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1.
Rev. chil. reumatol ; 34(4): 156-162, 2018. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1254250

ABSTRACT

Los trastornos temporomandibulares (TTM) corresponden a un grupo de condiciones musculoesqueletales y neruromusculares que involucran las articulaciones temporomandibulares (ATM), los músculos masticatorios y todos los tejidos asociados. La etiología de los TTM es considerada multifactorial, siendo el bruxismo de sueño (BS) uno de muchos factores asociados con TTM dolorosos. Tanto los TTM como el BS se presentan en adultos y niños y actualmente es sabido que la etiopatogenia de ambos no difiere de acuerdo a la edad. Las ATM son articulaciones sinoviales que pueden verse afectadas por diversos TTM o por condiciones sistémicas como la artritis idiopática juvenil (AIJ). La ATM está involucrada en un 40% de los pacientes con AIJ, siendo subestimada debido a que clínica-mente se manifiesta con poco dolor. En el presente artículo se revisarán los conceptos de TTM y BS en niños, así como también la manifestación de la AIJ en el territorio orofacial, entregando una aproximación de su etiopatogenia, identificación y manejo.


Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) encompass a group of musculoskeletal and neuromuscular conditions that involve the temporomandibular joints (TMJ), the masticatory muscles, and all associated tissues. TMD's etiology is considered to be mul-tifactorial, were sleep bruxism (SB) is one of many causes of painful TMD. TMD and SB can present in adults and children and the etiology does not differ regarding age.TMJ are synovial joints that can be affected by many TMD as well as systemic conditions such as juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). TMJ are involved in 40% of patients with JIA, which is usually underestimated because of its painless presentation.This article will review the concepts of TMD and SB in children, as well as JIA presentation in the orofacial region.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Arthritis, Juvenile/complications , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/etiology , Sleep Bruxism/complications , Temporomandibular Joint/pathology , Facial Pain , Sleep Bruxism/etiology
2.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-687671

ABSTRACT

Tanto en la práctica clínica como en la academia, siempre está presente la interrogante de cuál es la mejor posición mandibular para organizar una oclusión terapéutica y satisfacer los requerimientos estéticos y funcionales de los pacientes. Esta pregunta se podría responder desde la perspectiva de las diferentes escuelas de oclusión, siguiendo sus técnicas y utilizando su aparatología. Sin embargo, debido a que no existe suficiente evidencia científica que sustente la superioridad de una escuela sobre la otra, es preciso hacer una revisión donde se expongan los principios en que se basan las distintas filosofías oclusales, los autores que les dieron origen, la época en que surgieron y la terminología que usaron -desde el siglo pasado hasta nuestros días-, contrastándolas con la literatura científica actual. Esta no es una tarea fácil, ya que los estudios disponibles acerca de oclusión presentan gran variabilidad en la definición operacional de los términos, haciendo difícil su comparación. Se sugiere para el futuro buscar una estandarización de las definiciones y técnicas de registro, con el objeto de generar evidencia científica confiable, conducente a la creación de protocolos de recomendación para la toma de decisiones clínicas predecibles desde el punto de vista oclusal.


Both in clinical practice and academia, there is always the question about what is the best mandibular position to organize a therapeutic occlusion that satisfies functional and aesthetic requirements from patients. This question could be answered from the point of view of different occlusion schools of thought, following their techniques and using their apparatuses. However, due to the lack of scientific evidence to support the pre-eminence of a particular school over the rest, it is necessary to go through the princip les that provide the foundations for the different occlusal philosophies: the authors who gave birth to each school of thought, the time in which they were formed and the terminology they used, from the early 20th century to present times and making a comparison with current scientific literature. This is not an easy task, given that available studies about occlusion feature a great variability in the operational definition of terms, making comparison difficult. The article suggests that it would be necessary for the future to look for a standardization of recording definitions and techniques. The aim is to generate reliable scientific evidence for the creation of protocols of recommendation for predictable decision-making from an occlusal point of view.


Subject(s)
Humans , Evidence-Based Dentistry , Therapeutic Occlusion/methods , Centric Relation
3.
Rev. ANACEM (Impresa) ; 6(2): 67-72, ago. 2012. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-687049

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: La Región de los Ríos tiene uno de los pocos centros de trasplante del país. Es necesario conocer la postura de su población respecto a la donación de órganos, ya que la tasa de donantes ha bajado considerablemente. OBJETIVO: Conocer los principales motivos de negativa ante la donación de órganos, en población de la Región de los Ríos durante marzo-mayo 2012.MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Estudio descriptivo de corte trasversal. Se aplicaron 264 encuestas a residentes de la Región de los Ríos con edades entre 18 y 65 años, sin limitaciones para responder el instrumento. Se abordaron antecedentes demográficos de los encuestados (comuna, edad, género, nivel educacional); nivel de conocimiento del sistema de donación de órganos, opinión de la familia y situación actual de registro del donante. El tamaño de muestra fue determinada a través del programa Epi info 3,2TM,con un intervalo de confianza de 95 por ciento y un error de 6 por ciento. A través del programa IBM SPSS Statistics 20, se determinó significancia estadística mediante test de x2 (p<0,05). RESULTADOS: La disposición regional a ser donantes en caso de fallecimiento es de 75 por ciento; un 33 por ciento afirma no estar dispuesto a donar para que luchen más por su vida en caso de accidente y un 31 por ciento no estaría dispuesto a donar por motivos religiosos. DISCUSIÓN: Si bien las cifras apuntan a una disposición positiva a la donación, es necesario informar en forma adecuada a la población acerca del funcionamiento del programa de trasplante, para así disminuir la negativa ante la donación de órganos.


INTRODUCTION: Region de los Ríos has one of the few transplant centers in the country; considering the decreased number of organ donors in recent years, it is necessary to understand the attitude of the population towards organ donation. OBJECTIVE: To understand the main reasons for organ donation refusals in Región de los Ríos population in March-May 2012 period. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Cross-sectional study. There were filled 264 survey forms by Región de los Ríos residents between 18 and 65 years of old, excluding people who could not answer the survey. Demographic parameters (municipality, age, gender, educational level), level of knowledge about organ donation process, family’s opinion, rate of consent to donate their own organs and those of relatives where analyzed. Sample size was determined using Epi Info 3.2TM software, using a confidence interval of 95 percent and an error of 6 percent. Statistical significance was determined via a x2 statistical test (p<0.05). The test was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics software. RESULTS: The average consent to become a donor in case of death in Región de los Ríos is 75 percent 33 percent of them, said they do not consent organ donation so that doctors would strive more for their lives in case of an accident and 31percent did not agree to organ donation because of religious beliefs. DISCUSSION: Although numbers indicate a positive attitude towards donation, it is necessary to increase population’s knowledge and understanding in transplant matters in order to reduce organ donation refusal.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Tissue Donors/psychology , Motivation , Refusal to Participate/psychology , Attitude to Death , Chile , Cross-Sectional Studies , Educational Status , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Organ Transplantation/psychology
4.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 140(4): 426-435, abr. 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-643211

ABSTRACT

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are related to particular lifestyle patterns and the presence of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF). Aim: To evaluate the presence of CVRF in students from Universidad Austral de Chile (UACh). Material and Methods: CVRF were evaluated in 385 university students aged 17 to 26years (63% women). Personal background, lifestyle, anthropometry, blood pressure, serum lipids and blood glucose were evaluated. Results: Eighty eight percent of evaluated students had sedentary habits, 19% had high LDL cholesterol levels, 40% had high blood pressure, 28% smoked, 29% were overweight or obese and 20% had some stress level. Conclusions: There is a high frequency of non-healthy lifestyles and cardiovascular risk factors in this sample of university students.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Life Style , Students/statistics & numerical data , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Chile/epidemiology , Epidemiologic Methods , Socioeconomic Factors , Universities
5.
Rev. ANACEM (Impresa) ; 4(1): 30-33, nov. 2010. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-640027

ABSTRACT

La Enfermedad Renal Crónica (ERC) afecta aproximadamente al 10 por ciento de la población adulta. OBJETIVO: Cuantificar factores de riesgo directos e indirectos que inciden en el desarrollo de ERC. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio epidemiológico analítico de corte transversal. En abril de 2010 respondieron una encuesta sobre “Factores de riesgo renal (FRR)” 164 alumnos de primer a tercer año de la carrera de Medicina de la Universidad Austral de Chile. Se consideraron factores de riesgo directo: Diabetes Mellitus (DM1), Hipertensión Arterial (HTA) y consumo de analgésicos en los encuestados y factores de riesgo indirecto: dislipidemia, sobrepeso u obesidad en los encuestados y DM2, HTA, sobrepeso u obesidad y dislipidemia en familiares de primer y segundo grado. Para el análisis de los resultados se utilizó Excel 8.0 y PASW-Statistic18. RESULTADOS: De los 164 alumnos, el 60,4 por ciento (n=99) fueron varones. Con respecto a los factores de riesgo, el 28 por ciento (n=50) se automedica al menos 1 vez a la semana algún tipo de analgésico, 32 por ciento(n=52) presentaban IMC>25 (IMC promedio en varones 24,03 y en mujeres 21,8). Del total, un 48 por ciento (n=78) posee antecedentes familiares de sobrepeso u obesidad, 52 por ciento (n=86) de HTA y 27 por ciento (n=44) DM2, existiendo una relación estadísticamente significativa (p<0.05) entre estos antecedentes y la presencia de estos mismos factores de riesgo en los encuestados. DISCUSIÓN: Un porcentaje importante del 50 por ciento de los estudiantes encuestados presenta potenciales factores de riesgo tanto directos como indirectos para desarrollar ERC.


Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) affects approximately 10 percent of adult population. The detection of factors that could increase the risk of developing CKD in the adult life in young population, acquires special importance for the development of future interventions to anticipate this disease. OBJECTIVES: To quantify direct and indirect risk factors that could influence CKD’s development. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Analytic, cross-sectional study. On April the instrument “Factors of Renal Risk” was applied to 164 students of first to third year of Medical School, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia. They were considered direct risk factors Diabetes Mellitus (DM1), High Blood Pressure (HBP) and consumption of analgesics and factors of indirect risk were considered overweight or obesity and DM2, HBP, overweight or obesity in relatives of the first and second degree. For data analysis Excel8.0 and PASW-Statistic18 were used. RESULTS: Of 164 students, 60,4 percent (n=99) was males. With regard to the factors of risk, 28 percent (n=50) consumes some analgesics at least once a week, 32 percent (n=52) was presenting IMC> 25 (average IMC in males 24,03 and in women 21,8). 48 percent (n=78) possesses familiar case history of overweight or obesity, 52 percent (n=86) of HTA and 27 percent (n=44) DM2, existing a statistically significant relation (p <0.05) between these precedents and the factors presented before for same population. DISCUSSION: A not despicable percentage of the students present potential direct and indirect risk factors to develop CKD.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/epidemiology , Students, Medical , Analgesics/adverse effects , Self Medication/adverse effects , Body Mass Index , Chile , Cross-Sectional Studies , Data Collection , Diabetes Complications , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/epidemiology , Hypertension/complications , Hypertension/epidemiology , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/etiology , Obesity/complications , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Overweight/complications
6.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 35(4): 421-426, dic. 2008.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-520630

ABSTRACT

Type 2 diabetes is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in the country. Among the strategies for its treatment is education, a tool presented by the health team to modify risky behavior on these people, providing users information and some strategies for their self care. The objective of this study was to analyze the different factors associated to the knowledge of the pathology that influences the compliance to diet therapy treatment among elderly suffering from type 2 diabetes, who are regularly checked by a nutritionist in Yumbel’s Health Public System. Through a qualitative phenomenological-type study, a semi-structured interview was carried out to 14 people in standard conditions assessing the knowledge about the pathology in terms of the consequences and the treatment to follow. However, the knowledge does not determine whether people will choose to follow diet therapy, with the exception of people with knowledge of the consequences of the disease. In the final analysis, the knowledge of the pathology does not induce the majority of the elderly from rural areas to follow diet therapy.


La Diabetes tipo 2 es una de las enfermedades crónicas de gran prevalencia en el país. Entre las estrategias para su tratamiento se encuentra la educación, como herramienta que presenta el equipo de salud para modificar conductas de riesgo en estas personas, entregando a los usuarios conocimientos y otras estrategias para su autocuidado. El objetivo del estudio fue interpretar los factores asociados a los conocimientos que influyen en la adherencia al tratamiento dietoterapéutico en adultos mayores con Diabetes tipo 2 controlados por nutricionista en la Atención Primaria de Salud de la comuna de Yumbel. A través de un estudio cualitativo de tipo fenomenológico, se realizó una entrevista semiestructurada a 14 usuarios en condiciones estándar, obteniendo como resultado la presencia de conocimientos de su patología, referido a las consecuencias y los tratamientos a realizar. Sin embargo, estos conocimientos no determinan un alto nivel de adherencia a la dietoterapia, excepto en el caso de presentar algún tipo de secuela. Por lo tanto, se concluye que los conocimientos de la patología no favorecen una mayor adherencia a la dietoterapia por parte de adultos mayores de una zona rural del país.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , /diet therapy , /psychology , Patient Compliance , Primary Health Care , Chile , Diet Therapy/psychology , Interviews as Topic , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Rural Areas
7.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 72(3): 219-223, mayo-jun. 2001. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-300017

ABSTRACT

El propósito de este trabajo fue investigar la incidencia predictiva del rol de la familia y de los factores de personalidad sobre el consumo de drogas y alcohol en la edad juvenil. Con este fin se aplicaron tres cuestionarios (cuestionario de salud para jóvenes ECRA-2, escalas de la evaluación de la adaptabilidad y cohesión familiar FACES III y dimensiones de orientación interpersonal, DOIJA) a 467 jóvenes de ambos sexos, seleccionados al azar de una población de escolares de algunas comunas de Santiago urbano, de edades entre once y diecinueve años. Se presentan las variables que aparecen influyentes en las conductas de riesgo juveniles, entre las ligadas al funcionamiento familiar y a los elementos de personalidad subyacentes. Mediante un análisis multivariado específico de regresión logística, se identificaron cuatro áreas con capacidad predictiva en la conducta de consumo: cohesión familiar, edad, conductas pro sociales y antisociales


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Family , Socialization , Substance-Related Disorders , Adolescent Behavior , Urban Population/statistics & numerical data , Risk-Taking , Socioeconomic Factors , Substance-Related Disorders
8.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 32(5): 557-67, May 1999.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-233474

ABSTRACT

Galectin-1 belongs to an evolutionarily conserved family of animal ß-galactoside-binding proteins, which exert their functions by crosslinking the oligosaccharides of specific glycoconjugate ligands. During the past decade, attempts to identify the functional role of galectin-1 suggested participation in the regulation of the immune response. Only in the last few years has the molecular mechanism involved in these properties been clearly elucidated, revealing a critical role for galectin-1 as an alternative signal in the generation of T cell death. In the present study we will discuss the latest advances in galectin research in the context of the regulation of the immune response, not only at the central level but also at the periphery. Moreover, we will review the purification, biochemical properties and functional significance of a novel galectin-1-like protein from activated rat macrophages, whose expression is differentially regulated according to the activation state of the cells. The novel role of a carbohydrate-binding protein in the regulation of apoptosis is providing a breakthrough in galectin research and extending the interface between immunology, glycobiology and clinical medicine


Subject(s)
Animals , Apoptosis/physiology , Hemagglutinins/physiology , Leukocytes/immunology , Macrophages/physiology , Epithelial Cells/physiology , Flow Cytometry , Hemagglutinins/chemistry , Hemagglutinins/isolation & purification , Homeostasis/physiology , Immune System/cytology , Immune Tolerance , In Situ Nick-End Labeling , Macrophages/metabolism , T-Lymphocytes/physiology , Thymus Gland/physiology
9.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 32(4): 383-93, Apr. 1999. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-231727

ABSTRACT

Galectins are a family of evolutionarily conserved animal lectins, widely distributed from lower invertebrates to mammals. They share sequence and structure similarities in the carbohydrate recognition domain and specificity for polylactosamine-enriched glycoconjugates. In the last few years significant experimental data have been accumulated concerning their participation in different biological processes requiring carbohydrate recognition such as cell adhesion, cell growth regulation, inflammation, immunomodulation, apoptosis and metastasis. In the present review we will discuss some exciting questions and advances in galectin research, highlighting the significance of these proteins in immunological processes and their implications in biomedical research, disease diagnosis and clinical intervention. Designing novel therapeutic strategies based on carbohydrate recognition will provide answers for the treatment of autoimmune disorders, inflammatory processes, allergic reactions and tumor spreading.


Subject(s)
Hemagglutinins , Apoptosis , Hemagglutinins/chemistry , Hemagglutinins/immunology , Hemagglutinins/physiology
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