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Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus belongs to a group of diseases labelled as lifestyle diseases and is on the rise in Asians especially Indians. Hence finding bio-markers is important to warn people and create awareness. Aim of the present study is to estimate waist-hip ratio, waist circumference in type 2 diabetic patients with respect to gender. Methods: A cross-sectional, community based study was conducted from February 2014 to February 2015 among adults in the age group of 30 year and above residing in area covered under UHTC of Bareilly City. A simple random sampling technique was adopted to achieve the desired sample size. 640 is the sample size came out to be by applying 3.8 4𝑃𝑄/d2 formula. Subject’s waist circumference, waist-hip ratio was measured in study samples. House to house survey was done for collecting data. Data tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis. Results: Prevalence of DM and IFG was more in those who were having high waist circumference and the association was also found to be statistically significant. The association was also found statistically significant between male high waist hip ratio and Diabetes Mellitus but no association was seen between female’s high waist-hip ratio and Diabetes Mellitus.Conclusions: High waist circumference can be a screening procedure for DM individuals in both sexes, but the same scenario we haven’t seen in high waist hip ratio among females and prevalence of DM. Appropriate waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio values are complex because they are likely influenced by gender and other factors.
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Background: Pain and fear of pain makes dental treatmentvery difficult for clinician as well as patients. Minimizing fearand anxiety can help to treat patients more comfortably.Various techniques like audio distraction, audio visualdistraction are used to minimize anxiety.Aim: To compare audio and audio-visual distractiontechniques in managing dental anxiety.Methods: 100 children visiting the Department of Dentistry,UPUMS, Saifai for routine dental care were examined. Theselected 100 children were randomly allocated to 2 groups.Group 1: audio distraction and Group 2: audiovisual group.Results: Venham’s anxiety scale was found to be lower inaudiovisual distraction group, although the difference was notfound to be statistically significant during all the visits.Relatively less increase in pulp rate was also observed in audiovisual distraction group in current study.Conclusion: Audiovisual distraction technique can bepreferred over audio distraction in paediatric patients
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Ropivacaine and levobupivacaine are less cardiovascular and central nervous system toxic, being an alternative to bupivacaine. Butorphanol, an opioid significantly prolongs the duration of the local anaesthetics. Methods: A comparative, Prospective, Randomized, Clinical study was conducted in 60 patients of either sex of ASA I,II ,with age group 18-60 years undergoing upper limb orthopaedic surgeries under USG guided Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus block. Patients were randomly allocated to Group L: 30ml 0.5% Levobupivacaine+600 mcg Butorphanol. Group R: 30ml 0.5% Ropivacaine with 600mcg Butorphanol. Block characteristics were compared as a primary outcome. The data were analyzed with Student-t test. Results: Heart rate, Mean BP, Onset and duration of sensory and motor blockade, Post-op VAS score(every 1 hour for 16hours) were compared intraoperative as well as in the postoperative period. Demographic and hemodynamic data were comparable. All hemodynamic parameters compared were insignificant (P>0.5%).The onset of sensory and motor was significantly earlier in GROUP L (P =0.0048, P=0.002) compared to GROUP R. The duration of sensory and motor block was significantly higher in GROUP L (P=0.00073, P=0.00021). Group R required rescue analgesic earlier than Group L. Conclusion: Though both are long acting and safer than bupivacaine, Levobupivacaine is better than ropivacaine in terms of early onset of sensory-motor blockade and prolonged duration of sensory-motor blockade. Butorphanol augments the efficacy of local anesthetics without any untoward side effects.
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Background: Bareilly is famous for its manjha all over the world. More than 20,000 workers are engaged in the making the Manjha in Bareilly which is an important unorganized sector in western Uttar Pradesh. Objective was to study health profile of manjha makers in district Bareilly.Methods: The workers engaged in making manjha were randomly approached in the selected areas and interviewed using a semi open ended questionnaire. Responses were marked based on duration and severity of symptoms.Results: The mean age of study participants was 31±9.9 years. The mean age of starting manjha making was 15.3±6.7 years. 51 (47.2%) study participants were having wounds and cuts in hands and fingers.Conclusions: Manjha makers are in direct contact with inhalable glass dust (silica dust) and chemical colors which can reach the circulation through cuts and wounds. The higher prevalence of musculoskeletal and respiratory symptoms as well as other symptoms like cut wounds in hands and possible absorption of dyes through cuts underlines the need of a larger study to know the factors causing these symptoms and ways to prevent the suffering of manjha makers.
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Background: Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a common disorder that affects millions of individuals each year. PUD has a major impact on our health-care system by accounting for roughly 10% of medical costs for gastrointestinal diseases. Helicobacter pylori infection and the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the predominant causes of PUD overall, PU mortality and hospitalization rates have declined for the past two decades, but complications such as PU perforation and bleeding remain a substantial health-care problem. Materials and Methods: A prospective 1-year study conducted in 116 cases of peptic perforation admitted in surgical wards of Sanjay Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Rewa, M.P., during the study period June 2016–May 2017. All patients suspected of peptic perforation were admitted to surgery ward and underwent emergency exploratory laparotomy. Post-operatively, H. pylori serological test to detect IgG antibody was done with patients’ blood serum. Their findings were recorded in a pro forma and master chart. The information obtained was tabulated and analyzed. Results: The incidence of H. pylori infection in our study was found to be 31.03%, i.e., 36 cases of 116 cases. Conclusion: Tobacco chewing, smoking, alcohol, inadvertent use of analgesics, and H. pylori infection are the most common predisposing factors for PUD, and patients’ inability to get proper and complete treatment is responsible for peptic perforation. Early hospitalization and urgent surgical intervention can significantly reduce the post operative morbidity and mortality in peptic ulcer perforation patients. Post-operative H. pylori eradication therapy and follow-up endoscopic facilities in patients found positive for H. pylori can reduce recurrence rates and subsequently the burden of this disease
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Background: McCoy laryngoscope and video laryngoscopes are being increasingly used and have a definitive advantage over conventional laryngoscopes in management of potentially difficult airways. The aim of our study was to compare relative effectiveness of McCoy laryngoscope and True view PCDTM video laryngoscope in patients undergoing oral tracheal intubation. Methods: Fifty patients of American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) grade I and II, aged 20 – 50 years, posted for elective surgery under general anaesthesia were randomly allocated into Group T (Truview group, n=25) and Group M (McCoy group, n=25). The two groups were compared for demographic data, intubation difficulty score (IDS), Cormack-Lehane (CL) grade, POGO score, time to intubation, number of intubation attempts and haemodynamic parameters. Results: The demographic data and ASA status was comparable in both the groups. Group T had a significantly less IDS score as compared to Group M (p < 0.001). Seventeen patients in Group T and 8 patients in Group M had IDS = 0. The CL grade and POGO scores were better in Group T than in Group M. Intubation was successful in the first attempt in 94% patients in Group T and 88% patients in Group M. There was a transient increase in HR and NIBP after intubation in both the groups which returned back to the baseline within 5 minutes. No incidence of hypoxia and airway trauma was noted in the two groups.Conclusion: Truview PCDTM video laryngoscope resulted in better glottic visualization with lower IDS than McCoy laryngoscope in patients undergoing oral tracheal intubation.
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Background: Adolescence, a period of transition between childhood and adulthood, occupies a crucial position in the life of human beings. The primary causes of under nutrition in India are its large population, socio-economic differences and inadequate access to health facilities. Nutritional assessments among adolescents are important as they are the future parents and constitute a potentially susceptible group. Studies on the assessment of nutritional status of adolescents are less in number and a National database has not yet been developed. Methods: The present hospital based cross sectional study was conducted in year 2013 among 344 rural adolescents of 10-19 years age (166 boys and 178 girls) attending the outpatient department at rural health training centre (RHTC) Dhaura Tanda, district Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, belonging to the Muslim and Hindu caste communities. The nutritional status was assessed in terms of under nutrition (weight-for-age below 3rd percentile), stunting (Height-for-age below 3rd percentile) and thinness (BMI-for-age below 5th percentile). Diseases were accepted as such as diagnosed by pediatrician, skin specialist and medical officer. Results: The prevalence of underweight, stunting and thinness were found to be 32.8%, 19.5% and 26.7% respectively. The maximum prevalence of malnutrition was observed among early adolescents (28%-47%) and the most common morbidities were URTI (38.6%), diarrhea (16.8%), carbuncle / furuncle (16%) and scabies (9.30%). Conclusion: The study concluded that the most common morbidities among adolescents were related to nutrition and personal hygiene. Regular health programmes should focus to educate and promote health among adolescent.