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Objective:To establish the ecological health evaluation indicator system of college English classroom.Methods:The ecological health evaluation indicator system of college English classroom was formed through the combination of literature study and teaching practice, and a questionnaire was developed from it after several revisions. The improved Delphi method was conducted twice among the chosen experts. The evaluation indicators were chosen and revised according to the results of the consultations. SPSS 20.0 was used for statistical analysis.Results:The enthusiasm coefficients of experts in the two rounds' consultations were 83% and 100% respectively; their authority coefficients were 0.79 and 0.82 respectively; the coordination coefficients Kendall's W of experts' opinions of the importance of the indicators were 0.255 and 0.203 respectively ( P < 0.05). The revised indicator system included 5 first-class, 17 second-class and 48 third-class indicators. Conclusion:The ecological health evaluation indicator system of college English classroom established by this research is relatively scientific and valid, which may provide a method for College English teachers to diagnose the health state of their College English classroom ecology.
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Objective]To investigate the roles of IL-4 activated macrophages on Hela cells migration and invasion and the underlying mechanism.[Methods]The phenotype of IL-4 activated macrophage was assayed by morphology ,flow cytometry and Elisa. The ability of Hela cell migration and invasion was evaluated by transwell assay. The signaling proteins expression was displayed by Western blot.[Results]Il-4 activated macrophage had the phenotype of CD206high/HLA-DRlow ,and highly expressed IL-10 and CCL18 ,and decreased the expression of IL-12. The activated macrophages significantly promoted the migration and invasion of Hela cells ,while the unactivated macrophages did not had this effect. Applying anti-CCL18 antibody but not isotype IgG in the supernatant of IL-4 activated macrophage inhibited Hela cells motility. Furthermore,activated macrophages phosphorylated IKK and IκB and induced the translocation of p65 to nucleus ,eventually increased the expression of vimentin. Treatment of Hela cells with CCL18 also enhanced tumor cells migration and invasion ,as well as the NF-κB activation and vimentin expression.[Conclusion]IL-4 activated macrophages promoted Hela cells motility by secreting CCL18 and the following activation of NF-κB signaling proteins.
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Objective To explore the form and effect of an after-class autonomic model aiming at improving English writing competence. Methods Objects were chosen through pre-experimental test and were divided into three groups: control class(n=44),experimental class one (n=47)and ex-perimental class two(n=48). Objects from the control class did not keep journals while those from the two experimental classes kept journals for twelve weeks. Teacher comments,student's mutual com-ments and exhibitions of excellent journals were conducted in experimental class one. All the objects took a post-experimental test at the end of the experiment and a survey was conducted among the ob-jects from the two experimental classes. SPSS16.0 was used for data-processing. T-tests were adopted to compare the pre-experimental and the post-experimental test scores of all classes(P<0.05 indicates significant difference). Variance analyses were conducted to compare the post-experimental tests (P<0.05 indicates significant difference). Results The T-test results of the control class,experimental class one and experimental class two were respectively as follows:t=1.59,P=0.12;t=13.42,P =0.00;t=11.68,P=0.00. The results of the variance analyses were:F=48.87, P=0.00. The T-value of the SNK comparison between experimental class one and the control class was 9.12(P=0.00),that between ex-perimental class two and the control class was 7.99 (P=0.00) while that between experimental class one and experimental class two was 1.19(P=0.23). Results of the survey:98.94%of the objects agreed that keeping English journals could help to improve the fluency and accuracy of English writing;85.11%regarded keeping English journals as an effective way to improve English writing competence;80.85% believed than keeping English journals could help to put the newly-learnt vocabulary to use. 50% of the objects deemed that keeping English journals could improve writing interest and 69.15%thought that it could enhance writing confidence. 70.21% believed that exhibiting excellent journals could create good writing atmosphere and inspire writing motivation. Conclusions Keeping English journals could improve English writing competence significantly through after-class autonomic writing, and it can improve writing interest and confidence. However,the impacts of teacher comments,stu-dent's mutual comments and the exhibition of excellent journals on writing competence are not signifi-cant.
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Observed from the classroom ecology perspective,the assessment index of classroom teaching quality in higher institutes examines only the teachers' teaching behavior, but the students' behavior,the classroom's ecological media and environment,which have great impact on the teaching quality,are excluded.Ecological analyses of typical cases indicate that the assessment index of classroom teaching quality in practice are not all-sided, and there are various factors affecting the justice of the assessment result, making it very difficult to obtain objective result. Therefore, two principles in applying the assessment result are to achieve ecological harmony by aiming at improving teaching through assessment and weakening its proving function, and to create an ecologically harmonious environment on campus that may promote teacher development and improve the teaching quality.
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Correlation analysis shows that the total scores of the psychological environment of English classrooms correlate significantly with the scores of the final exams,indicating that classroom psychological environment can produce significant impact on English learning effect. Both correlation analysis and independency analysis of the component factors of classroom psychological environment and the final exams show that students'study behavior can produce significant impact on their English learning effect,while classroom interpersonal relationships,classroom atmosphere,teachers'teaching behavior and students'individual psychological experience have no significant impact on the English learning effect.
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Four samples were chosen from the range-finders of CET-4 compositions(1987~2003)by equidistant sampling.We analyzed the functional characteristics of the range-finders of CET-4 high-mark compositions from the following aspects: transitivity,modality,thematic structure and cohesion.Inspirations to the teaching of College English writing are suggested.
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The higher institutes in China are now assessing the teaching quality in class. But some assessments are proof-oriented when the organizers regard the results as the evidence to praise or punish teachers,which disorients the assessment goal and gives rise to many negative backwash effects. Higher institutes should adopt the improvement-oriented assessment,aim at improving teaching quality through assessment,make the subjects of assessment whole,better the assessor's participating system,enhance the quality of assessment questionnaire,scientifically explain and rationally use the assessment results and strengthen the scientism and rationality of the assessment system,to realize the function of promoting teaching through assessment.
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The analysis of the written expressions contributed by four groups from a certain university indicates that it is relatively common for English learners to misuse lexical intensifiers in their compositions.Improper use of parts of speech,misuse of confusing intensifiers,spelling er-rors,adverb stacking,improper choice of intensifiers,mismatch of collocations,wrong word order,misuse of the comparative and modifiers,misuse of modal expressions and over-repetition are the main types of misuse of lexical intensifiers.Interference of the mother tongue,thinking in Chinese,carelessness and poor command of the lexical intensifiers of the target language are the chief causes.Learners should develop the habit of thinking in English,pay attention to the contrastive comparison between lexical intensifiers of the mother tongue and the target language,and have con-scious relevant training to improve the accuracy of using the lexical intensifiers of the target language.
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Stratified sampling was adopted to investigate the present situation of foreign language teachers from the higher institutes in Chongqing,and the results are as follows:the age structure of foreign language teachers from the higher institutes in Chongqing is rational,and their educational background has been improved,but their sex proportions are unbalanced,and the proportions of doctors,professors and supervisors of MA are somewhat low;most teachers' teaching concept is advanced,and they use multiple teaching methods and modern teaching means,with their roles equalized,but their teaching and research load is too heavy,their research competence is not high,and their income is just-so-so;the assessment and employment system needs improving;foreign language teachers suffer from high work stress,low work satisfaction,few further education opportunities and poor health.Understanding and support from relevant supervising departments and leaders are needed to solve the above problems.