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Objective:To evaluate the effect of closed-loop therapy system in adult non-mechanical ventilation patients in order to provide evidence-based basis for promoting the safety of oxygen therapy.Methods:Randomized controlled trials of closed-oxygen therapy system on the percentage within SpO 2 target, the incidence of hypoxaemia or hyperoxia, oxygen consumption, the mean oxygen therapy days, as well as the length of hospital stay in adult non-mechanical ventilation patients were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP from inception to June 30, 2022. Data extraction, and literature quality evaluation were performed by two researchers independently, RevMan 5.3 was used for meta-analysis. Results:A total of 5 articles including 502 patients were included. The results showed that the closed oxygen therapy system could significantly improve the percentage of time within SpO 2 target of patients ( SMD=1.56, 95% CI 1.22-1.90, Z=9.04, P<0.001) and reduce the percentage of time with hypoxaemia ( SMD=-0.35, 95% CI-0.50--0.19, Z=4.37, P<0.001) or hyperoxia ( SMD=-0.91, 95% CI-1.07--0.75, Z=11.04, P<0.001) of patients. Moreover, the mean oxygen flow rate of closed oxygen therapy ( SMD=-0.64, 95% CI-1.25--0.03, Z=2.07, P<0.05), the mean oxygen therapy days ( SMD=-0.55, 95%, CI-1.06--0.03, Z=2.08, P<0.05), as well as the length of hospital stay ( SMD=-1.68, 95% CI-2.22--1.14, Z=6.11, P<0.001) were lower than those of patients with manual adjustment systems. Conclusion:The closed oxygen therapy system can promote the safety of oxygen use, but it needs clinical application to further explore.
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Objective To compare the Lille Apathy Rating Scale-informant (LARS-i),the Apathy Evaluation Scale-Informant (AES-I) and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Apathy Subscale (NPI-Apathy) in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) informants.Methods Data were collected from 181 informants of patients with MCI by the LARS-i,AES-I and NPI-Apathy scales.The evaluation results by the three scaleswere analyzed by correlation analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results By the Chinese versions of the LARS-i and AES-I scales,the best ROC curve was at a cutoff score of-16,33 respectively for a prediction of apathy (with sensitivity of 72.00％,75.31％ respectively,and specificity of 65.38％,75.76％ respectively).The scores of the LARS-i and AES-i scales (r =0.566,P ＜0.01),and the scores of AES-I and NPI-Apathy scales (r =0.388,P ＜ 0.01) were positively correlated.The AES-I and NPI-Apathy scores were positively correlated with the scores of the Geriatric Depression Scale (r =0.250,0.169,P＜0.05),while the score of the LARS-i scale not.The scores of LARS-i,AES-I scales were negatively correlated with the score of MoCA scale (r =-0.232,-0.239,P ＜ 0.01),whereas the NPI-Apathy score had no correlation with the MoCA score.The AES-I and LARS-i scales reported greater apathy compared to that reported by the NPI-Apathy scale,with cases of 94,81,25 respectively.Conclusions The results of the Chinese versions of LARS-i and AES-I scales are similar,which are better than the NPI-Apathy scale in MCI informants in China.And the LARS-i scale can distinguish between apathy and depression to a certain extent.
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Objective To investigate the nursing experts' perspectives on evaluation index and evaluation mode of core competence of postgraduate in Master of Nursing Specialist (MNS).Methods The evaluation indexes as well as the evaluation modes of core competences of postgraduates in MNS were summed up on the basis of the national relevant policies,site investigation and literature analysis.From February 2017 to April 2017,online survey was carried out in experts with experience of cultivating MNS using convenience sampling.Results A total of 85 nursing experts completed the questionnaires.The results showed that the importance scores of 5 first-class,and 17 second-class indexes of the core competences were higher than 4.5.The top three evaluation modes were:Mini Clinical Evaluation Exercise,Objective Structure Clinical Examination and Nursing Ward Round.It was suggested that the clinical nursing competence and the ethical decision-making were mainly evaluated at the examination of clinical ability,the clinical research and education ability were mainly evaluated at the end of the course,and the nursing management ability was mainly assessed during the clinical study.Besides,the evaluations of the clinical nursing competence,the ethical decision-making competence and the nursing management ability were largely relying on clinical teachers,the clinical research and the education ability were mainly relying on supervisor group.Conclusion This research reaches consensus on the evaluation indlicators and the relative evaluation modes for the core competences of postgraduates in MNS,and can provide references for evaluation of MNS in China.
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Objective To study the association of the CAG repeat length polymorphism in exon 1 of the androgen receptor (AR) gene with metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components in men.Methods We used cluster sampling method to select 910 middle-and old-aged male subjects from the communities in Yinchuan and Wuzhong cities,Ningxia.Their body height,weight and blood pressure were measured;their testosterone (TT),serum lipids,fasting glucose (FBG) and fasting insulin (FINS) were assayed;and their body mass index (BMI) and free testosterone (FT) were calculated.Length of CAG repeats in exon 1 of the AR gene was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing method.The subjects were divided into MS group (n =304) and normal control group (n=606) according to the diagnosis standards of MS.Results No obvious difference in the frequency distribution of CAG repeats in the AR gene was found between MS group and normal control group.The systolic blood pressure in the mcn with CAG repeat number of less than 22 was significantly higher than that in those with CAG repeat number of 22 or more,but HDL-C was significantly lower than men with CAG repeat number of 22 or more.However,the two groups did not significantly differ in diastolic blood pressure,other blood lipids level,FBG,FINS,BMI,TT or FT.The men with CAG repeat number of less than 22 had a higher prevalence of hypertension than those with CAG repeat number of 22 or more,but the prevalence of MS and other components of MS in the two groups had no significant difference,Conclusion The length of CAG repeats in exon 1 of the AR gene is related to the occurrence of hypertension and the dccreased level of HDL-C,but not to the incidence of MS.The number (less than 22) of CAG repeats of the AR gene may be a genetic factor of the occurrence of hypertension and reduced level of HDL-C.
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Based oncompetence-basedphilosophy of education, core competences of Master of Nursing Specialist (MNS) postgraduates serve as a benchmark for the education quality. Furthermore, the evaluation of core competences is a key link. Our research mainly summarizes the evaluation methods of core competences of MNS at home and abroad, thus providing suggestions to the improvement of domestic core competences evaluation methods of MNS.
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Objective To study the distribution of rs2234693 and rs9340799 of estrogen receptor (ER)gene and the relationship between them and lipid metabolism in the Ningxia Hui group,China.Methods We used cluster sampling method to select 5 3 3 cases of Ningxia Yinchuan communities of Hui. SNP genotyping was performed using the Sequenom MassARRAY platform.Results ① The frequencies of the distribution of each genotype of rs2234693 in Ningxia Hui population were the same as those in Chinese Han and Dai,Americans, Europeans,and Japanese (P>0.05).The distribution of each genotype of rs9340799,especially AA genotype,was different from that in Europeans (P0.05).Conclusion ER genes distribution in the Hui nationality of Ningxia is significantly different from that in other races;rs2234693 has no obvious relationship with the occurrence of dyslipidemia while GG genotype in SNP rs9340799 significantly increases the risk of lipid metabolism disorders.
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Objective: To study the change of cyclic nucleotide in brain of rats induced by acute stress Method: The concentration of cAMP and cGMP in frontal lob, hippcampus, midbrain and hypothalamus were measured in 1 and 3 hours after stress respectively Results:The concentration of cGMP in hippcampus and hypothalamus were significantly higher than that of control group at 1 hour after stress (P