ABSTRACT
Nitrosoamines such as N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) produce oxidative stress due to generation of reactive oxygen species and may alter antioxidant defence system in the tissues. NDEA was administered ip as a single dose to rats in LD50 or in lower amounts and the animals were sacrificed after 0-48 hr of treatment. The results showed that lipid peroxidation in liver increased, however no significant increase in kidney LPO was observed after NDEA administration. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GSH-R) activity increased in liver, however, catalase (CAT) activity in liver was inhibited in NDEA treated rats. Kidney showed an increase in SOD activity after an initial decrease along with increase in GSH-R activity in NDEA treated rats. However, kidney CAT activity was not significantly altered in NDEA intoxicated rats. Serum transaminases, serum alkaline phosphatase blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and scrum proteins were elevated in NDEA treated rats. The results indicate NDEA-induced oxidative stress and alteration in antioxidant enzymes in liver and kidney to neutralise oxidative stress.
Subject(s)
Alkylating Agents/toxicity , Animals , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Blood Proteins/analysis , Blood Urea Nitrogen , Catalase/metabolism , Creatinine/blood , Diet , Diethylnitrosamine/toxicity , Hydrogen Peroxide/pharmacology , Kidney/drug effects , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Liver/drug effects , Male , Malondialdehyde/metabolism , Organ Size , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Spleen/drug effects , Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism , Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances/metabolismABSTRACT
Feeding of Pleurotus to hypercholesterolemic rabbits resulted in lowering of total lipids, total cholesterol and glyceride levels of plasma and liver whereas heart lipids were not affected. HDL cholesterol/total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol/LDL cholesterol ratios increased in experimental animals proving antiatherogenic potential of this mushroom. The effect was further supported by the severity of tissue damage as evidenced by histopathological studies. An increase in bile acid excretion could be taken as one of the possible attributes to hypocholesterolemic action of P. florida.
Subject(s)
Animals , Anticholesteremic Agents/pharmacology , Arteriosclerosis/prevention & control , Male , Polyporaceae/chemistry , RabbitsABSTRACT
Feeding of diet containing peroxidized oil (peroxide value approximately 90 mEq/kg) at 10% level for 4 weeks altered the absorptive function of intestine. Rate of in vitro absorption of nutrients especially sucrose and protein hydrolysate (amino acids) was considerably reduced. Absorption of glucose, fructose and Ca2+ was only marginally affected.
Subject(s)
Animals , Dietary Fats/pharmacology , Intestinal Absorption , Intestine, Small/drug effects , Lipid Peroxides/pharmacology , Male , Rats , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
Serum lipids and lipoproteins of 50 active and passive smokers were compared with levels in 25 control subjects. Active smoking resulted in an increase in total cholesterol (Tc) and triglycerides (Tg) as compared to control group. The passive smokers also showed relatively higher levels but the effect was not significant. Active smoking raised the low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDLc) levels whereas high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) content was lowered, thus resulting in decreased ratios of HDLc/Tc and HDLc/LDLc. The passive smokers also showed slightly higher levels of LDLc and VLDLc but lower levels of HDLc, and a lower HDLc/LDLc ratio. Our findings suggest that smoking alters the serum lipids and lipoproteins and these changes are related to the duration and amount of smoking.
Subject(s)
Cholesterol/blood , Cholesterol, HDL/blood , Cholesterol, LDL/blood , Cholesterol, VLDL/blood , Humans , Lipids/blood , Lipoproteins/blood , Male , Smoking/blood , Tobacco Smoke Pollution , Triglycerides/bloodABSTRACT
Ingestion of peroxidized oil under hypercholesterolemic dietary conditions resulted in a number of biochemical and pathological changes in rabbits. Total lipids, cholesterol and glyceride levels of plasma, liver and aorta were significantly higher in peroxidized oil fed rabbits, compared to the ones receiving normal oil. The degree of atherosclerosis and the severity of histopathological changes were significantly higher in rabbits fed with peroxidized oil.
Subject(s)
Animals , Aorta/pathology , Arachis , Arteriosclerosis/blood , Coronary Vessels/pathology , Lipid Peroxidation , Lipids/analysis , Liver/chemistry , Male , Muscles/pathology , Plant Oils/administration & dosage , RabbitsABSTRACT
Bengal gram seed coat appeared to be a potent hypocholesterolemic/hypolipidemic agent in rabbits. When fed to hypercholesterolemic rabbits, it lowered hepatic cholesterol/lipid much more than in the control group. Aortic lipid levels were rather marginally increased but the increase was less in Bengal gram seed coat fed rabbits. Though seed coat of Bengal gram failed to prevent the development of atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic rabbits, but certainly it slowed down the process of its development. The hypocholesterolemic action of Bengal gram seed coat appeared to be due to the increased catabolism and excretion of cholesterol.
Subject(s)
Magnoliopsida , Animals , Arteriosclerosis/diet therapy , Cholesterol/metabolism , Cholesterol, Dietary/administration & dosage , Dietary Fiber/therapeutic use , Hypercholesterolemia/diet therapy , Lipid Metabolism , Male , Rabbits , SeedsABSTRACT
Lectins from peas and lentils when injected to rats apparently appeared to be non toxic but they caused growth depression. The organ weights were not affected except spleen enlargement. The lectins also caused increased osmotic fragility of erythrocytes without affecting other hematological parameters such as haemoglobin, packed cell volume, and RBC count.
Subject(s)
Animals , Growth/drug effects , Injections, Intraperitoneal , Lectins/administration & dosage , Osmotic Fragility/drug effects , RatsABSTRACT
In vitro absorption of nutrients like glucose, leucine, protein hydrolysate and Ca2+ by ligated loops of small intestine was significantly affected in presence of lectins from peas and lentils. Except for sucrose, all other nutrients showed significant decrease in their absorption in presence of lectins. Lentil lectins had a greater inhibitory effect than pea lectins.