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1.
An. bras. dermatol ; 94(4): 416-421, July-Aug. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1038289

ABSTRACT

Abstract: Background: Frontal fibrosing alopecia is a condition of unknown origin, histologically similar to classic lichen planopilaris and generally observed in postmenopausal women with alopecia of the frontal-temporal hairline. Objectives: To describe the clinical, dermatoscopic, and histopathological characteristics and the treatment used in patients who have frontal fibrosing alopecia at the Alopecia Outpatient Clinic in a university hospital. Methods: Retrospective descriptive study performed by reviewing medical charts and biopsies of the scalp. Results: Sixteen patients were analyzed, all of them female, 93.75% of them postmenopausal, and 56.25% brown-skinned. All had frontal alopecia (100%), followed by temporal alopecia (87.5%) and madarosis (87.5%). On dermatoscopy, perifollicular erythema and tubular scales were found as a sign of disease activity. Of the patients, 68.75% had associated autoimmune diseases, including lupus, thyroid disease and vitiligo. Of the 13 biopsies from 8 patients, 10 showed microscopic aspects compatible with frontal fibrosing alopecia. Laboratory tests did not show major abnormalities and minoxidil was the most used treatment. Study limitation: Data collection limited by the study's retrospective design associated to flaws while filling in the medical charts and absence in standards to the collection and processing of the pathology and histopathological examination. Conclusions: A demographical, clinical, and histopathological description of 16 patients diagnosed with frontal fibrosing alopecia, which remains a challenging disease, of unknown origin, and frequently associated with autoimmune diseases. This study reinforces literary findings. However, more research is needed to establish the pathogenesis and effective treatments.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Alopecia/pathology , Scalp/pathology , Biopsy , Fibrosis , Retrospective Studies , Hair Follicle/pathology , Dermoscopy/methods , Alopecia/drug therapy , Hospitals, University
2.
An. bras. dermatol ; 90(3,supl.1): 13-15, May-June 2015. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-755745

ABSTRACT

Abstract

Tinea capitis is a scalp infection caused by fungi. In Brazil, the main causative agents are Microsporum canis and the Trichophyton tonsurans. Etiological diagnosis is based on suggestive clinical findings and confirmation depends on the fungus growth in culture. However, it is not always possible to perform this test due to lack of availability. We reveal the dermoscopic findings that enable distinction between the main causative agents of Tinea capitis, M. canis and T. tonsurans. The association of clinical and dermatoscopic findings in suspected Tinea capitis cases may help with the differential diagnosis of the etiological agent, making feasible the precocious, specific treatment.

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Subject(s)
Humans , Dermoscopy/methods , Tinea Capitis/diagnosis , Trichophyton/growth & development , Diagnosis, Differential , Reproducibility of Results , Scalp/pathology , Tinea Capitis/microbiology
3.
An. bras. dermatol ; 90(2): 232-235, Mar-Apr/2015. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-741064

ABSTRACT

Biologic drugs represent a substantial progress in the treatment of chronic inflammatory immunologic diseases. However, its crescent use has revealed seldom reported or unknown adverse reactions, mainly associated with anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF). Psoriasiform cutaneous reactions and few cases of alopecia can occur in some patients while taking these drugs. Two cases of alopecia were reported after anti-TNF therapy. Both also developed psoriasiform lesions on the body. This is the second report about a new entity described as 'anti-TNF therapy-related alopecia', which combines clinical and histopathological features of both alopecia areata and psoriatic alopecia. The recognition of these effects by specialists is essential for the proper management and guidance of these patients.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Alopecia/chemically induced , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/adverse effects , Antibodies, Monoclonal/adverse effects , Crohn Disease/drug therapy , Psoriasis/chemically induced , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors , Alopecia/pathology , Dermoscopy , Drug Eruptions , Infliximab , Psoriasis/pathology , Scalp/pathology
4.
An. bras. dermatol ; 88(3): 459-461, jun. 2013. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-676247

ABSTRACT

Follicular red dots have been described as a trichoscopic feature of active discoid lupus erythematosus of the scalp and its presence associated with a better prognosis. We report five patients with pigmentary disorders in whom follicular red dots were detected during scalp examination. We suggest that this pattern is probably related to the rich vasculature that naturally envelops the normal hair follicle. The possible implications of such proposition in cases of discoid lupus erythematosus and other scalp disorders are also discussed.


Pontos vermelhos foliculares foram descritos como achado tricoscópico de lupus eritematoso discóide do couro cabeludo em atividade e a presença destes associado a melhor prognóstico. Relatamos cinco pacientes com distúrbios da pigmentação nos quais pontos vermelhos foliculares foram detectados ao exame do couro cabeludo. Sugerimos que este padrão está provavelmente relacionado à rica vascularização que naturalmente envolve o folículo piloso normal. As possíveis implicações desta suposição nos casos de lupus eritematoso discóide e outras doenças do couro cabeludo também são discutidas.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Hair Follicle/physiology , Pigmentation Disorders/pathology , Scalp/pathology , Dermoscopy
5.
An. bras. dermatol ; 86(1): 111-119, jan.-fev. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-578315

ABSTRACT

A síndrome do ovário policístico (SOP) é uma das endocrinopatias mais freqüentes nas mulheres em idade reprodutiva. Caracteriza-se por morbidade elevada devido aos aspectos estéticos e por repercussões metabólicas importantes. Embora a sua patogênese permaneça incompletamente conhecida, acredita-se numa desordem multigênica complexa, incluindo anormalidades no eixo hipotálamohipofisário, esteroidogênese e resistência insulínica. Os achados principais para o diagnóstico são: hiperandrogenismo, anovulação crônica e ovários policísticos à ultrassonografia. As manifestações dermatológicas do hiperandrogenismo incluem: hirsutismo, acne, seborréia, alopecia e, em casos mais graves, sinais de virilização. Existe considerável heterogeneidade nos achados clínicos e também pode haver variação na mesma paciente com o passar do tempo. O tratamento visa reduzir as manifestações do hiperandrogenismo, restaurar os ciclos ovulatórios regulares e corrigir a síndrome metabólica. Este artigo apresenta revisão da fisiopatologia, diagnóstico e tratamento da síndrome do ovário policístico. Enfatiza-se a importância do diagnóstico e tratamento precoces no intuito de prevenir as complicações metabólicas e a repercussão emocional que afeta a qualidade de vida das pacientes.


Polycystic ovary syndrome (POS) is one of the most common endocrine abnormalities affecting women of reproductive age. It is a cause of significant social embarrassment and emotional distress. The pathogenesis of the disease is not yet fully understood, but it is thought to be a complex multigenic disorder, including abnormalities in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, steroidogenesis, and insulin resistance. The main diagnostic findings of the syndrome are: hyperandrogenism, chronic anovulation and polycystic ovarian morphology seen on ultrasound. Hyperandrogenism is generally manifested as hirsutism, acne, seborrhea, androgenic alopecia and, in severe cases, signs of virilization. Treatment may improve the clinical manifestations of excess androgen production, normalize menses and ameliorate metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular complications. This article reviews the diagnosis, clinical manifestations, metabolic complications, and treatment of the syndrome. Early diagnosis and the consequent early treatment may prevent metabolic complications and emotional distress that negatively impact the patients' quality of life.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/complications , Skin Diseases/etiology , Acanthosis Nigricans/etiology , Acne Vulgaris/etiology , Alopecia/etiology , Androgens/metabolism , Hirsutism/etiology , Hyperandrogenism/etiology , Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/diagnosis , Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/therapy
6.
An. bras. dermatol ; 85(2): 179-183, mar.-abr. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-547476

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTOS: A dermatoscopia é método importante de diagnóstico de doenças melanocíticas benignas e malignas. Recentemente, o uso desse método tem demonstrado grande ajuda também no diagnóstico e acompanhamento das alopecias. OBJETIVO: Descrever e demonstrar os achados dermatoscópicos de pacientes com quadros clínicos e histopatológicos de alopecia cicatricial. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal descritivo em que foram selecionados, pelos achados clínicos e histopatológicos do couro cabeludo, 14 pacientes com alopecia cicatricial, sendo quatro casos de líquen plano pilar clássico, cinco casos de alopecia fibrosante frontal e cinco com lúpus eritematoso discoide. Os pacientes foram avaliados com videodermatoscópio e dermatoscópio manual por três examinadores diferentes, de forma independente. Os aumentos variaram de 10 a 70 vezes. RESULTADOS: Foram achados predominantes no lúpus eritematoso discoide placas brancas, capilares arboriformes, tampões ceratósicos e áreas com diminuição dos óstios foliculares; no líquen plano pilar clássico, escamas perifoliculares, pontos brancos e diminuição de óstios foliculares; na alopecia fibrosante frontal, diminuição de óstios foliculares, escama e eritema perifolicular, além de capilares arboriformes. As estruturas azul-acinzentadas, demonstradas neste estudo, não foram descritas na literatura. CONCLUSÕES: O uso da dermatoscopia na avaliação clínica das alopecias ajudou a estabelecer elementos semióticos, melhorou a capacidade de diagnóstico em relação à simples inspeção e revelou novas características das alopecias cicatriciais.


BACKGROUND: Dermoscopy is an important tool for the diagnosis of benign and malignant melanocytic diseases. Recently, this method has also been found to be extremely useful in the diagnosis and follow-up of alopecias. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to describe dermoscopic findings in patients with clinical and histopathological characteristics of cicatricial alopecia. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in which 14 patients with cicatricial alopecia were selected based on clinical and histopathological evaluation of the scalp. The underlying cause was classic lichen planopilaris in four cases, frontal fibrosing alopecia in five and discoid lupus erythematosus in the remaining five. The patients were evaluated using videodermoscopy and conventional dermoscopy (with a handheld dermoscope), performed independently by three different examiners. Magnification ranged from 10x to 70x. RESULTS: Principal findings in cases of discoid lupus erythematosus were: white patches, branching capillaries, keratin plugs and areas of reduced follicular ostia; in classic lichen planopilaris: perifollicular scales, white dots and reduced follicular ostia; and in frontal fibrosing alopecia: reduced follicular ostia, perifollicular scales, perifollicular erythema and branching capillaries. The blue-grey dots described in this paper were a novel feature in scalp dermoscopy. CONCLUSIONS: The use of dermoscopy for the clinical evaluation of the scalp in cases of cicatricial alopecia improves diagnostic capacity beyond simple clinical inspection and reveals novel features of the disease.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Alopecia/pathology , Cicatrix/pathology , Dermoscopy , Alopecia/etiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cicatrix/complications
7.
An. Acad. Nac. Med ; 155(3): 140-3, jul.-set. 1995. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-165166

ABSTRACT

Os autores relatam um caso de hiperlipoproteinemia tipo IIa, em paciente feminina, branca, 31 anos, com exuberante associaçao de xantelasma, xantoma tendinoso, xantoma tuberoso e hipertensao arterial. O diagnóstico foi estabelecido através dos exames: clínico, lipidograma e histopatológico. Foi feita também uma revisao da literatura.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Eyelid Diseases/diagnosis , Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II/diagnosis , Xanthomatosis/diagnosis , Axilla , Buttocks , Diet , Eyelid Diseases/therapy , Elbow , Fingers , Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II/therapy , Knee , Thigh , Xanthomatosis/therapy
8.
J. bras. med ; 69(2): 49-62, ago. 1995. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-161144

ABSTRACT

Os autores, após duas teses com 45 anos de diferença, acompanharam boa parte da história do sarcoma de Kaposi. Neste artigo de revisäo é feita uma comparaçäo entre os diversos aspectos da doença originalmente descrita e as três outras formas reconhecidas posteriormente


Subject(s)
Humans , Sarcoma, Kaposi , Sarcoma, Kaposi/epidemiology , Sarcoma, Kaposi/pathology , Sarcoma, Kaposi/physiopathology
9.
An. bras. dermatol ; 64(supl 1): 97-9, mar. 1989. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-82927
10.
An. bras. dermatol ; 63(1, supl): 136-9, maio 1988. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-62658

ABSTRACT

A raridade do herpes gestationis justifica o relato do maior número possível de casos desta doença. Apresentamos um caso e discutimos os aspectos etiofisiopatogenéticos,clínico-evolutivos, histopatológicos, ultra-estruturais, de imunofluorescência e terapêuticos da doença. Aceitamos a hipótese de que esta bulose ocorra em mulheres imunogeneticamente predispostas quando entram em contato com antígenos do parceiro sexual presentes no seu tecido placentário. Aceitamos também a importância patogenética do fator HG, embora reconheçamos a insuficiência de conhecimentos sobre a etiofisiopatogenia desta intrigante doença


Subject(s)
Pregnancy , Adult , Humans , Female , Pemphigoid Gestationis/etiology , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious , Brazil , HLA-DR Antigens , Pemphigoid Gestationis/drug therapy , Pemphigoid Gestationis/pathology
11.
12.
An. bras. dermatol ; 61(2): 103-6, mar.-abr. 1986. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-34118

ABSTRACT

Os autores apresentam um caso de ceratodermia marginal das palmas de Ramos e Silva, discutindo a sua provável etiopatogenia, destacando, como principais causas da afecçäo, a irradiaçäo solar a predisposiçäo individual


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Humans , Female , Keratoderma, Palmoplantar
13.
An. bras. dermatol ; 60(6): 379-84, nov.-dez. 1985. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-29807

ABSTRACT

Apresenta-se um trabalho de investigaçäo retrospectiva sobre a ocorrência de doenças sexualmente transmissíveis nos últimos nove anos numa clínica dermatológica privada, tecendo consideraçöes sobre aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos dos resultados encontrados, os quais assumem características peculiares em funçäo da especialidade clínica e da populaçäo nela atendida


Subject(s)
Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/epidemiology , Brazil
14.
An. bras. dermatol ; 60(4): 179-82, jul.-ago. 1985. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-31973

ABSTRACT

Aresentam-se três casos de tecido de granulaçäo excessivo conseqüentes a terapia pela isotretinoína para o acne cístico severo. Sugere-se que, de acordo com as características do grupo sob tratamento, tal evento poderá näo ser täo raro como anteriormente pensado. Aspectos da incidência, patogênese, patologia, epidemiologia e tratamento säo discutidos. Acredita-se que pacientes que apresentaram lesöes tipo granuloma piogênico anteriores à terapia estejam mais propensos ao desenvolvimento de tecido de granulaçao excessivo durante a mesma. Acredita-se que o tratamento de escolha para o mesmo seja o uso de corticóide oclusivo por ser um método eficaz, simples, seguro e indolor. É a primeira publicaçäo brasileira sobre o assunto


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Humans , Male , Acne Vulgaris/drug therapy , Granuloma/chemically induced , Tretinoin/adverse effects
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