ABSTRACT
Objective:To analyse the pathogenic bacteria distribution and clinical characteristics of late-onset sepsis (LOS) among premature infants with gestational age less than 34 weeks in Henan Province.Methods:The clinical data of 6 590 premature infants admitted to 17 medical institutions in Henan Province from January 2019 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The gestational age of infants was less than 34 weeks and was admitted to the neonatal ward within 7 days after birth. SPSS 19.0 statistical software was used for data analysis.Results:Among 6 590 premature infants LOS developed in 751 cases (11.40%), of whom the diagnosis was confirmed in 276 cases (36.75%) and 475 cases (63.25%) were diagnosed clinically. The fatality rate related to LOS was 13.58%. There were significant differences in the incidence of LOS and infection-related mortality among infants with different gestational ages and body weights ( χ2=388.894 and 13.572, χ2=472.282 and 9.257, P<0.05 or <0.01). Among 276 children with confirmed LOS, 286 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated. Gram-negative bacteria were most prevalent (178 strains), accounting for 62.24% of all infections, followed by fungi (58 strains, 20.28%). Klebsiella pneumoniae was most frequently detected Gram-negative bacteria (117 strains, 40.91%), among which 32.48% (38/117) was carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. The proportion of diagnosed sepsis, the proportion of catheterization, and the infection-related mortality of infants with LOS in tertiary hospitals were all higher than those in secondary hospitals ( χ2=6.212, 5.313 and 4.435, all P<0.05). The proportion of exclusive breastfeeding in secondary hospitals was lower than that in tertiary hospitals ( χ2=19.216, P<0.05). The time of antibacterial drug use before infection in specialized hospitals was longer than that in general hospitals ( χ2=3.276, P<0.05). Conclusion:The incidence of LOS among preterm infants in Henan Province is high, which was mainly caused by Gram-negative bacteria. The clinical characteristics of LOS caused by different pathogens and in different health institutions are different, the prevention and control strategy should be developed accordingly to reduce the incidence LOS of preterm premature infants.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To research the effect of Shengmai capsules on the matrix metalloproteinase(MMPs)& tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase(TIMPs)in chronic congestive heart failure(CHF)rats.Methods:75 SD female rats weredivided randomly into 5 groups:sham-operation group(A),CHF model group(B),CHF model treated by Shengmai capsules group(Shengmai capsule group,C),CHF model treated by Captopril group(Captopril group,D),CHF model treated by Shengmai capsule and Captopril group(shengmai capsule&captopril group,E),15 rats each group.Suprarenal abdominal artery constriction was operated to prepare CHF rat models.After 7 week treating respectively,the contents of MMP-3&TIMP-1 of cardiac muscle in rats were detected.Results:The content of cardiac MMP-3 was higher in group B than in group A(P
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:Chinese herb, bushen yizhi formula protects at certain extent learning and memory in rat model of Alzheimer disease. The drug serum in this formula can alleviate neurotoxic reaction of nerve tumor cell NG 108-15 to beta-amyloid protein. In order to understand further the mechanism and compatibility of the formula, it is necessary to carry on the study on the broken formulas.OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of drug serum in subgroups of broken bushen yizhi formulas on growth and differentiation of cell model of Alzheimer disease and probe into the compatibility rule of bushen yizhi formula in view of serum pharmacology.DESIGN: Randomized controlled experiment.SETTING: DME Center of Clinical Pharmacological Institute Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.PARTICIPANTS:The experiment was performed in DME Center of Clinical Pharmacological Institute Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January to August 2003, in which, 40 healthy male SD rats of 3 months old were employed and NG108-15 cell line was frozen-preserved.into the control, original formula group (No. 1 group) [shechuanzi (Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss), gouqizi (Lycium barbarum L.), renshen (Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.), heshouwu (Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.), danpi (Paeonia Suffruticisa Andr.) and bingpian (Borneolum)], kidney replenishment group (No.2 group) [shechuanzi (Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss), gouqizi (Lycium barbarum L.), etc.], group for benefiting qi and nourishing blood (No.3 group)[renshen (Panaz ginseng C.A.Mey), zhishouwu (Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.), etc.] and group with bingpian (Borneolum) removed (No.4 group)[Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.], heshouwu (Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.) and danpi (Paeonia Suffruticisa Andr.)], 8 rats in each group. The concentrated Chinese herbal solutions of every group were applied at 10 μL/g (equal to 6 g/kg of raw herbs) for gastric infusion successively,continuously for 1 month. In the control, the physical saline solution of equal dosage was used for infusion. Two hours after the last gastric infusion in rats of each group,the blood was collected from heart after anesthesia and the serum was sepaNG108-15 cell cultured in vitro was divided into 6 groups. In the control and model group, normal rat serum was contained in proliferated culture solution. In the rest 4 groups, the drug serum of No. 1 group and 3 sub-groups was contained.Simultaneously, beta-amyloid protein 25-35 in each hole was prepared to the terminal concentration 5 μmol/L (except in the control) and the culture went on for 48 hours.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:MTT method was used to determine proliferated number and survival rate of cells. Simultaneously, the ratio of neurite cells to total cell count and average length of neurit were determined.icantly than the control (0.520±0.022, 0.665±0.037, P ＜ 0.01), and that in every drug serum group was higher than model group, of which, the result vival rate of differentiated cells: That in model group was lower significantly than the control (58.4%, 100%) and that in every drug serum group was higher than model group, of which, the result in No.4 group was the most tal cell count: That in model group was lower significantly than the control [(42.95±11.42)%, (58.75±12.84)%, P ＜ 0.01] and that in every drug serum group was higher than model group, of which, the result in No.4 group was rite: That in model group was shorter significantly than the control [(356.0 ±109.0), (493.8±133.0) μm, P ＜ 0.01] and that in every drug serum group was longer than model group, of which, the result in No.4 group was the most significant [(486.8±79.2) μm, P ＜ 0.01].CONCLUSION: The drug serum in all of bushen yizhi formula and every subgroup inhibits at certain extent the injury of beta-amyloid protein 25-35 to NG108-15 cell, but the results of each group are various. The protection of drug serum to the cell in every group is in the sequence from strong to weak as group with bingpian removed ＞ original formula group ＞ kidney replenishment group ＞ group for benefiting qi and nourishing blood. It is to expect a further study on the efficacy of group with bingpian removed.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The decrease of activity level of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and reduction of membrane protein of synaptic vesicles are the main biochemical indexes in Alzheimer disease. Traditional Chinese bushen yizhi formula is of the effects of strengthening the kidney, replenishing qi, generating marrow and nourishing the brain, its medicine-containing serum can effectively protect these changes resulting from amyloid protein.OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the medicine-containing serum of bushen yizhi formula can improve the pathological injury of neurons induced by amyloid protein metabolites in Alzheimer disease, thus to estimate the therapeutic effect of bushen yizhi formula on Alzheimer disease.DESIGN:A randomized and controlled trial. SETTING:Institute of Neuroscience, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, Guangxi Zhuang Nationality Autonomous Region, China; Encephalopathic Institute of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.MATERIALS:The experiment was conducted from September 2003 to March 2004 at the Research and Development Center of New Drugs of Guangxi College of TCM. Totally 60 healthy Wistar rats of clean grade,three months, were at random divided as blank control and bushen yizhi groups, with 30 in each group. The bushen yizhi formula consisted of Fructus Lycii, Fructus Cnidii, Radix Gingeng, Radix Polygoni Multiflori,Cortex Moutan Radicis, Borneolum, etc. The medicine was prepared before use as 0.176 g/Ml liquid(including 1.13 g/Ml rude drugs).METHODS:① Each of the rats in bushen yizhi group was by garage given 1.0-1.5 Ml prepared liquid per day for consecutive 30 days. Within 4hours after the last administration the serum was isolated at 5 000 r/min for 5 minutes, filtered aseptically, the compliment was inactivated at 56 ℃,then the medicine-containing serum was obtained. The rats in blank control group were given saline of the same volume, and the serum was prepared with the same method. ② For NG108-15 cells, the concentration of amyloid protein 25-35 segments in the culture liquid was 5 μ mol/L, or 1-42 segments, 200 nmol/L, was suitable. ③ NG108-15 cells was first in cubated for a day in CO2 incubator with Dulbecco-improved Eagle medium of 0.1 molarity at 37 ℃, then 5 μmol/L amyloid protein 25-35 segment or 200 nmol/L segment 1-42 was added to continuously incubate for a day, after that the cell models of Alzheimer disease was ready. Then 50 g/L medicine-containing serum or Dulbecco-improved Eagle medium of blank control group serum was taken to replace the original culture liquid, and the amyloid protein segments of the above-mentioned concentration was still added for maintaining the cell models of Alzheimer disease, after 5 days'differentiation incubation, the indexes were detected with those in non-amyloid protein as control. ④ Western blotting, radioimmunoassay and electrophysiological examination were used to investigate the ChAT activity,synapsin protein level and rate of functional synapse formation of NG108-15cells in Alzheimer disease after treatment with the medicine-containing serum of bushen yizhi formula.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES :The effects of the medicine-containing serum of bushen yizhi formula on ChAT activity, synapsin protein level,rate of functional synapse formation of NG108-15 cells and frequency of miniature plate potential in NG108-15 cells.RESULTS:Totally 60 rats involved all entered the final result analysis.① The effect of the medicine-containing serum of bushen yizhi formula on ChAT activity: In the conditions when there was no amyloid protein or the final concentration of amyloid protein 1- 42 was 200 nmol/L, the ChAT activity in bushen yizhi group was obviously higher than that in blank control group [(1651.2±134.5), (1336.1±268.2), ( 586.1±223.4),(1290.7±381.5)μmol/(g·h); P ＜ 0.05] . ② The effect of the medicinecontaining serum of bushen yizhi formula on synapsin protein level: The absorbance values of synapsin Ⅰa and Ⅰb, in the conditions when there was no amyloid protein, amyloid protein 25-35 and 1-42, were respectively 5.02, 1.36 and 2.46 in bushen yizhi group; and 3.18, 0.57 and 0.71 in blank control group. The values in bushen yizhi group were respectively 1.6,2.4 and 3.5times those in blank control group. ③ The effect of the medicine-containing serum of bushen yizhi formula on functional synapse formation of NG108-15 cells: In the conditions when there was no amyloid protein or amyloid protein 1-42, the levels of functional synapse formation in bushen yizhi group wereall higher than those in blank control group [(90.6±6.0)%, (63.2±17.0)%, (58.0±13.1)%, (34.2±13.0)% ;P＜0.05].④ The effect of the medicine-containing serum of bushen yizhi formula on frequency of miniature plate potential in NG108-15 cells: In the conditions when there was no amyloid protein or amyloid protein 1-42, the frequencies of miniature plate potential in bushen yizhi group were all higher than those in blank control group [(9.28±4.1), (5.48 ±5.14), (5.55±5.85),(3.05±4.46)/min; P ＜ 0.01, P＜ 0.05].CONCLUSION:In the conditions when there existed no amyloid protein or amyloid protein, the medicine-containing serum of bushen yizhi formula can raise ChAT activity, not only correct the decrease of cellular synapsin caused by amyloid protein, but also raise the expression of synapsin protein, the rate of functional synapse formation and neurotransmitter release under the condition of no amyloid protein. It was shown that the prescription can antagonize the pathological development of Alzheimer disease, and play the therapeutic effect through enhancing the release power of neurotransmitter.
ABSTRACT
Objective To observe the effects of Bushen Yizhi Decociton (BYD) on somatostatin-like (SS-like)neurons in hippocampal gyrus of rat models with Alzheimer's disease(AD). Methods Fifteen-month_old AD rat models were established by intraperitoneral injection of D-galactose for 4 weeks combined with ibotenic acid injection into bilateral nucleus basalis of Meynert. AD model rats were randomly allocated to AD model group(Group C), Hup-A treatment group(Group D) and BYD treatment groups (Group E and Group F,treated with high dosage and low dosage respectively), and 10 normal aged rats (Group B)and 10 normal youth rats (Group A)served as the normal control groups. The methods of immunohistochemistry and dig_labeling c-DNA probe in situ hibridization were used to detect the number of SS-like immunoreactive positive and SS mRNA expressed positive neurons in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 fields and the dentate gyrus. Results The number and optic density of SS-like immunoreactive positive and SS mRNA expressed positive neurons were higher in BYD treatment groups than those in Group C (P
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the anticoagulant and fibrinolytic mechanism of vascular endothelial cells in rabbit model of blood stasis syndrome (BSS). Methods BS S rabbit model was induced by injection of noradrenaline and bovine serum albumin . The aortic endothelial cells from the normal rabbits (Group A)and BSS rabbits (Group B)were cultured primarily and subcultured. The activities of antithrombin Ⅲ (AT_Ⅲ), tis sue_type plasminogen activator (t_PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) in the plasma of rabbits and cultured supernatant were measured. Results The activities of t_PA and AT_Ⅲ were obviously decreased and PAI activity incre ased in the plasma of BSS model rabbits as compared with those of the normal rabbits (P 0.05 ). Conclusion Anticoagulant and fibrinolytic dysfunction p lays an imp ortant role in the occurrence and development of BSS.
ABSTRACT
Object To observe the improving effects of BUSHEN YIZHI DECOCTION (BSYZD) on interspace explore learning and memory in rat model with Alzheimer's disease. Methods Eighty 15-month Wistar rats were induced by ip D -galactose for four weeks and injection of basal nucleus of Meynert with ibotenic acid (IBO) to make AD model, then randomly divided into AD model group, Hup-A treated group, BSYZD (high dose, 12 g/kg?d) treated group and BSYZD (low dose, 6 g/kg?d) treated group, and also normal aged and young groups. After treating for four weeks, Morris water maze was used to assess the improvement of rat interspace explore learning and memory. Results In the interspace explore experiment, the significant differences were observed between the model, Hup-A treated groups and normal aged, young groups (P0.05). Conclusion BSYZD possesses a certain preventive effects on interspace explore learning and memory in AD rat model.