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Objective To investigate the correlation between gene polymorphism of cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and Graves disease (GD) in Qinghai Tibetan.Methods Using retrospective analysis methods,totally 130 cases of GD were selected randomly from June 2012 to November 2016 in the People's Hospital of Qinghai Province;meanwhile,110 normal control cases were selected randomly from Qinghai Tibetan.Then the genotype and allele of CTLA-4 were detected by the method of polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP-PCR).Results The distribution of CTLA-4 genotype frequencies (AA,AG,GG) was different between normal control cases and GD in Qinghai Tibetan [6.2％ (8/130) vs 26.4％ (29/110),50.0％ (65/130)vs 58.2％ (64/110),43.8％ (57/130) vs 15.4％ (17/110),x2 =32.105,P ＜ 0.05].Allele (A,G) frequencies were compared between GD and control,the differences were statistically significant [31.2％(81/260) vs 55.5％ (122/220),68.8％ (179/260) vs 44.5％ (98/220),x2 =28.834,P ＜ 0.05].Conclusion Polymorphisms of CTLA-4 exon 1 (49A/G)genotype and allele are closely correlated with GD in Qinghai Tibetan.
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To investigate the association of the gene polymorphism of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4(CTLA-4)with Graves'ophthalmopathy(GO)in Qinghai Tibetans. 130 case of Graves'disease(GD)were selected from June 2013 to November 2016 in The People's Hospital of Qinghai Province. These patients were assigned into 2 groups,GO(n=71)and GD without GO(n=59). The genotypes and alleles of CTLA-4 gene were detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP). Distribution of CTLA-4 exon 1 (+49A/G)genotype frequencies(AA,AG,and GG)was different between 2 groups.
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Objective To investigate the correlation between gene polymorphism of protein tyrosinephosphatase,non-receptor type22 (PTPN-22) and Graves disease (GD) in Qinghai Tibetan.Methods One hundred and thirty Tibetan cases of GD were selected randomly from July 2012 to November 2016 in the People's Hospital of Qinghai Province;meanwhile,110 normal control cases were selected randomly fron the Qinghai Tibetan.All the subjects were non-related Tibetan residents of Qinghai nationality,who had no thyroid disease and other autoimmune diseases,and had no family history of autoimmune diseases.Then genotype and allele of PTPN-22 were detected by the method of polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).Results The Hardy-Weinberg balance test was used to examine the representativeness of the control group and the GD group (P ＞ 0.05).The suggested samples have population representativeness and can be used in population genetics research.The distribution of PTPN-22 exon 14 (1 858C/T) genotype frequencies (CC,CT,TT) did not differ between normal control cases and GD in Qinghai Tibetan [95.45％ (105/110) vs 93.08％ (121/130),4.55％ (5/110) vs 6.92％ (9/130),0 (0/110) vs 0 (0/130),x2 =0.613,P ＞ 0.05].The distribution of PTPN-22 exon 14 (1 858C/T)allele frequencies (C,T) did not differ between nornal control cases and GD in Qinghai Tibetan [97.73％(215/220) vs 96.54％ (251/260),2.27％ (5/220) vs 3.46％ (9/260),x2 =0.015,P ＞ 0.05].Conclusion There is no significant relationship between the polymorphisms of PTPN-22 gene exon 14 (1 858C/T) and GD.
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Objective To investigate the correlation between gene polymorphism of protein tyrosinephosphatase,non-receptor type22 (PTPN-22) and Graves disease (GD) in Qinghai Tibetan.Methods One hundred and thirty Tibetan cases of GD were selected randomly from July 2012 to November 2016 in the People's Hospital of Qinghai Province;meanwhile,110 normal control cases were selected randomly fron the Qinghai Tibetan.All the subjects were non-related Tibetan residents of Qinghai nationality,who had no thyroid disease and other autoimmune diseases,and had no family history of autoimmune diseases.Then genotype and allele of PTPN-22 were detected by the method of polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).Results The Hardy-Weinberg balance test was used to examine the representativeness of the control group and the GD group (P ＞ 0.05).The suggested samples have population representativeness and can be used in population genetics research.The distribution of PTPN-22 exon 14 (1 858C/T) genotype frequencies (CC,CT,TT) did not differ between normal control cases and GD in Qinghai Tibetan [95.45％ (105/110) vs 93.08％ (121/130),4.55％ (5/110) vs 6.92％ (9/130),0 (0/110) vs 0 (0/130),x2 =0.613,P ＞ 0.05].The distribution of PTPN-22 exon 14 (1 858C/T)allele frequencies (C,T) did not differ between nornal control cases and GD in Qinghai Tibetan [97.73％(215/220) vs 96.54％ (251/260),2.27％ (5/220) vs 3.46％ (9/260),x2 =0.015,P ＞ 0.05].Conclusion There is no significant relationship between the polymorphisms of PTPN-22 gene exon 14 (1 858C/T) and GD.
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Objective To investigate the association between gene polymorphism of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and Graves ophthalmopathy (GO) in Qinghai Han population.Methods Ninety cases of Graves disease were selected from June 2011 to February 2014 in The People's Hospital of Qinghai Province,and the 90 patients were divided into two subgroups according to GO (49 cases) and GD without GO(41 cases).Then the genotype and allele of CTLA-4 exon 1 (+ 49A/G) were detected in surum by the method of polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).Results The distribution of CTLA-4 exon 1 (+ 49 A/G) genotype frequencies (AA,AG,GG) was not different between GO and GD without GO subgroups [4.1％ (2/49) to 7.3％ (3/41),44.9％ (22/49) to 61.0％ (25/41),51.0％ (25/49) to 31.7％ (13/41),Fisher exact probability,P =0.180 ＞ 0.05]; the distribution of CTLA-4 exon 1 (+ 49A/G) allele frequencies (A,G) was not different between GO and GD without GO subgroups [26.5％ (26/98) to 37.8％ (31/82),73.5％ (72/98) to 62.2％ (51/ 82),x2 =2.622,P＞ 0.05].Conclusion CTLA-4 gene exon 1 (+ 49A/G) may not be a candidate susceptibility gene for Qinghai Han GO.
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Marked by the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the CPC, Shanghai health care started a journey of reform and opening up as with other sectors. This essay reviews various stages Shanghai health care experienced and the achievements for the last 30 years since reform and opening up, and analyzes the challenges Shanghai health care faces currently. On this basis, the essay summaries the experiences and lessons learned from Shanghai health care reform and development.