Effect of the formalin vapors on the lacrimal gland in the albino rats

Formalin is an important maternal used as a fixative agent in the dissecting rooms of the medical schools and research institutes sterilizing agent to the patient rooms in the hospitals, and adhesive material in plastic manufactures. Formalin is highly volatile chemical material and potentially occupational exposed to its vapors are anatomists, histologists, pathologist, biologist, surgeons and medical students. The majority of the studies on the formalin vapors were done devoted to the effect of formalin on the respiratory system but little attention to the effect of the formalin vapors on the lacrimal gland. This study was performed to investigate the structural alteration of the lacrimal gland under effect of formalin vapors. Twenty adult male albino rats, each average weight [200 gms], they aged about one year old were used in this study and the lacrimal gland ultrastructure were evaluated after three months of formalin vapors exposure. The structure of the lacrimal gland was affected by formalin vapors where the lacrimal acini became irregular in shape with wide irregular lumen and reduction of the secretory vesicles with irregularity in its surface and some of them were ruptured. The nucleus of the lacrimal cells has dark chromatin with irregular nuclear envelop and degenerative areas in the cytoplasm associated with lymphocytes infiltration. The mitochondrial degeneration were apparent and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum were contained variable size vacuoles

Ultra structural of the human placenta under effect of the pre eclampsia

The human placenta is a transient organ that mediates physiological exchange between the mother and the developing fetus. It is genetically programmed for an existence of 9 months, It is important to realize that the placenta has both fetal and maternal parts and is therefore composed of cells of two different genotypes, also it focused by some diseases, the pre-eclampsia is one of them the incidence of pre eclampsia varies between 5 and 10 per cent depending on the exact definition used and the population studied, the pre-eclampsia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in both the mother and fetus, the etiology and pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia is unknown, but reduced choriodecidual blood flow and uteroplacental ischemia is constant features, This study was performed to investigate the ultra structural changes of the placenta under effect of pre-eclampsia. Twenty full term [38-40 weeks of gestation] placentae were used in this study, 10 placentae obtained from normal females aged thirty to thirty five years old after normal vaginal delivery, the other 10 placentae obtained from females aged thirty to thirty five years old and diagnosed pre-eclampsia patient, Two samples were taken from the maternal surface and prepared to examined by the electron microscope. The structure of the placenta was affected in the patient suffering from pre-eclampsia where the nucleus of the trophoblast cells has dark chromatin with irregularity in the nuclear envelop, the cytoplasm were contained degenerative areas and irregular shaped vacuoles the mitochondrial degeneration were apparent, the fibroblast and lymphocytes infiltration were found, the wall of the villus blood vessels was thick with damage of the endothelial lining, also the microvilli on the outer surface of the syncytiotrophoblast were reduced and rudimentary

Effect of the hypothyroidism on the skeletal muscle [Soleus] of the adult male albino rat

The thyroid gland is one of the most important endocrine organs that almost all cells of the body are target sites for its hormones, the thyroid state influences markedly both cardiac and skeletal muscles as has been previously reported by many authors. Concerning the skeletal muscles, the hypothyroidism causes atrophy of the muscle fiber and abnormal accumulation of the glycogen. These findings allow a new field for researchers to study the histological picture of the skeletal muscle and the correlation between muscle/body weight ratios in the hypothyroidism. The present study is planned to throw more light on the structure of the skeletal muscle [soleus] and body weight evaluation in the experimentally induced hypothyroid of adult male albino rats. Twenty healthy adult male albino rats, average weight [170 gms each] were used in this study, the body weight evaluated monthly and the skeletal muscle structure was examined histological by light and electron-microscopes after three months of experimentally hypothyroidism. The body weight of the animals were reduced with statistical significant and the skeletal muscle structure affected by experimentally hypothyroidism, where disorganization of the muscle fibers with clear atrophic changes, reduction of the mitochondria and areas of degeneration with abnormal accumulation of glycogen in the skeletal muscle fibers

Histological study on the human gubernaculums in descended and undescended testis

The gubernaculum is a fibrous cord connecting the caudal pole of the testis with the scrotum. The regression of the extra-abdominal part of the gubernaculum in prenatal and early stage of postnatal life plays an integral role in testicular descent. Researchers claim that the undescended testis is a condition caused by failure of the gubernaculum to function, particularly in infants suffering from neuromuscular diseases and myopathies. To provide more information on the role of the gubernaculum in testicular descent, the structure of the gubernaculum was examined in cases of descended and undescended testis. The study was performed at both the light and electron microscopic levels. The gubernaculum biopsies were taken from 20 children with undescended testis, the control biopsies were obtained from 5 children [3 and 5 years old] who suffered from inguinal hernia but with descended testis. The specimens were prepared for light and electron microscopic examination. The histological examination revealed that the gubernaculum in 75% of undescended testis contained large amount of fat cells, a small amount of collagen fibers, and wide interstitial spaces, compared to the control group. The results suggest that the lack of testicular descent is probably caused by loss of retractibility of the gubernaculum

Doppler ultrasonogragshic evaluation of portal circulation in patients of portal hypertension treated by splenectomy, devascularization and oesophageal transection

The portal hypertension with bleeding oesophageal varicose is a major medical problem in Egypt, the risk of death from 10% to 40% in these patients due to massive secondary heamorrhage. Splenectomy, Devascularization and Oesophageal Transection is one of the most important lines was used to treatment of bleeding oesophageal varices in patients suffering from portal hypertension particularly after failure of upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy. The doppler Ultrasonography is simple,non invasive investigation to determine the blood vessels diameter, direction of blood flow, blood volume and degree of vascular congestion. The portal circulation evaluated pre and post operative by doppler Ultrasonography in 50 patients [41 males and 9 females] suffering from portal hypertension and oesophageal varices [Child A or Child B] and treated by Splenectomy, Devascularization and Oesophageal Transection to determine the degree of correction of the hemodynamic state. The portal vein diameter decreased after the operation by 1.5 mm, cross sectional area by 0.42 cm while its flow velocity increased after the operation by 3.22 ' cm/sec Its flow volume increased after the operation by 49.2ml/min and its congestive index decreased after the operation by 0.07cm/sec.So the operation is effective in the treatment of portal hypertension and oesophageal varices as it improves liver blood flow and liver perfusion. It also eradicated oesophageal varices