patients with gluteus contracture were treated,which included 175 males and 183 females with an average age of (19.7 +/- 6.8) years old (ranged, 14 to 41). All patients have a history of repetitive intramuscular injection of penicillin with benzyl alcohol solvent. According to clinical characteristics and intraoperative situation, patients were classified into four groups:cable strip (118 cases), fanshaped (107 cases), mixed (87 cases), tensor fasciae latae contracture(46 cases). The curative effects were evaluated according to postoperative function evaluation standard of gluteus contracture.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were followed up and 37 cases withdrew. The following up time ranged from 1.5 to 8 years with an average of 3.5 years. According to evaluation standard of gluteus contracture, 303 cases got excellent results, 13 cases good,and 5 cases fair at the final follow-up. No recurrence, infection and neurovascular injury occurred.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The classification of gluteal muscle contracture is beneficial for choose surgical strategy and improve curative effect. The advantage of plasma knife minimally invasive solution in treating gluteal muscle contracture with radiofrequency under arthroscopy is minimally invasive, safe, and benefit for early functional exercises.</p>

Analysis of quality variation and genetic diversity of Desmodium styracifolium from different provenances / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the quality variation and genetic diversity of Desmodium styracifolium from different provenances, and lay a foundation for rational exploitation on germplasm resources and fine variety breeding of D. styracifolium.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were developed to analyze genetic diversity in D. styracifolium from 18 resources. NTSYSpc-2. 11F software was used to analyze the similarity among the D. styracifolium germplasms and construct the genetic phylogenetic tree. The schaftoside content in D. styracifolium from different provenances was determined by HPLC.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>A total of 844 fragments were amplified with 8 primers, in which 717 were polymorphic bands, accounting for 84. 27% of the total detected variation. All the specimens from 18 resources could be grouped into 3 clusters by cluster analysis. The schaftoside contents of D. styracifolium germplasms differed significantly, with the highest content in the germplasm from Sanya, Hainan.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Significant quality variation and genetic diversity can be observed among D. styracifolium germplasms. The diverse germplasm resources should be explored and the fine variety should be selected to breed.</p>

Test-retest reliability of Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire in nurses / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the test-retest reliability of Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire in nurses and to provide supplementary data for evaluating the reliability of the questionnaire in different occupational populations.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was translated into Chinese according to the Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. We carried out a study to examine the reliability of Chinese-version Nordic Questionnaire among Chinese nurses. This study was conducted in 120 nurses recruited from our hospital, who underwent questionnaire survey twice within one week. The test-retest reliability of questionnaire was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The Chinese-version Nordic Questionnaire showed a high test-retest reliability, with a Kappa coefficient of 0.72∼1.00.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The Chinese-version Nordic Questionnaire has a high test-retest reliability in nurses, so it can be used for the screening and epidemiological investigation of musculoskeletal disorders in this population.</p>

Association between mannose-binding-lectin gene and type 2 diabetic patients in Chinese population living in the northern areas of China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate whether the mannose-binding-lectin 2 (MBL2) gene was associated with type 2 diabetes in the populations living the northern part of China. Methods The study involved 318 type 2 diabetic patients and 448 normoglycemic controls. The variances of rs1800450, rs1800451 and rs11003125 were determined by the Multiplex SNaPshot method. Fasting blood-glucose, triglyceride and total cholesterol were also measured. All of these results were analyzed by logistic regression method. Linkage disequilibrium and Haplotype measures were computed in all samples using Haploview. Results There seemed no mutation on rs 1800451 while the rs 1800450 and rs11003125 polymorphism was consistent with Hardy-Weinberg expectations in both the case and the control groups. Genotypes and allele frequencies of rs1800450 as well as rs11003125 were observed (P=0.006, P=0.003) and (P=0.010, P=0.004), respectively. Data from logistic regression analysis revealed that factors as overweight, abdominal obesity, hypercholesterolemia, GG genotype frequencies of Exonl rs1800450 polymorphism as well as (GC + CC) genotype frequencies of rs11003125 polymorphism in MBL2 conferred increased risks for type 2 diabetes. Haplotype analyses of the two SNPs (rs1800450, rs11003125) revealed similar effects as compared with the single SNP associations. Only haplotype constructed from GC alleles conferred increased trends for type 2 diabetes (OR=2.21, 95％ CI: 1.47-3.33, P=0.000). Conclusion Our result suggested that the Exonl rs1800450 polymorphism and promoter region rs11003125 polymorphism in MBL2 gene were both associated with type 2 diabetes in the Chinese population living in the northern areas of China. The G allele of rs 1800450 and C allele of rs 11003125 might be the risk factors of type 2 diabetes.

Modulating effects of chlorogenic acid on lipids and glucose metabolism and expression of hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha in golden hamsters fed on high fat diet / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine the effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA) on lipid and glucose metabolism under a high dietary fat burden and to explore the possible role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-alpha) in these effects.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty male golden hamsters were randomly divided into CGA treatment group (n=10, given peritoneal injection of CGA solution prepared with PBS, 80 mg CGA/kg body weight daily), and control group (n=10, given PBS i.p. at the average volume of the treatment group). Animals in both groups were given 15% high fat diet. Eight weeks after treatment with CGA, the level of biochemical parameters in fasting serum and tissues and the expression of hepatic mRNA and protein PPAR-alpha were determined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Eight weeks after treatment with CGA, the levels of fasting serum triglyceride (TG), free fatty acid (FFA), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), glucose (FSG), and insulin (FSI) were significantly lower in the GGA treatment group than in the control group. CGA also led to higher activity of hepatic lipase (HL), lower contents of TG and FFA in liver, and lower activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, CGA significantly elevated significantly elevated the expression level of mRNA and protein expression in hepatic PPAR-alpha.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CGA can modify lipids and glucose metabolism, which may be attributed to PPAR-alpha facilitated lipid clearance in liver and improved insulin sensitivity.</p>

Excretion of beta-elemene from rat respiratory tracts / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To investigate the excretion of beta-elemene from the respiratory tracts in male Spraque-Dawley rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>After a single administration of beta-elemene to rats at the dosage of 75 mg x kg(-1) (i.v. or i.p.), the exhaled gases were collected and concentrated at various time points. The residues were analyzed by gas chromatography.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A minor amount of unchanged beta-elemene was excreted via rat respiratory tracts after iv and ip administration of a single dose. The cumulative excretion were 1.41% and 0.51% respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results demonstrated that unchanged beta-elemene excretes from rat respiratory tracts, but may not be the main elimination pathway in rats.</p>