ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Diarrhea is an infectious disease caused by bacterial, virus, or protozoan, and dengue is caused by virus, included among the neglected diseases in several underdeveloped and developing countries, with an urgent demand for new drugs. Considering the antidiarrheal potential of species of Maytenus genus, a phytochemical investigation followed by antibacterial activity test with extracts of branches and heartwood and bark of roots from Maytenus gonoclada were conducted. Moreover, due the frequency of isolation of lupeol from Maytenus genus the antiviral activity against Dengue virus and cytotoxicity of lupeol and its complex with β-cyclodextrins were also tested. The results indicated the bioactivity of ethyl acetate extract from branches and ethanol extract from heartwood of roots of M. gonoclada against diarrheagenic bacteria. The lupeol showed potent activity against Dengue virus and low cytotoxicity in LLC-MK2 cells, but its complex with β-cyclodextrin was inactive. Considering the importance of novel and selective antiviral drug candidates the results seem to be promising.
Subject(s)
Antiviral Agents/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Maytenus/chemistry , Dengue Virus/drug effects , Pentacyclic Triterpenes/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Antidiarrheals/pharmacology , Antiviral Agents/isolation & purification , Cell Line , Maytenus/classification , Pentacyclic Triterpenes/isolation & purification , Anti-Bacterial Agents/isolation & purification , Antidiarrheals/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: The heptapeptide angiotensin-(1-7) is a component of the renin-angiotensin system, which promotes many beneficial cardiovascular effects, including antithrombotic activity. We have recently shown that the antithrombotic effect of angiotensin-(1-7) involves receptor Mas-mediated NO-release from platelets. Here, we describe an orally active formulation based on angiotensin-(1-7) inclusion in cyclodextrin [Ang-(1-7)- CyD] as an antithrombotic agent. Cyclodextrins are pharmaceutical tools that are used to enhance drug stability, absorption across biological barriers and gastric protection. METHOD: To test the antithrombotic effect of Ang-(1-7)-CyD, thrombus formation was induced in the abdominal vena cava of spontaneously hypertensive rats that were pretreated either acutely or chronically with Ang-(1-7)-CyD. Male Mas-knockout and wild-type mice were used to verify the role of the Mas receptor on the effect of Ang-(1-7)-CyD. RESULTS: Acute or chronic oral treatment with Ang-(1-7)-CyD promoted an antithrombotic effect (measured by thrombus weight; all values are, respectively, untreated vs. treated animals) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (acute: 2.86 + 0.43 mg vs. 1.14 + 0.40 mg; chronic: 4.27 + 1.03 mg vs. 1.39 + 0.68 mg). This effect was abolished in Mas-knockout mice (thrombus weight in Mas wild-type: 0.76 + 0.10 mg vs. 0.37 + 0.02 mg; thrombus weight in Mas-knockout: 0.96 + 0.11 mg vs. 0.87 + 0.14 mg). Furthermore, the antithrombotic effect of Ang-(1-7)-CyD was associated with an increase in the plasma level of Angiotensin-(1-7). CONCLUSION: These results show for the first time that the oral formulation Ang-(1-7)-CyD has biological activity and produces a Mas-dependent antithrombotic effect.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Rats , Angiotensin I/therapeutic use , Fibrinolytic Agents/therapeutic use , Peptide Fragments/therapeutic use , Venous Thrombosis/drug therapy , Disease Models, Animal , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Mice, Knockout , Rats, Inbred SHRABSTRACT
En el presente trabajo se describe la preparación y caracterización del acetato, propionato y butirato de rodio(II), y sus respectivos compuestos de inclusión y/o asociación con ß-ciclodextrina (ßCD). Estos complejos fueron caracterizados por análisis elemental (CHN), espectroscopia de absorción en la región de infrarrojo (IR), análisis térmico (TG/DTG/ DSC), difracción de rayos X en polvo (DRX), espectroscopia de resonancia magnética nuclear de protón y de carbo-no-13 (RMN ¹H, 13C). Además, se realizaron experimentos para la determinación de tiempos de relajación longitudinal (T1 lH) en Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning (CP/MAS). Los resultados encontrados a través de estos métodos indican la formación de compuestos de asociación y/o inclusión parcial entre los carboxilatos de rodio(II) acetato, propio-nato y butirato con ß-ciclodextrina.
This article describes the preparation and characterization of rhodium (II) acetate, propionate and butyrate, and their inclusion and/or association compounds with ß-cyclodextrin (ßCD). The characterization of the compounds in this study was performed by elemental analysis (CHN), FTIR spectroscopy, thermal analysis (TG/DTG/DSC), XRD powder pattern diffraction, ¹Hand 13C nuclear magnetic resonance in solution 13C, and 31PCP/ MAS NMR in solid state. Besides, experiments for the determination oflongitudinal T1 relaxation times were also used. The results indicated the formation of inclusion or association compounds between rhodium (II) carboxylates (acetate, propionate or butyrate) and ß-cyclodextryn.
Neste artigo descreve-se a preparação e caracterização de acetato, propionato e butirato de ródio(II), seus respectivos compostos de inclusão ou associação com ß-ciclodextrina (ßCD). Estes compostos de estudo foram caraterizados por análise elementar (CHN), espectroscopia de absorção na região de infravermelho (IV), análise térmica (TG/DTG/DSC), difração de raios-X em pó (DRX), espectrome-tria de ressonância magnética nuclear de próton e de carbono-13. Além disso, se conduziram experimentos para a determinação de tempos de relaxação longitudinal (Tj ¹H) em solução e de espectros no estado sólido de 13C CP-MAS, "Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning". Os resultados encontrados através desses métodos indicaram a formação de compostos de associação ou inclusão parcial entre os carboxilatos de ródio(II) acetato, propionato e butirato com a ß-ciclodex-trina.