Ozone therapy improves early stages of osseointegration in ovariectomized rats

Abstract Objective the aim of this study was to analyze the influence of ozone therapy (OZN) on peri-implant bone repair in critical bones by installing osseointegrated implants in the tibia of ovariectomized rats. Methodology ovariectomy was performed on 30 Wistar rats, aged six months (Rattus novergicus), and, after 90 days, osseointegrated implants were installed in each tibial metaphysis. The study groups were divided into the animals that received intraperitoneal ozone at a concentration of 700 mcg/kg — OZ Group (n=15) — and a control group that received an intraperitoneal saline solution and, for this reason, was named the SAL group (n=15). The applications for both groups occurred during the immediate post-operative period on the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th, and 12th day post-surgery. At various stages (14, 42, and 60 days), the animals were euthanized, and tests were performed on their tibiae. These tests include histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses, computerized microtomography, sampling in light-cured resin for calcified sections, and confocal microscopy. The obtained data were then analyzed using One-way ANOVA and the Shapiro-Wilk, Kruskal-Wallis, and student t-tests (P<0.05). Results our findings indicate that the OZ group (3.26±0.20 mm) showed better cellular organization and bone neoformation at 14 days (SAL group, 0.90±1.42 mm) (P=0.001). Immunohistochemistry revealed that osteocalcin labeling was moderate in the OZ group and mild in the SAL group at 14 and 42 days post-surgery. The data from the analysis of calcified tissues (microtomography, histometric, and bone dynamism analysis) at 60 days showed no statistically significant differences between the groups (P=0.32). Conclusion it was concluded that ozone therapy anticipated the initial phases of the peri-implant bone repair process.

Lazer, saúde e trabalho no contexto das sociedades atuais: produção acadêmica de 2011 a 2022 / Leisure, health and work in the context of current societies: academic production from 2011 to 2022

É fundamental compreendermos os problemas de saúde que cometem significativa parcela da população brasileira como Síndrome de Burnout, depressão e ansiedade. Esses problemas são decorrentes do modelo de sociedade em que se vive, do tipo de relação que se tem com o trabalho e em virtude da diminuição da realização de atividades do contexto do lazer. Assim, o presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a produção acadêmica acerca do tema lazer, saúde e trabalho no contexto das sociedades atuais, no período de 2011 a 2022. Como procedimento metodológico foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica de naturezas qualitativa e quantitativas. A base dedados selecionada para a busca foi o Google Acadêmico. Foram selecionados 10 artigos no intervalo de publicação de 2011 a 2022. Como resultados, as atuais características do trabalho, bem como a forma com que a sociedade tem lidado com essa atividade humana tem levado ao adoecimento da população trabalhadora, sendo que as atividades do contexto do lazer podem fazer a diferença na vida das pessoas. A pesquisa com os dados quantitativos mostrou que os principais pontos foram: 2018, 2020 e 2022 foram os anos de maior produção bibliográfica; a região sul e sudeste são majoritárias na produção do tema nos últimos 12 anos; as palavras-chave com mais repetições nos artigos foram lazer, saúde e atividades de lazer; foi predominante o número de pesquisas qualitativas e bibliográficas.

It is essential to understand the health problems that affect a significant portion of the Brazilian population, such as Burnout Syndrome, depression and anxiety. These problems are due to the model of society in which we live, the type of relationship wehave with work and due to the decrease in carrying out activities in the context of leisure. Thus, the present study aims to analyze the academic production on leisure, health and work in the context of current societies, from 2011 to 2022. As a methodological procedure, a qualitative and quantitative bibliographic research was carried out. The database selected for the search was Google Scholar. 10 articles in the publication range from 2011 to 2022 were selected. As a result, the current characteristics of work, as well as the way in which society has dealt with this human activity, have led to mass illness in the working population, and activities in the context of leisure can make a difference in people's lives. A survey with quantitative data showed that the main points were: 2018, 2020 and 2022 were the years of greatest bibliographic production; the south and southeast regions are the majority in the production of the theme in the last 12 years; the keywords with the most repetitions in the articles were leisure, health and leisure activities; the number of qualitative and bibliographic research was predominant.

Feasible low bone density condition for assessing bioactivity in ex-in vivo and in vivo studies

Abstract Objective To choose a critical animal model for assessments of bone repair with implant installation by comparing senile rats (SENIL) to young ovariectomized rats (OXV). Methodology For the ex-in vivo study, the femurs were precursors for bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Cellular responses were performed, including cell viability, gene expression of osteoblastic markers, bone sialoprotein immunolocalization, alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineralized matrix formation. For the in vivo study, the animals received implants in the region of the bilateral tibial metaphysis for histometric, microtomography, reverse torque, and confocal microscopy. Results Cell viability showed that the SENIL group had lower growth than OVX. Gene expression showed more critical responses for the SENIL group (p<0.05). The alkaline phosphatase activity obtained a lower expression in the SENIL group, as for the mineralization nodules (p<0.05). The in vivo histological parameters and biomechanical analysis showed lower data for the SENIL group. The confocal microscopy indicated the presence of a fragile bone in the SENIL group. The microtomography was similar between the groups. The histometry of the SENIL group showed the lowest values (p<0.05). Conclusion In experimental studies with assessments of bone repair using implant installation, the senile model promotes the most critical bone condition, allowing a better investigation of the properties of biomaterials and topographic changes.

Epstein-Barr virus in gastric cancer and association with 30 bp del-latent membrane protein 1 polymorphism

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the frequencies of Epstein-Barr virus, types 1 and 2 infection, and 30 bp del-latent membrane protein 1 viral polymorphism in gastric adenocarcinomas, as well as to investigate the association between Epstein-Barr virus infection and tumor location, type, and the patient's sex. METHODS: Samples were collected from 38 patients treated at a university hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Epstein-Barr virus detection and genotyping were performed by polymerase chain reaction, followed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and staining by the silver nitrate method. RESULTS: Overall, 68.4% of patients had Epstein-Barr virus-positive tumors. Of these, 65.4% presented infection by Epstein-Barr virus type 1, 23.1% by Epstein-Barr virus type 2, and 11.5% had coinfection with types 1 and 2. The 30 bp del-latent membrane protein 1 polymorphism was found in 42.3% of Epstein-Barr virus-positive tumors, 23.1% had the wild-type virus, and 23.1% had the wild-type and the polymorphism concomitantly. In 11.5% of Epstein-Barr virus-positive tumors, it was impossible to determine whether there was polymorphism or not. Tumor location in the antrum (22 of 38) and diffuse type (27 of 38) were predominant. There was no significant difference in Epstein-Barr virus infection or the 30 bp del-latent membrane protein 1 polymorphism between men and women. CONCLUSION: Epstein-Barr virus infection was found in 68.4% of tumors investigated in this study. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first article showing the coinfection of Epstein-Barr virus types 1 and 2 in gastric carcinoma in Brazil.

Ingestão cáustica pediátrica em Minas Gerais ­ Brasil: um estudo observacional do Hospital Universitário de Uberlândia / Pediatric caustic ingestion in Minas Gerais ­ Brazil: an observational study at the University Hospital of Uberlândia

Introdução: Crianças menores de cinco anos são as principais vítimas de acidentes por ingestão de cáusticos, assim considerando a epidemiologia brasileira e dos riscos à exposição desses agentes ressalta-se a importância deste estudo que objetiva realizar uma análise descritiva dos casos de acidentes cáusticos em pacientes pediátricos atendidos em um hospital universitário de Minas Gerais. Método: Este é um estudo transversal descritivo, de caráter quantitativo, a partir dos dados obtidos de prontuários de pacientes pediátricos (0-13 anos) atendidos por ingestão de substâncias cáusticas, no Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (Minas Gerais, Brasil). Resultados: Foram levantados 132 prontuários de crianças atendidas por ingestão de substâncias cáusticas de janeiro de 2011 a abril de 2018. Os acidentes acometeram crianças na faixa etária de 08 meses a 12 anos, sendo que 82,60% dos casos ocorreram em ambiente domiciliar. Entre as principais substâncias ingeridas estão os produtos de limpeza, quanto à sua composição química predominaram soda cáustica, hipoclorito de sódio e amoníaco. A endoscopia digestiva alta (EDA) foi realizada em 104 pacientes. Quase 13% das crianças apresentaram estenose esofágica e necessitaram de dilatação esofágica. No período estudado, foram realizados 296 procedimentos de dilatações, com média de 17,4 procedimentos por paciente. Discussão: Considerando que os acidentes cáusticos são prevalentes em crianças menores de cinco anos e em ambiente domiciliar, as principais substâncias ingeridas são aquelas de caráter alcalino, que causam lesão no trato respiratório e gastrointestinal, sendo a principal consequência a estenose esofágica. Ademais, não há protocolos bem definidos para o manejo e a condução de pacientes que fizeram a ingestão dessas substâncias. As principais limitações do estudo foram o preenchimento incompleto dos prontuários analisados e os trâmites burocráticos para o acesso aos mesmos. Conclusão: Predominaram os acidentes cáusticos domiciliares e em crianças menores de 2 anos, o que implica a necessidade de ações educativas e preventivas. [au]

Introduction: Children under five years old are the principal victims of accidents caused by the ingestion of caustics, so considering Brazilian epidemiology and the risks of exposure to these agents the importance of this study is emphasized. This study aims to carry out a descriptive analysis of cases of caustic accidents in pediatric patients treated in a university hospital in Minas Gerais. Method: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study, with a quantitative character, based on data obtained from medical records of pediatric patients (0-13 years old) treated for ingestion of caustic agents at the Hospital of the Federal University of Uberlândia (Minas Gerais, Brazil). Results: We collected 132 medical records of children treated for ingestion of caustic substances from January 2011 to April 2018. The accidents affected children aged between 8 months and 12 years, with 82.60% of the cases occurring in the home environment. Among the main substances ingested are cleaning products, as for their chemical composition, caustic soda, sodium hypochlorite, and ammonia predominated. Upper digestive endoscopy (UGE) was performed in 104 patients. Almost 13% of the children had esophageal strictures and required esophageal dilation. During the study period, 296 dilatation procedures were performed, with an average of 17.4 procedures per patient. Discussion: Considering that caustic accidents are prevalent in children under five years of age and the home environment, the main substances ingested are those of an alkaline nature, which cause injury to the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract, the main consequence being esophageal stenosis. Furthermore, there are no well-defined protocols for the management of patients who have ingested these substances. The main limitations of the study were the incomplete filling of the medical records analyzed and the bureaucratic procedures for accessing them. Conclusion: Caustic accidents predominated in children under two years old in the home environment, which implies the need for educational and preventive actions. [au]

Análise epidemiológica dos casos de Aids no Sudeste brasileiro de 2010 a 2019 / Epidemiological analysis of Aids cases in Southeastern Brazil from 2010 to 2019 / Análisis epidemiológico de casos de Sida en el sudeste de Brasil de 2010 a 2019

Resumo Introdução: A epidemia de HIV e Aids representa um dos maiores problemas de saúde pública atualmente. No Brasil, estima-se que apenas 83 % das pessoas vivendo com HIV conhecem seu diagnóstico e somente 46 % possuem carga viral indetectável. Isso evidencia a necessidade de estudos voltados à compreensão do HIV e da Aids no Brasil, para a melhora das políticas públicas. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é realizar um levantamento de dados sobre o perfil epidemiológico de pacientes portadores de Aids no Sudeste brasileiro. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico descritivo, de caráter quantitativo. Os dados foram obtidos no SINAN. A análise restringiu-se ao período de janeiro de 2010 a junho de 2019. Resultados: No período analisado, o ano de 2017 apresentou a maior prevalência da doença (11,97 %). Além disso, observa-se uma tendência de crescimento no número de casos entre 2010 e 2014 e uma tendência decrescente nos últimos anos. O Rio de Janeiro foi o estado com maior número de novos casos (21,90 %) da Região Sudeste. Observou-se que os grupos com maior incidência de casos foram: sexo masculino (71,1 %), jovens e adultos (79,37 %), cor branca (46,67 %), ensino médio completo (19,71 %) e heterossexuais (46,94 %). Contudo, foi observado um aumento relativo da incidência entre homens homossexuais e entre os pardos. Além disso, a principal forma de transmissão foi via sexual (78,09 %). Conclusão: O estudo concluiu que são necessárias mais pesquisas acerca do tema, para acompanhar a epidemiologia da Aids e orientar medidas governamentais eficientes.

Abstract Introduction: The HIV and Aids epidemic represents one of the biggest public health problems today. In Brazil, it is estimated that only 83 % of people living with HIV know their diagnosis and only 46 % have an undetectable viral load. This highlights the need for studies aimed at understanding HIV and Aids in Brazil, to improve public policies. Thus, this study aims to conduct a survey of data on the epidemiological profile of Aids patients in Southeast Brazil. Methods: It is a descriptive, quantitative epidemiological study. The data was extracted from SINAN. The analysis was restricted to the period from January 2010 to June 2019. Results: In the analyzed period, 2017 had the highest prevalence of the disease (11,97 %). In addition, there was an increase in the number of cases between 2010 and 2014 and a drop over the last few years. Rio de Janeiro was the state with the highest number of new cases (21,90 %) in the Southeast Region. Results: The groups with the highest incidence of cases were: man (71,1 %), young and adults (79,37 %), white (46,67 %), high school graduates (19,71 %) and heterosexuals (46,94 %). However, a relative increase in incidence was observed among homosexual men and among browns. Also, sexual transmission was the most prevalent (78,09 %). Conclusion: The study concluded that more research on the topic is needed, to monitor the epidemiology of Aids and to guide efficient government measures.

Resumen Introducción: La epidemia de VIH y Sida representa un gran problema de salud pública actualmente. En Brasil, se estima que solo el 83 % de las personas que viven con el VIH conocen su diagnóstico y solo el 46 % tiene una carga viral indetectable. Esto resalta la necesidad de estudios que comprendan el VIH y el Sida en Brasil, para mejorar las políticas públicas. El objetivo de este estudio es realizar una encuesta de datos sobre el perfil epidemiológico de los pacientes con Sida en el sudeste de Brasil. Métodos: Es un estudio epidemiológico descriptivo y cuantitativo. Los datos se obtuvieron del SINAN. El análisis se restringió al período de enero de 2010 a junio de 2019. Resultados: En el período analizado, el año 2017 presentó la mayor prevalencia de la enfermedad (11,97 %). Existe una tendencia creciente en el número de casos entre 2010 y 2014 y una tendencia decreciente en los últimos años. Rio de Janeiro fue el estado con mayor número de casos nuevos (21,90 %) en la Región Sudeste. Se observó que los grupos con mayor incidencia de casos fueron: hombres (71,1 %), jóvenes y adultos (79,37 %), blancos (46,67 %), escuela secundaria completa (19,71 %) y heterosexuales (46,94 %). Sin embargo, se observó un aumento relativo en la incidencia entre hombres homosexuales y entre pardos. Además, la principal forma de transmisión fue la sexual (78,09 %). Conclusión: Se necesita más investigación sobre el tema, para monitorear la epidemiología del Sida y orientar medidas gubernamentales eficientes.

Profile of pharmaceutical interventions of a pharmacotherapeutic follow-up model for diabetic patients in a community pharmacy

Abstract The insertion of Pharmaceutical Care in Primary Health Care (PHC) improves patients' clinical outcomes and quality of life. Pharmacotherapeutic follow-up can contribute to the management of chronic diseases such as diabetes, promoting better glycemic control and adherence to therapy. This study aimed to assess the Drug-therapy Problems (DTPs) and Pharmacist Interventions (PIs) on the pharmacotherapeutic management in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a community pharmacy. A quantitative, retrospective, and cross-sectional study was conducted in a Pharmaceutical Care Program within the PHC in Juiz de Fora (Minas Gerais, Brazil). Inclusion criteria were patients with T2DM above 18, who attended at least three pharmaceutical consultations between July 2016 and October 2018 and presented two or more glycated hemoglobin tests. The study group (n = 17) was largely composed of women (65%), elderly (76%), sedentary (72%), and obese people (52%). The resolution was achieved in 79% of the DTPs identified (n = 115). Most of DTPs were related to administration and adherence to pharmacotherapy (46%). 60% of the 437 PIs involved the provision of information and counseling. In other words, accessible interventions lead to high resolvability. Therefore, clinical actuation of pharmacists could improve the prognosis in diabetes treatment

nequity in access to health and racism: epidemiological analysis during the COVID-19 pandemic / Desigualdad en el acceso a la salud y racismo: análisis epidemiológico durante la pandemia de COVID-19 / Iniquidades no acesso à saúde e racismo: análise epidemiológica durante a pandemia de COVID-19

ABSTRACT Objective:to analyze the epidemiological data of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), and the access to health of black people in Brazil during the pandemic, comparing them with previous years. Method:epidemiological, descriptive, and quantitative study of SARS cases in black patients, reported in the information system on epidemiological surveillance of influenzaof the Ministry of Health, between 2017 and 2020. Results:it was observed that, in 2020, there was an increase in the prevalence of SARS cases in blacks, in addition to a significant increase in lethality when compared to the general population. Furthermore, it was found that mortality was significantly higher in individuals with SARS who required ventilatory support. Conclusion:skin color is a determinant of several social and health vulnerabilities in Brazil and worldwide, having a direct impact on theincreased morbidity and mortality of the black population during the pandemic.

RESUMEN Objetivo:analizar los datos epidemiológicos del Síndrome Respiratorio Agudo Severo (SRAS) y el acceso a la salud de los negros en Brasil durante la pandemia, comparándolos con años anteriores. Método:estudio epidemiológico, descriptivo y cuantitativo de casos de SRAS en pacientes de raza negra, reportados en el sistema de información de vigilancia epidemiológica de Influenza del Ministerio de Salud, entre 2017 y 2020. Resultados:se observó que, en En 2020, hubo un aumento en la prevalencia de casos de SARS en negros, además de un aumento significativo en la letalidad en comparación con la población general. Además, se encontró que la mortalidad fue significativamente mayor en las personas con SARS que requirieron soporte ventilatorio. Conclusión:color de la piel es un determinante de varias vulnerabilidades sociales y de salud en Brasil y en todo el mundo, teniendo un impacto directo en el aumento de la morbilidad y mortalidad de la población negra durante la pandemia.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar os dados epidemiológicos da síndrome respiratória aguda grave (SRAG) e o acesso à saúde de pessoas negras no Brasil durante a pandemia, comparando-os com os anos anteriores.Método: estudo epidemiológico, descritivo e quantitativo de casos de SRAG em pacientes negros, notificados no sistema de informação em vigilância epidemiológica da influenza do Ministério da Saúde, entre 2017 e 2020. Resultados: observou-se que, em 2020, houve um aumento da prevalência dos casos de SRAG em negros, além de um aumento significativo da letalidade quando comparada à população em geral. Além disso, verificou-se que a mortalidade foi significativamente maior em indivíduos com SRAG que necessitaram de suporte ventilatório. Conclusão: a cor da pele é um determinante de diversas vulnerabilidades sociais e de saúde no Brasil e no mundo, tendo impacto direto no aumento da morbimortalidade da população negra durante a pandemia.

Violência contra a população negra na região sudeste do Brasil: uma análise epidemiológica / Violence against black people of southeast Brazil: an epidemiological analysis / Violencia contra la población negra en la región sureste de Brasil: un análisis epidemiológico

RESUMOObjetivo: conhecer o perfil epidemiológico dos casos de violência contra a população negra no Sudeste brasileiro. Método: estudo epidemiológico descritivo, de caráter quantitativo e comparativo, com dados dos casos de violência contra a população negra no Sudeste brasileiro de janeiro de 2009 a dezembro de 2018 do sistema de informação de agravos de notificação. Resultados: houve 386.373 notificações, e o número anual de casos cresceu no período. A violência contra mulheres foi72,48% dos casos. A idade mais acometida foi de 20 a 29 anos (22,98%). O local com o maior número de notificações de violência foi a residência das vítimas (61,46%), e os principais responsáveis pela violência foram o cônjuge (17,90%), própria pessoa (15,79%) e amigos/conhecidos (12,93%). Os tipos de violência mais comuns foram física (37,82%), de repetição (19,29%) e psico moral (14,90%).Conclusão: o perfil epidemiológico da violência contra a população negra revela um aumento anual no número de notificações nesse período, dados que refletem a opressão e a violência contra essa população, em especial às mulheres negras. Assim, são necessárias políticas públicas que atendam esses indivíduos buscando reduzir preconceitos e desigualdades estruturais.

ABSTRACTObjective: to meet the epidemiological profile of the cases of violence against the black population of brazillian Southeast. Method:descriptive epidemiological study, of quantitative and comparative character, with data from cases of violence against the black population in southeastern Brazil from January 2009 to December 2018 of the notifiable diseases information system. Results:there were 386.373 notifications, and the annual number of cases increased in the period. Violence against women was 72.48% of the cases. The most affected age was 20 to 29 years (22.98%). The place with the highest number of notifications of violence was the victims' residence (61.46%), and the main responsible for the violence were the spouse (17.90%), the person himself (15.79%) and friends / acquaintances (12.93%). The most common types of violence were physical (37.82%), repetitive (19.29%) and psycho-moral (14.90%). Conclusion:the epidemiological profile of violence against the black population reveals an annual increase in the number of notifications in this period, data that reflect oppression and violence against this population, especially for black women. Thus, public policies are needed to assist these individuals seeking to reduce prejudices and structural inequalities.

RESUMENObjetivo: conocer el perfil epidemiológico de los casos de violencia contra la población negra en el sureste de Brasil. Método: estudio epidemiológico descriptivo, de carácter cuantitativo y comparativo, con datos de casos de violencia contra la población negra en el sudeste de Brasil de enero de 2009 a diciembre de 2018 del sistema de información de enfermedades de declaración obligatoria. Resultados:hubo 386,373 notificaciones y el número anual de casos aumentó en el período. La violencia contra la mujer fue del 72,48% de los casos. La edad más afectada fue de 20 a 29 años (22,98%). El lugar con más notificaciones de violencia fue el domicilio (61,46%), y los principales responsables fueron el cónyuge (17,90%), la propia persona (15,79%) y los amigos/conocidos (12,93%). Los tipos de violencia más comunes fueron física (37,82%), repetitiva (19,29%) y psico-moral (14,90%). Conclusión: el perfil epidemiológico de la violencia contra la población negra revela un incremento anual en el número de notificaciones en este período, datos que reflejan la opresión y violenciacontra esta población, especialmente para las mujeres negras. Por lo tanto, se necesitan políticas públicas para reducir los prejuicios y las desigualdades estructurales a estas personas.

AIDS in the meeting of the Tapajós and Amazon rivers: deaths in the period 2010-2018 in Santarém, Pará, Brazil / AIDS no encontro dos rios Tapajós e Amazonas: óbitos no período de 2010-2018 em Santarém, Pará, Brasil

INTRODUCTION: The city of Santarém, the regional healthcare center in the western Pará State, lacks studies on the epidemic of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), in particular, on the causes of death. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the sociodemographic and clinical profile related to the evolution of HIV infection to death. METHODS: The sample consisted of 94 medical records of patients from a reference center in the city of Santarém-PA, who died between 2010-2018. Data were collected on the sociodemographic profile, immunological and clinical characteristics of the patients. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, adopting p<0.05. RESULTS: Most deaths were male (67%), aged between 15-29 years (39%) and diagnosed between 30-44 years (41%), single (54%), mixed race (91.5%), from Santarém (77%) and with sexual intercourse being the main type of exposure (95.7%). Most patients were not being treated at the moment of death (56.4%), the main cause of death was respiratory failure (5%), in which, these individuals had, at the moment of death, TCD4+ lymphocytes <200 cell/mm3 (26%) and detectable viral load (29%). CONCLUSION: The lifetime from diagnosis to death was 48.45±50,30 months, and immunosuppression in the diagnosis was positively associated with the shortest survival time. However, sex was not associated with the immunological profile, age at the time of diagnosis, and death. There was only a tendency for women towards immunosuppression and detectable viral load.

INTRODUÇÃO: A cidade de Santarém, o polo assistencial da região oeste do Pará, carece de estudos sobre a epidemia do vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV), especialmente, sobre as causas de óbitos. OBJETIVO: Caracterizar o perfil sociodemográfico e clínico relacionado à evolução da infecção pelo HIV até a morte. MÉTODO: A amostra foi de 94 prontuários de pacientes de um centro de referência do município de Santarém-PA, que evoluíram a óbito entre os anos de 2010-2018. Foram levantados os dados sobre o perfil sociodemográfico, características imunológicas e clínicas dos pacientes. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva e inferencial, adotando-se p<0,05. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos óbitos foi de indivíduos do sexo masculino (67%), com faixa etária do diagnóstico entre 15-29 anos (39%) e de falecimento entre 30-44 anos (41%), solteiros (54%), pardos (91,5%), procedentes de Santarém (77%) e com a relação sexual sendo o principal tipo de exposição (95,7%). A maioria dos pacientes não estava em tratamento no momento do óbito (56,4%), a principal causa de morte foi por insuficiência respiratória (5%), no qual, esses indivíduos apresentavam, no momento da morte, linfócitos TCD4+ <200 cél/mm3 (26%) e carga viral detectável (29%). CONCLUSÃO: O tempo de vida do diagnóstico ao óbito foi de 48,45±50,30 meses e a presença de imunossupressão no diagnóstico associou-se positivamente com o menor tempo de sobrevida. Contudo, o sexo não apresentou associação com o perfil imunológico, a idade no momento do diagnóstico e do óbito, apenas notou-se uma tendência das mulheres para a imunossupressão e carga viral detectável.

Fatores associados à não adesão à farmacoterapia em pessoas idosas na atenção primária à saúde no Brasil: uma revisão sistemática / Factors associated with non-adherence to pharmacotherapy in older people in primary health care in Brazil: a systematic review

Resumo Objetivos Identificar os fatores associados à não adesão à farmacoterapia em pessoas idosas brasileiras no âmbito da atenção primária à saúde (APS) através da realização de uma revisão sistemática da literatura. Método Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática da literatura nos idiomas inglês, espanhol e português, realizada na biblioteca eletrônica SciELO e nas bases de dados eletrônicas MEDLINE - via PubMed, LILACS, Embase e Web of Science no período de janeiro de 2010 a junho de 2020. A seleção dos estudos foi realizada de maneira independente por dois revisores, por meio do aplicativo de seleção Rayyan. Resultados Após a aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade, foram incluídos nove estudos na revisão sistemática. O principal método utilizado para mensurar o desfecho foi a Escala de Morisky-Green (4-itens). Os resultados apontam as dificuldades de acesso aos medicamentos, as multimorbidades, a polifarmácia, o uso de medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados para idosos, o grau de confiança no profissional médico, as crenças, a autopercepção de saúde negativa e a incapacidade funcional como os principais fatores associados à não adesão à farmacoterapia na APS. Conclusões No âmbito da APS, a não adesão à farmacoterapia pela população idosa se apresenta como um problema muito frequente, sendo desencadeado por múltiplos fatores e com consequências negativas para o controle das condições de saúde, para o uso racional de medicamentos e para um envelhecimento saudável. Destaca-se ainda que parte dos fatores associados são passíveis de intervenção nesse nível de atenção à saúde.

Abstract Objectives To identify the factors associated with non-adherence to pharmacotherapy in elderly Brazilians assisted by Primary Health Care (PHC) through a systematic review of the literature. Method This is a systematic literature review in English, Spanish, and Portuguese, performed in the SciELO electronic library and in the electronic databases MEDLINE - via PubMed, LILACS, Embase, and Web of Science from January 2010 to June 2020. Study selection was performed independently by two reviewers using the Rayyan selection application. Results After applying the eligibility criteria, nine studies were included in the systematic review. The most frequent method used to measure the outcome was the Morisky-Green Scale (4-items). The results point that the main factors related to non-adherence to pharmacotherapy in PHC are difficulties in medication access, multimorbidities, polypharmacy, the use of potentially inappropriate medications for the elderly, the degree of trust in the medical professional, beliefs, negative self-perception of health and functional disability. Conclusions In the context of PHC, non-adherence to pharmacotherapy by the elderly population presents itself as a very frequent problem, being triggered by multiple factors and with negative consequences for the control of health conditions, the rational use of medications, and healthy aging. It is also noteworthy that part of the associated factors are subject to intervention at this level of health care.

Epidemiologia da COVID-19 em Uberlândia (MG): análise preliminar do impacto do grau de abertura comercial / Epidemiology of COVID-19 in Uberlândia (MG): preliminary analysis of the impact of commercial activities's openness / Epidemiología del COVID-19 en Uberlândia (MG): análisis preliminar del impacto del grado de apertura comercial

Objetivo: analisar os dados epidemiológicos da COVID-19 em Uberlândia e confrontá-los com as determinações municipais de abertura e fechamento comercial em diferentes momentos da pandemia. Método: trata-se de estudo epidemiológico, observacional e descritivo, utilizando dados secundários, referente aos casos notificados da COVID-19 em Uberlândia. Resultados: foram realizados 59.994 testes, sendo 14.389 positivos (23,98%) e 45.605 negativos (76,02%). Registraram-se 265 óbitos e taxa de letalidade de 1,89%. Casos confirmados apresentaram tendência de crescimento após abertura comercial, tendência de estabilização após fechamento comercial, e tendência de queda após a última reabertura comercial, acompanhada de acúmulo de testes suspeitos e queda da testagem populacional. Entre os internados diários, houve predomínio de homens (59%), maiores de 60 anos (55%) e alocados em leitos de enfermaria (55%). Conclusão: percebeu-se expressiva influência do grau de abertura comercial nos indicadores da doença, com incremento da frequência de testes positivos e óbitos, e manutenção das internações.(AU)

Objective: to analyze COVID-19's epidemiological data in Uberlândia and compare them with the municipal determinations of opening and closing of commercial's acitivities at different times of the pandemic. Method: this is an epidemiological, observational and descriptive study, using secondary data, referring to notified cases of COVID-19 in Uberlândia. Results: 59,994 tests were performed, of which 14,389 were positive (23.98%) and 45,605 negative (76.02%). There were 265 deaths and a fatality rate of 1.89%. Confirmed cases showed a growth tendency after commercial opening, a stabilization tendecy after commercial closing, and a downward tendecy after the last commercial reopening, accompanied by an accumulation of suspicious tests and a drop in population testing. Among daily inpatients, there was a predominance of men (59%), older than 60 years old (55%) and allocated to infirmary beds (55%). Conclusion: there was a significant influence of the degree of commercial opening in the indicators of the disease, with an increase in the frequency of positive tests and deaths, and maintenance of hospitalizations.(AU)

Objetivo: analizar los datos epidemiológicos de COVID-19 en Uberlândia y confrontarlos con las determinaciones municipales de apertura y cierre comercial en diferentes momentos de la pandemia. Método: se trata de un estudio epidemiológico, observacional y descriptivo, utilizando datos secundarios, referidos a los casos notificados de COVID-19 en Uberlândia. Resultados: se realizaron 59.994 pruebas, de las cuales 14.389 fueron positivas (23,98%) y 45,605 negativas (76,02%). Hubo 265 muertes y una tasa de mortalidad del 1,89%. Los casos confirmados mostraron una tendencia de crecimiento después de la apertura comercial, una tendencia de estabilización después del cierre comercial y una tendencia a la baja después de la última reapertura comercial, acompañada de una acumulación de pruebas sospechosas y una caída en las pruebas de población. Entre los internados diarios, hubo predominio de hombres (59%), mayores de 60 años (55%) y asignados a camas de enfermería (55%). Conclusión: hubo una influencia significativa del grado de apertura comercial en los indicadores de la enfermedad, con un aumento en la frecuencia de pruebas positivas y muertes, y mantenimiento de hospitalizaciones.(AU)

Cinco semanas de pré-temporada alteram o consumo máximo de oxigênio e a composição corporal de futebolistas? / Do five weeks of preseason change the maximum oxygen uptake and body composition of soccer players?

O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar as alterações do consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2max) e da composição corporal de atletas profissionais de futebol após cinco semanas de pré-temporada. A amostra foi composta por atletas profissionais de futebol do sexo masculino participantes da série A1 primeira divisão do campeonato pernambucano do ano 2019 (n=22; idade: 24,0±3,6 anos). Foi avaliado, na pré-temporada e após cinco semanas de treinamento, o VO2max através do teste de 1600m, bem como variáveis antropométricas e um teste t pareado foi aplicado para verificar a diferença entre as médias pré vs. pós-treinamento. Houve melhora significativa nas varáveis analisadas com redução no índice de massa corporal (IMC), circunferência da cintura (CC), relação cintura-estatura (Rcest), percentual de gordura corporal e aumento no Vo2máx após cinco semanas de treinamento específico para jogadores de futebol profissional na fase de preparação física inicial (<0.05). Conclui-se que cinco semanas de preparação física em jogadores de futebol profissional foram suficientes para o aumento do VO2max e a redução de variáveis da composição corporal (IMC, CC, Rcest e percentual de gordura dos atletas).

The aim of the present study was to verify changes in maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) and body composition in professional soccer athletes after five weeks of pre-season. The sample consisted of male professional soccer players participating of the first division series (A1) of the Pernambucano championship in 2019 (n= 22; age: 24.0±3.6 years). In the pre-season and after five weeks of training was evaluated VO2max through the 1600m test, as well as anthropometric variables. Paired t test was applied to verify the difference between the pre vs. post training. There was a significant improvement in the variables analyzed, with a reduction in body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-height ratio (Rcest), body fat percentage and an increase in VO2max after five weeks of specific training for professional football players (<0.05). Five weeks of physical preparation in professional soccer players, it was enough to increase VO2max and reduce body composition variables (BMI, WC, Rcest and athletes' fat percentage).

Prevalência de sofrimento psíquico em pessoas idosas: um estudo de base comunitária / Prevalence of psychic suffering in old people: a community-based study

Resumo Objetivos Verificar a prevalência do sofrimento psíquico em uma população de idosos da comunidade e analisar a sua correlação com idade, anos de escolaridade, nível socioeconômico, sexo, morbidade referida, autopercepção de saúde, autopercepção visual, autopercepção auditiva e síndromes geriátricas (fragilidade, medo de cair, capacidade funcional e quedas). Método Estudo transversal com 315 idosos, não institucionalizados, residentes em Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brasil, em 2015. Os dados foram coletados através de inquérito domiciliar e o sofrimento psíquico pode ser observado naquela população idosa com a aplicação do Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4). Para verificar a associação da variável desfecho com as variáveis explicativas, usou-se teste qui-quadrado (χ²) de Pearson. O nível de significância adotado no estudo foi de 5%. Resultados A prevalência de sofrimento psíquico entre os idosos foi de 41,8% (IC95% 36,5-47,4%). Verificou-se associação entre o PHQ-4 e sexo (ρ=0,001), morbidade referida (ρ=0,020), autopercepção de saúde (ρ<0,001), autopercepção visual (ρ=0,001), autopercepção auditiva (ρ=0,034), capacidade funcional (ρ=0,003) e fragilidade (ρ=0,000) Conclusões o sofrimento psíquico é uma condição frequente entre idosos. O conhecimento dos fatores associados a esse evento pode contribuir para um modelo de cuidado em saúde que estimule o envelhecimento ativo e saudável.

Abstract Objectives To verify the prevalence of psychic suffering in an old population in the community and analyze its correlation with age, years of education, socioeconomic level, gender, reported morbidity, self-perceived health, visual self-perception, self-perception of hearing, and geriatric syndromes (frailty, fear of falling, functional capacity, and falls). Method A cross-sectional study with 315 non-institutionalized old people living in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil, in 2015. Data were collected through a household survey, and the psychic suffering can be observed in that old population with the use of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4). The Pearson's chi-square test (χ²) was used to verify the association between the outcome variable and the explanatory variables. The level of significance adopted in the study was 5%. Results The prevalence of psychic suffering among the old people was 41.8% (95% CI 36.5-47.4%). There was an association between the PHQ-4 and gender (ρ=0.001), reported morbidity (ρ=0.020), self-perceived health (ρ <0.001), visual self-perception (ρ=0.001), self-perception of hearing (ρ=0.034), functional capacity (ρ=0.003), and fragility (ρ=0.000). Conclusions psychic suffering is a common condition among old people. Knowledge of the factors associated with this event can contribute to a health care model that encourages active and healthy aging.

Esporotricose brasileira: desdobramentos de uma epidemia negligenciada / Brazilian sporotrichosis: development of a neglected epidemic

A esporotricose é uma micose subcutânea de distribuição mundial, sendo observada em surtos de proporções variáveis, com predominância em áreas de clima temperado e tropical. Algumas áreas de endemicidade já foram relatadas. No Brasil, seus agentes etiológicos encontraram não só condições climáticas e estruturais ideais, mas também fontes de infecções extremamente eficientes. Nas últimas décadas, o país tem observado um aumento exponencial no número de casos de esporotricose humana e animal. Esse aumento e o surgimento de resistência aos antifúngicos tornam a situação alarmante. Apesar de essa epidemia se perpetuar há anos, existem poucas políticas de saúde no Brasil para o controle dos casos de esporotricose humana e animal, principalmente na atenção primária à saúde. Assim, intervenções sociais, ambientais e populacionais devem ser feitas para conter essa epidemia negligenciada.

Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis with a worldwide distribution, which has been observed in outbreaks of variable proportions in all continents, with predominance in temperate and tropical climate zones. Some areas of endemicity have already been reported. In Brazil, its etiological agents found not only ideal climatic and structural conditions, but also extremely efficient sources of infections. In the last decades, the country has suffered an exponential increase in the number of human and animal cases of sporotrichosis. This increase, combined with the emergence of antifungal resistance makes the situation alarming. Although this epidemic has been perpetuating for years, there are few health policies in Brazil to control it/the disease, especially in primary health care. Therefore, social, environmental and population-based interventions should be organized in order to contain this neglected epidemic.

Evaluation of adherence to pharmacological treatment

The adherence to therapy associated with the socio-demographic variables and the habits of patients with hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus were investigated in this study. The registration forms of 105 patients in the Hiperdia program in the municipality of Campina Grande-PB were used as a data collection instrument, applying the Morisky-Green test (MGT) and Batalla test (BT) to assess compliance treatment. For the MGT, there was a prevalence of non-adherent individuals (76.2%) and the type of predominant behavior was unintentional. The internal consistency of the responses obtained through the MGT presented good reliability, according to the value of 0.69 obtained by Cronbach's alpha. For the BT, there was a predominance of adherence (68.6%) and the alpha value was 0.80, showing a high reliability level. It was found that a diet lacking in salt is a strong impact variable for determining the adherence to the BT. Given the representativity of the tests, there is a need to amend the interferences that facilitate the low adherence to drug treatment. The results of this study can be used to construct strategies that will address these difficulties and optimize the adherence level and quality of life of patients.

Oviposition of Aedes aegypti Linnaeus, 1762 and Aedes albopictus Skuse, 1894 (Diptera: Culicidae) under laboratory and field conditions using ovitraps associated to different control agents, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of different control agents of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus associated with ovitraps under laboratory and field conditions. Five treatments were used: grass infusion + Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (gI + Bti), grass infusion + Saccharopolyspora spinosa (gI + Ss), grass infusion + Pyriproxyfen (gI + P), distilled water + Toxorhynchites haemorrhoidalis (dW + Th), and grass infusion (gI) (control). The highest mean number of eggs of both species were obtained with grass infusion in the laboratory. Among control agents, the lowest mean of A. aegypti eggs occurred with gI + Ss and the lowest mean of A. albopictus eggs occurred with dW + Th. There was no difference between treatments in A. aegypti (P = 0.4320) and A. albopictus (P = 0.7179). In the field, the highest mean number of eggs for both species were obtained with gI + Ss, and the lowest values were obtained with gI + P (P = 0.0124). The treatments can be applied to both the surveillance and the control, but ovitraps with biological larvicide Bti were more effective and safer considering the number of eggs laid and selectivity of pathogens for mosquitoes.

A fatal and metabolic experimental hemorrhagic shock in immature swine

Abstract Purpose: To use blood lactate (BL) as an end-point metabolic marker for the begin resuscitation of volume replacement in experimental hemorrhagic shock. Methods: Group I (n=7) was not bled (Control). Animals in Group II (n=7) were bled to a MAP of 30mmHg in thirty minutes. Hemodynamic and metabolic data were recorded at Baseline, at 30, 60 and 120 minutes after Baseline. The animals were intubated in spontaneous breathing (FIO2=0.21) with halothane. Results: Group I all survived. In Group II all died; no mortality occurred before a BL<10mM/L. Beyond the end-point all animals exhibited severe acidemia, hyperventilation and clinical signs of shock. Without treatment all animals died within 70.43±24.51 min of hypotension shortly after reaching an average level of BL 17.01±3.20mM/L. Conclusions: Swine's breathing room air spontaneously in hemorrhagic shock not treated a blood lactate over 10mM/L results fatal. The predictable outcome of this shock model is expected to produce consistent information based on possible different metabolic and hemodynamic patterns as far as the type of fluid and the timing of resuscitation in near fatal hemorrhagic shock.