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1.
Arch. Health Sci. (Online) ; 26(2): http://www.cienciasdasaude.famerp.br/index.php/racs/article/view/1316, abri-set.2019.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1045960

ABSTRACT

Introdução: O envelhecimento no Brasil avança a passos largos com aumento da prevalência de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNTs), sendo estas as principais causas de óbito no mundo. As neoplasias são a segunda DCNT mais prevalente e demandam muitos recursos em saúde. A quimioterapia paliativa é um dos tratamentos de escolha para controle de sintomas da neoplasia, pode promover desde fadiga à neuropatia periférica. Por este motivo, os exercícios físicos têm sido recomendados em pacientes com esse tipo de tratamento. Objetivo: Verificar os efeitos dos exercícios físicos em pacientes submetidos a quimioterapia paliativa. Método:Revisão sistemática, seguindo as orientações PRISMA. Pesquisa realizada nas bases de dados eletrônicas LILACS, MEDLINE, PEDro, Clinical Trial e SciELO, consultado pelos descritores: terapia medicamentosa (drug therapy), índice de gravidade da doença (severity of illness index), reabilitação (rehabilitation), exercício físico (physical exercise) e cuidados paliativos (palliative care). Incluídos artigos em português e inglês, sem delimitação de data, ensaios clínicos. A avaliação da qualidade metodológica seguiu a escala de risco de viés da Cochrane. Resultados: Selecionados 10 artigos, sendo cinco com baixo risco de viés; três com viés incerto; e dois com alto risco. Todos os estudos observaram melhora significativa no grupo intervenção quando comparado ao grupo controle nos seguintes desfechos: qualidade vida, controle de sintomas e autonomia. Quanto ao tipo de exercício, apenas cinco compararam diferentes modalidades de exercícios (aeróbios, resistidos ou mistos) e não encontraram diferença estatística entre eles. Outros quatro artigos utilizaram um tipo de exercício, e apenas um estudo utilizou eletroestimulação, não promovendo avanço no nível de atividade física, força muscular e controle de sintomas (dor e fadiga). Conclusão: Embora poucos estudos na literatura, os exercícios físicos parecem contribuir para melhora da força muscular, qualidade de vida, controle de sintomas e manutenção da funcionalidade em pacientes submetidos a quimioterapia paliativa.


Introduction: Ageing in Brazil moves forward with great strides, approximately 14% of the Brazilian population will be older in 2020. Associated with the aging was the increased prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) responsible for the prejudice of quality of life and leading causes of death in the world. Tumors are the second most prevalent NCD and require many resources in health, starting with the variety and high cost of your treatment. Chemotherapy is one of the treatments of choice for neoplasm, and when we want to use it for the control of symptoms of the patient with a disease in advanced stage, we opt for the palliative chemotherapy. However, chemotherapy can promote different symptoms in the patient as fatigue or peripheral neuropathy, which is why physical exercises have been strongly recommended in this group of patients. Objective: To verify the effects of physical exercises on patients undergoing palliative chemotherapy. Method: A systematic review, followed by the guidelines PRISMA on electronic database's Lilacs, MedLine, PEDro, Clinical Trial and Scielo, consulted by keywords: drug therapy, severity of illness index, rehabilitation, physical exercise, and palliative care. We have included articles in Portuguese and English with no delimitation of data, including clinical whose intervention was the application of physical exercise. The assessment of the methodological quality of these articles was made from the application of the scale Cochrane of risk of bias. Results: Ten articles were selected, and the risk of bias was evidenced as follows, (five with low risk; three with uncertain bias; and two assessed with high risk. All the studies observed significant improvement in the intervention group (physical exercise) compared with the control in the following outcomes: quality of life, controlling symptoms and autonomy. As for the type of exercise used in the studies, only five articles have compared different types of exercises (aerobic, resistance or mixed) and found no statistical difference between them. Four other articles used, only, a type of exercise and, only one study used electrostimulation as intervention. Electrostimulation did not promote progress in the level of physical activity, muscular strength of the groups tested, and in control of symptoms (pain and fatigue). Conclusion: Despite the availability of a few studies in the literature, conducting physical exercises seem to contribute to improvement of muscular strength, quality of life, symptom control and maintenance of functionality in patients undergoing palliative chemotherapy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Neoplasms , Palliative Care , Rehabilitation , Severity of Illness Index , Exercise , Drug Therapy , Fatigue
2.
Arch. Health Sci. (Online) ; 26(1): 19-23, 28/08/2019.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1046041

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A queda é um fenômeno indesejável para pessoa idosa (PI), pois, pode culminar em prejuízo funcional e aumento da mortalidade. O rastreamento do risco de cair da PI facilita a implementação de estratégias específicas de prevenção. Objetivo: Avaliar o risco, o medo de cair e as variáveis associadas ao medo de cair de PI atendidas por uma clínica escola de reabilitação (CER) na cidade de São Paulo, Brasil. Casuística e Método: Estudo transversal que compreendeu 40 PI (72,5% do gênero feminino; idade média 68±7,63 anos) atendidas na CER. A coleta de dados consistiu (i) na aquisição de dados demográficos e na avaliação (ii) do medo de cair (Escala de Avaliação da Autoeficácia de Quedas- FES-I); (iii) do risco de quedas (Timed Up and Go ­ TUG e Berg Balance Scale - BERG); (iv) da velocidade de marcha (Teste de Velocidade de Marcha de 6 Metros - 6mVelMar). O coeficiente de correlação de Spearman foi calculado para verificar associação entre a FES-I e as demais variáveis coletadas. Resultados: Trinta e cinco porcento dos participantes eram caidores e reportaram, em média, 2 quedas nos últimos 6 meses. A idade, TUG (mediana: 11 segundos; IQ: 9,00-13,75), BERG (mediana: 54 pontos; IQ: 48-55) e 6mVelMar (média: 1,20±0,39 m/s) apresentaram associação com a pontuação de FES-I (mediana: 23 pontos; IQ: 19,25­33,50; p < 0,001). A BERG foi a variável que apresentou associação moderada e negativa com a FES-I (coeficiente de correlação: -0,601; p < 0,001). As variáveis como sexo, ocorrência de quedas, número de quedas e polifarmácia não apresentaram associação com a pontuação da FES-I. Conclusão: A despeito do baixo risco de quedas, as PI apresentaram medo de cair. O medo de cair esteve associado à idade, ao equilíbrio, ao tempo de TUG e à velocidade de marcha.


Introduction: Fall is an undesirable phenomenon to elderly people (EP), because, may lead to functional impairment and increased mortality. The screening of risk of falls in EP facilitates the implementation of specific strategies of prevention.Objective: To verify the risk, the fear of fall and variables associated to the fear of fall in EP assisted in a university rehabilitation service located in São Paulo State, Brazil. Patients and Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study which enrolled 40 EP (72.5% females; mean age of 68±7.63 years old). The data collection comprised (i) demographic data and assessment of (ii) fear of fall (Falls Efficacy Scale-International ­ FES-I), (iii) risk of fall (Timed Up and Go ­ TUG and Berg Balance Scale - BERG), (iv) gait speed (6-meter gait speed). The Spearman correlation coefficient was calculated to verify association among FES-I and other variables collected. Results: Thirty-five percent of participants have reported frequent falls at a rate of at least 2 falls in the last six months. Variables such as age, TUG (median: 11 seconds; IQR: 9.00-13.75), BERG (median: 54 points; IQR: 48-55), and 6-meter gait speed (mean: 1.20±0.39 m/s) showed an association with FES-I (median:23 points; IQR: 19.25­33.50) (p < 0.001). BERG scale presented a moderate and negative association with FES-I (correlation coefficient: -0.601; p < 0.001). Variables as gender, polypharmacy, occurrence and number of falls were not associated with FES-I. Conclusion: Despite the low risk of fall, the EP reported fear of fall. The fear of fall was associated to age, balance, TUG and gait speed.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Accidental Falls/statistics & numerical data , Aged , Health Status Indicators , Postural Balance , Walking Speed
3.
J. bras. pneumol ; 44(3): 184-189, May-June 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-954558

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine whether 24-h availability of physiotherapy services decreases ICU costs in comparison with the standard 12 h/day availability among patients admitted to the ICU for the first time. Methods: This was an observational prevalence study involving 815 patients ≥ 18 years of age who had been on invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) for ≥ 24 h and were discharged from an ICU to a ward at a tertiary teaching hospital in Brazil. The patients were divided into two groups according to h/day availability of physiotherapy services in the ICU: 24 h (PT-24; n = 332); and 12 h (PT-12; n = 483). The data collected included the reasons for hospital and ICU admissions; Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score; IMV duration, ICU length of stay (ICU-LOS); and Omega score. Results: The severity of illness was similar in both groups. Round-the-clock availability of physiotherapy services was associated with shorter IMV durations and ICU-LOS, as well as with lower total, medical, and staff costs, in comparison with the standard 12 h/day availability. Conclusions: In the population studied, total costs and staff costs were lower in the PT-24 group than in the PT-12 group. The h/day availability of physiotherapy services was found to be a significant predictor of ICU costs.


RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar se a disponibilidade de serviços de fisioterapia 24 h/dia reduz os custos de UTI comparada à disponibilidade padrão de 12 h/dia entre pacientes admitidos pela primeira vez na UTI. Métodos: Estudo de prevalência observacional, envolvendo 815 pacientes ≥ 18 anos de idade que estavam em ventilação mecânica invasiva (VMI) por ≥ 24 h e que tiveram alta de uma UTI para uma enfermaria em um hospital universitário terciário no Brasil. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com a disponibilidade de serviços de fisioterapia na UTI em h/dia: 24 h (PT-24; n = 332); e 12 h (PT-12; n = 483). Os dados coletados incluíram os motivos das internações hospitalares e das admissões na UTI; a pontuação Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II); a duração da VMI; o tempo de permanência na UTI (TP-UTI); e o escore Ômega. Resultados: A gravidade da doença foi similar em ambos os grupos. A disponibilidade ininterrupta de serviços de fisioterapia foi associada a tempos menores de VMI e TP-UTI, bem como a menores custos (totais, médicos e com pessoal), comparada à disponibilidade padrão de 12 h/dia. Conclusões: Na população estudada, os custos totais e os custos com pessoal foram menores no grupo PT-24 do que no grupo PT-12. A disponibilidade em h/dia dos serviços de fisioterapia mostrou ser um preditor significativo dos custos de UTI.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Exercise Therapy/economics , Health Services Accessibility/economics , Intensive Care Units/economics , Respiration, Artificial/economics , Respiration, Artificial/statistics & numerical data , Time Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Brazil , Linear Models , Health Care Costs , Statistics, Nonparametric , APACHE , Exercise Therapy/statistics & numerical data , Health Services Accessibility/statistics & numerical data , Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data , Length of Stay/economics , Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data
4.
Acta fisiátrica ; 24(1): 33-39, mar. 2017.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-906654

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Conhecendo-se o alto grau de complexidade que o paciente politraumatizado representa à equipe multiprofissional na elaboração e execução do seu plano assistencial na unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI), aliado à carência de evidencias sobre o tema, o presente estudo sugere um modelo de assistência fisioterapêutica precoce aos pacientes críticos politraumatizados com base na experiência clínica dos últimos anos. Método: O modelo foi elaborado a partir das práticas verificadas nos registros de 6388 sessões de fisioterapia realizadas em 198 pacientes internados entre dezembro de 2009 e setembro de 2011 em UTI especializada em politrauma. As atividades/cuidados foram inseridas no modelo após aprovadas em discussão com a equipe multiprofissional. Todos os pacientes atendidos tinham idade igual ou maior que 18 anos e eram vítimas de trauma grave de acordo com o Injury Severity Score (ISS). Resultados: O modelo proposto foi estruturado de forma que as atividades/cuidados da assistência fisioterapêutica fossem organizadas de acordo com a região corpórea lesada do paciente (traumatismo cranioencefálico, fraturas de face, fraturas de coluna, trauma torácico, trauma abdominal, fratura de pelve e fraturas de extremidades). A rotina da unidade apregoava discussões diárias com a equipe médica para se conhecer as particularidades de cada caso clínico, estabelecer meta terapêutica e traçar o programa de reabilitação. Conclusão: O modelo proposto se tornou rotina e consolidou a atuação fisioterapêutica na respectiva unidade assistencial. A equipe de fisioterapia passou a atuar 24 horas por dia. O modelo possibilitou padronização da assistência fisioterapêutica e maior segurança para o paciente politraumatizado grave


Objective: In view of the high degree of complexity that the polytrauma patient represents to the multiprofessional team in the elaboration and execution of their care plan in the intensive care unit (ICU), combined with the lack of evidence on the subject, this study suggests a model of early physiotherapeutic assistance to critical polytrauma patients based on the clinical experience of recent years. Method: The model was elaborated based on the practices verified in the records of 6,388 physiotherapy sessions performed in 198 patients hospitalized between December 2009 and September 2011 in polytraumas-specialized ICU. The activities/care were inserted in the model after approved in discussion with the multiprofessional team. All patients enrolled were aged 18 years or older and were victims of severe trauma according to the Injury Severity Score (ISS). Results: The proposed model was structured in such a way that the physical therapy activities/care were organized according to the injured body region (traumatic brain injury, face fractures, spine fractures, thoracic trauma, abdominal trauma, pelvic fracture and extremities fractures). The routine of the ICU encouraged daily discussions with the medical team to know the particularities of each clinical case, to establish therapeutic goal and to design the rehabilitation program. Conclusion: The proposed model became routine and consolidated the physiotherapeutic action in the respective care unit. The physiotherapy team started working 24 hours a day. The model made possible the standardization of physical therapy assistance and greater safety for the severe polytrauma patient


Subject(s)
Humans , Trauma Centers/standards , Wounds and Injuries/rehabilitation , Physical Therapy Modalities/instrumentation , Exercise Therapy/instrumentation , Intensive Care Units , Epidemiology, Descriptive
5.
Br J Med Med Res ; 2015; 9(2): 1-10
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-180856

ABSTRACT

Objective: Evaluate the functional status of critically ill patients after hospital discharge and assess the effect of age and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II on the questionnaire scores. Study Design: An observational longitudinal study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out between May 2010 and January 2011, at the Clinical Hospital of the University of São Paulo, Brazil. Methodology: 147 patients, admitted to the Intensive Care Unit, ≥18 years old, underwent at least 24 hours of Invasive Mechanical Ventilation (IMV), were eligible after hospital discharge for this study. The functional status was assessed by using the Barthel Index, Katz Index and Health Assessment Questionnaire – Disability Index (HAQ-DI), at one, three, and six months after hospital discharge. Results: Out of 147 eligible patients, 75 and 68 responded to the initial and final evaluations, respectively. Functional status improved significantly over time in all questionnaires. The analysis with two factors (age and severity of illness) in each of the three evaluations revealed significant interaction for Katz Index in the third evaluation (p=.001), and no interaction for the Barthel Index and HAQ-DI in each of the three evaluations. Conclusion: The functional status of critically ill patients after hospital discharge was not related to age or severity of illness or length of stay in IMV, ICU or hospital. When divided into groups of age and severity of illness, patients with less severe illness presented a higher Katz score if they were older. Yet older patients tended to present higher Katz score with more severe illness.

6.
Rev. bras. geriatr. gerontol ; 17(2): 235-242, 2014. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-718374

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Verificar a associação entre a capacidade de executar as atividades instrumentais de vida diária (AIVDs) e a força de preensão palmar em idosos sem comprometimento cognitivo internados em enfermaria geriátrica. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal. Foram incluídos pacientes idosos, com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos, de ambos os gêneros, admitidos em enfermaria de Geriatria. Foram excluídos indivíduos com doenças neurológicas, osteomusculares agudas e respiratórias exacerbadas; com indicação médica de repouso ou com uso de algum aparato clínico, bem como aqueles com déficits cognitivos e/ou delirium. Os dados foram coletados do prontuário e foi realizada a avaliação da capacidade de realizar atividades instrumentais de vida diária, por meio da Escala de Lawton, e a avaliação da força de preensão palmar, por meio da dinamometria do membro superior dominante. Os dados foram descritos em média e desvio- padrão. O teste de correlação de Pearson foi aplicado para verificar associação entre a capacidade de realizar AIVDs e a força de preensão palmar. RESULTADOS: Participaram do estudo 12 idosos (75% mulheres) com idade média de 80,67±6,35 anos. As médias da força de preensão palmar e pontuação total da Escala de Lawton foram 11,96±6,71 quilogramas-força (kgf) e 22,58±1,67 pontos, respectivamente. Verificou-se associação moderada e positiva entre a força de preensão palmar e a pontuação na Escala de Lawton (r=0,640; p=0,025). CONCLUSÃO: A capacidade de realizar AIVDs e a força de preensão palmar apresentaram associação na amostra estudada. .


OBJECTIVE: To verify the association between the ability to perform instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and handgrip strength in hospitalized geriatric patients without cognitive impairment. METHODS: Cross-sectional study. Elderly patients aged over 60 years of both genders admitted to geriatric patients ward were included. On the other hand, elderly with neurological, musculoskeletal and respiratory acute exacerbated diseases; individuals with medical indication of rest or use of clinical apparatus, cognitive impairment and/or delirium were excluded. Data were collected from medical records. The ability to perform IADL was assessed by Lawton Scale and the handgrip strength was measured using handheld dynamometry on the dominant upper limb. A descriptive analysis with mean and standard deviation was carried out. The Pearson correlation test was applied to verify association between the total score of Lawton Scale and handgrip strength. RESULTS: The study included 12 patients (75% women) whose mean age were 80.67±6.35 years. The mean of handgrip strength and total Lawton Scale score were 11.96±6.71 Kgf and 22.58±1.67 points, respectively. A moderate positive association between handgrip strength and Lawton Scale score (r=0.640; p=0.025) was found. CONCLUSION: The handgrip strength and IADLs were associated in this study population. .

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