Potential degradation and colonization time of ruminal microorganisms on the particles of different oilseeds-crushed, and its chemical composition

This study was carried out to evaluate by-product of the biodiesel industry as canola, safflower, forage turnip, and soybean crushed on the chemical composition, in situ degradability, and colonization time. Canola (Brassica napus L. var. oleifera), safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), forage turnip (Raphanus stivus L. var. oleiferus Metzg), and soybean (Glycine max) grains went through the oil extraction process by means of a cold pressing, resulting in the oilseeds-crushed. The treatments identification included: CAN ­ Canola crushed; SAF ­ Safflower crushed; TUR ­ Forage turnip crushed; and SOY ­ Soybean crushed. The oilseed-crushed treatments were quantified about mineral (calcium, magnesium, copper, iron, manganese, zinc, phosphorus and potassium), chemical composition (dry matter, ash, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, total carbohydrates, non-fibrous carbohydrates, and total digestible nutrient contents), In situ degradability, and colonization time. Magnesium, phosphorus, and zinc showed the greater values for TUR treatment 3.46, 27.4, 39.8, respectively, when compared to the other oilseed-crushed treatments. The TUR treatment had the lowest organic matter, whereas had the greater (p≤0.05; TUR and SOY treatments) for the non-fibrous carbohydrates. Ether extract was not affected (p>0.05) with the different oilseed-crushed treatments. Neutral detergent fiber was affected (p≤0.05) for CAN and SAF treatments with the greater values, 344 and 500 g/kg of dry matter, respectively. Soluble and potentially degradable fractions for SAF treatment showed similar results. Whereas the constant rate of degradation, presented the lowest value when compared to the other treatments. Effective degradability of crude protein was greater for CAN 63.2% than SOY 65.9% treatment, which had the lowest value. Potential degradability of crude protein did not differ between treatments. Colonization time for dry matter and crude protein were similar between TUR and SOY treatments. In conclusion, oilseeds-crushed from the biodiesel production can be targeted/used, as feed with great protein and energetic potential in the ruminant's production, considering the need of correct formulation and ingredients knowledge.

AIDS-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system caused by reactivation of JC virus (JCV). METHODS: We described the profile of laboratory-confirmed PML cases among AIDS patients. RESULTS: A total of 43 HIV patients with clinical conditions compatible with PML were obtained; 5 cases were confirmed by JCV testing. The main clinical finding was mental confusion. Median CD4 count was 54 cells/mm³. CONCLUSIONS: Three of the five confirmed PML cases died; the time between diagnosis and death was 2, 5, and 6 months. It is important to consider JCV infection as a differential diagnosis.

Meningoencephalitis and optical neuritis caused by CRYPTOCOCCUS GATTII in an immunocompetent patient

The following case is of a 59-year-old man, undergoing no medication, with no pathological history or others risk factors, who presented dizziness, fever and asthenia twenty days before admission. The patient was admitted for investigation when the asthenia intensified, followed by seizures. On admission, blood count, biochemical tests and chest computed tomography were normal, a serological test for anti-HIV proved negative, while the magnetic resonance of the brain showed signs suggestive of meningoencephalitis. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis suggested bacterial meningitis due to increased leukocytes with a predominance of polymorphonuclear cells, reduced glucose and increased proteins as well as positive Gram cocci in pairs by Gram and negative fungi by India ink test. Treatment with ceftriaxone was started. Since there was no significant improvement, CSF analysis was repeated on the seventh day of treatment. Intracranial pressure was measured by manometry (29 mmHg) and CSF analysis showed the presence of encapsulated yeasts similar to Cryptococcus neoformans by the India ink test. The treatment was modified to liposomal amphotericin B and flucytosine; the intracranial hypertension was controlled by repeated CSF punctures. After fourteen days of antifungal treatment, the patient presented visual turbidity and bilateral papillar edema, so corticosteroid therapy was prescribed. The evolution was favorable, with progressive resolution of symptoms, improvement of CSF parameters and visual acuity. The patient was discharged eight weeks after admission, with outpatient guidance. Corticosteroid therapy associated with antifungal therapy proved to be beneficial in this case, since following the introduction of corticosteroids there was progressive visual improvement.

Physical and physiological changes of Crambe abyssinicaHochst seed during maturation

Determination of seed-maturation indicators enables the identification of the idealmoment for harvest to achieve the best production and conservation potential. Our objective here was to evaluate some physical and physiological changes of crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst) seeds as possible indicators of seed maturation. Crambe floweringwas monitored in Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Plants were tagged, and 13, 22, 26, and 28 days after the initiation of flowering, the seeds were collected and following physical attributes evaluated: length, diameter, total mass, dry matter and water content. Physiological quality of the seeds was assessed using the germination test, by registering the percentage of normal seedlings and dormant seeds, immediately after each harvest, and again after six months of storage. The water-absorption curveswere characterized as a function the seed-development stages. All physical attributes were observed to increase because of the accumulation of reserve substances during seed development, except for water content, which gradually decreased from 72.2% at the start of development to 29.5% at maturity. At 28 days after anthesis the germination percentage of crambe seeds at physiological maturity was only 17%, indicating that they became dormant while maturing. However, seed germination rate was 89% after six months of storage, indicating that dormancy was almost fully overcome after this period.

Guia de boas práticas para implementação da SAE nos serviços de saúde / Good practice guide for implementing SAE in health services

Resumo: Introdução: A Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem (SAE) é a organização do processo de trabalho da enfermagem, e sua implementação é um desafio para as instituições de saúde. Esse estudo resulta do terceiro subprojeto do Edital 01/17 do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem - Mestrado Profissional (PPGENFMP) da Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) / acordo da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Conselho Federal de Enfermagem (COFEN), com o projeto "Observatório de SAE: tecnologia para o gerenciamento" que apresenta a proposta de constituição de um dispositivo de observação para suporte gerencial de Enfermagem. Objetivo: Elaborar um guia de boas práticas para a implementação da SAE nos serviços de saúde. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática do tipo scoping review norteada pelas recomendações do Joana Briggs Institute (JBI). As estratégias de busca foram realizadas no período de setembro a outubro de 2018, março, setembro e outubro de 2019, nas bases de dados: PubMed, BVS (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde), Web of Science, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Health Literature), repositório ibct oásis e busca manual. A seleção dos estudos foi realizada por dois revisores, a decisão de inclusão ou exclusão foi definida em concordância com o terceiro revisor. Na sequência foi realizada a extração e análise dos dados. Para avaliação da qualidade metodológica dos estudos foram utilizadas as diretrizes do SQUIRE 2.0 (Padrões Revisados para Excelência no Relatório de Melhoria da Qualidade). Resultados: Foram selecionados 09 estudos que relatam implementação da SAE em diferentes cenários de prática, instituições de diferentes porte, complexidade e realidades distintas. Produto: Foi elaborado um guia de boas práticas composto por: elementos da SAE, fluxograma de processo, roteiro de implementação e checklist, que será disponibilizado na biblioteca do observatório. Considerações: O guia de boas práticas pode contribuir para o êxito na implementação da SAE nos serviços de saúde, pois contempla de forma objetiva questões facilitadoras deste processo servindo de ferramenta gerencial.

Abstract: Introduction: The Nursing Care Systematization is the organization of the nursing work process, and its implementation is a challenge for health institutions. This study results from the third subproject of Edital 01/17 of the Graduate Program in Nursing - Professional Master of the Federal University of Paraná / agreement of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Level Personnel / Federal Council of Nursing, with the project "SAE Observatory: technology for the management" that presents the proposal of incorporation of an observation device for managerial support of Nursing. Objective: To prepare a guide of good practices for the implementation of Systematization of Nursing Care in health services. Methodology: This is a systematic scoping review guided by the recommendations of the Joana Briggs Institute (JBI). The search strategies were conducted from September to October 2018, March, September and Octuber 2019, in the databases: PubMed, BVS (Virtual Health Library), Web of Science, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Health Literature), ibct oasis repository and manual search. The selection of studies was performed by two reviewers, and the decision of inclusion or exclusion was defined in agreement with the third reviewer. Subsequently, data were extracted and analyzed. To evaluate the methodological quality of the studies, the guidelines of SQUIRE 2.0 (Revised Standards for Excellence in the Quality Improvement Report) were used. Results: Nine studies reporting implementation of Systematization of Nursing Care in various practice scenarios, institutions of different sizes, complexity and different realities. Product: A good practice guide was prepared consisting of: elements of Nursing Care Systematization, process flowchart, implementation roadmap and checklist. The review studies that focus in Systematization of Nursing Care will be available in the Observatory library. Considerations: The guide of good practices can contribute to the success of the implementation of the Systematization of Nursing Care in health services, because it objectively addresses issues facilitators of this process serving as a management tool.

Implementação do Observatório de Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem / Implementation of the observatory of the systematization of nursing care

Objetivo: descrever o desenvolvimento do Observatório da SAE como produto do Mestrado Profissional em Enfermagem. Metodologia: compõe-se metodologicamente de duas dimensões com vários métodos de pesquisa qualitativa de natureza aplicada: 1) planejamento do Observatório; 2) construção do projeto. Realizada na Universidade Federal do Paraná em Curitiba-PR, entre agosto de 2018 a outubro de 2019. Resultados: no planejamento do Observatório, realizou-se análise documental do objeto do projeto que compõe as bases de dados disponíveis na internet e envolve temas relacionados à disponibilização de sites, SAE, utilizando como fonte outros observatórios e sistemas de gerenciamento de conteúdo. Na construção do projeto, obteve-se uma lista de itens prioritários, desenvolvidos por metodologia ágil e com a organização de uma biblioteca sustentada por revisão sistemática. Conclusões: O desenvolvimento do Observatório da SAE em um sítio web próprio é inovadora, permitirá acesso aos estudos e questões associados à implantação/implementação da SAE nas instituições de saúde. (AU)

Objective: describe the Observatory development of SNA as product of the Professional Master degree in Nursing. Methodology: it is an experience report it is methodologically composed of 2 dimensions with many qualitative research methods of applied nature: 1) Observatory planning; 2) Construction of the project. Performed in the Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) in Curitiba-PR, between August 2018 and October 2019. Results: in Observatory planning, a documental analysis of the project object was made which composes the basis of the available data on the internet and involves themes related to websites availability, SNA, using as source others observatories and management systems of content. In the construction of the project, it was obtained a list o prioritary items, developed by agile methodology and with organization of a library supported by systematic review. Conclusions: the development of SNA Observatory in a own website is innovative, It will allow access to studies and questions associated to deployment / implementation of the SNA in health institutions. (AU)

Objetivo: describir el desarrollo del Observatorio de la SAE como un producto del master Profesional en Enfermería. Metodología: es un informe de experiencia su metodología está compuesta de dos dimensiones con varios métodos de investigación cualitativa de naturaleza aplicada: 1) planificación del observatorio; 2) Construcción del proyecto. Realizado en la Universidad Federal de Paraná en Curitiba- PR, en el periodo agosto 2018 ­Octubre 2019; Resultados: en la planificación del Observatorio, fue realizado un análisis documental del objeto del proyecto que compone las bases de datos disponibles en internet e involucra temas relacionados con disponibilidad en los sitios web, SAE, utilizando como fuente otros observatorios y sistemas de gestión de contenido. En la construcción del proyecto, se obtuvo una lista de ítems prioritarios, desarrollados a través de metodología ágil y con la organización de una biblioteca sustentada por revisión sistemática. Conclusiones: El desarrollo del Observatorio de la SAE en un sitio web propio es innovador, pudiendo permitir el acceso a estudios y cuestiones relacionadas con la implantación / implementación de la SAE en instituciones de salud. (AU)

Quality of life in cardiovascular surgery: elaboration and initial internal validation of a quality of life questionnaire

Abstract Objective: Elaboration and internal validation of the Quality of Life in Cardiovascular Surgery (QLCS) questionnaire adapted to the reality of Brazilian cardiovascular surgery. Methods: Cross-sectional pilot study of a prospective cohort included in the Documentation and Surgical Registry Center (CEDREC) for internal validation of the QLCS questionnaire. Four hundred forty-five patients submitted to cardiovascular surgery and who answered a QLCS questionnaire 30 days after hospital discharge were included. It was applied via telephone. To verify the questions' internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha was used. The total QLCS score was calculated as the sum of 5 questions, ranging from 5 to 25 points. Mann-U-Whitney test was used to relate the symptoms with the quality of life (QoL). Level of significance was 5%. Results: After 30 days of surgery, about 95% of the patients had already returned to normal routine and 19% of them were already performing physical activity. In the evaluation of the QLCS's internal consistency, a Cronbach's alpha of 0.74 was found, suggesting that this was probably an adequate questionnaire to evaluate QoL in this population. In the comparison between the presence and absence of symptoms and the median of QoL, the presence of pain at the incision (P=0.002), chest pain (P<0.001), shortness of breath (P<0.001), and return to physical activity (P<0.001) were statistically significant. Conclusion: The process of elaboration and validation of questionnaires includes a series of steps. The QLCS questionnaire is probably an adequate tool for the evaluation of QoL in the postoperative patient of cardiovascular surgery, in this first stage of internal validation.

Mortality predictors in the surgical treatment of active infective endocarditis

Abstract Introduction: Active infective endocarditis is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Surgery is indicated in high-risk conditions, and the main determinants of mortality in surgical treatment should be evaluated. Objective: To identify mortality predictors in the surgical treatment of active infective endocarditis in a long-term follow-up. Methods: This prospective observational study involved 88 consecutive patients diagnosed with active infective endocarditis, who underwent surgery between January 2005 and December 2015. Fifty-eight (65.9%) patients were male, the mean age was 50.87±16.15 years. A total of 31 (35.2%) patients had a history of rheumatic fever; 48 (54.5%) had had heart surgery with prosthetic valve implantation; 45 (93.8%) had biological prosthetic valve endocarditis and 3 (6.3%) mechanical prosthetic valve; 40 (45.5%) patients had the disease in their native valve. The mean EuroSCORE II was 8.9±6.5%, and the main surgical indication was refractory heart failure in 38 (43.2%) patients. A total of 68 bioprosthesis (36 aortic, 32 mitral) and 29 mechanical prostheses (12 aortic, 17 mitral) were implanted and three mitral valve plasties performed. A total of 25 (28.4%) patients underwent double or triple valve procedures. Aortic annulus reconstruction by abscess was performed in 18 (20.5%) and six (6.81%) patients had combined procedure. The mean surgery time was 359±97.6 minutes. Results: The overall survival in up to a 10-year follow-up period was 79.5%. In the univariate analysis, the main mortality predictors were positive blood cultures (P=0.003), presence of typical microorganisms (P=0.008), most frequently Streptococcus viridans (12 cases; 25%); C-reactive protein (hazard ratio [HR] 1.034, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.000 to 1.070, P=0.04); creatinine clearance (HR 0.977, 95% CI 0.962 to 0.993, P=0.005); length of surgery: every five minutes multiplies the chance of death 1.005-fold (HR 1.005, 95% CI 1.001 to 1.009, P=0.0307); age (HR 1.060, 95% CI 1.026 to 1.096, P=0.001); and EuroSCORE II (HR 1.089, 95% CI 1.030 to 1.151, P=0.003). Conclusion: A positive blood culture with typical microorganism, C-reactive protein, age, EuroSCORE II, total surgical time and the presence of postoperative complications were the major predictors of mortality and significantly impacted survival in up to a 10-year follow-up period.

Long-term mortality predictors in patients with small aortic annulus undergoing aortic valve replacement with a 19- or 21-mm bioprosthesis

Abstract Introduction: Replacement of the aortic valve in patients with a small aortic annulus is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. A prosthesis-patient mismatch is one of the main problems associated with failed valves in this patient population. Objective: To evaluate the long-term mortality predictors in patients with a small aortic annulus undergoing aortic valve replacement with a bioprosthesis. Methods: In this retrospective observational study, a total of 101 patients undergoing aortic valve replacement from January 2000 to December 2010 were studied. There were 81 (80.19%) women with a mean age of 52.81±18.4 years. Severe aortic stenosis was the main indication for surgery in 54 (53.4%) patients. Posterior annulus enlargement was performed in 16 (15.8%) patients. Overall, 54 (53.41%) patients underwent concomitant surgery: 28 (27.5%) underwent mitral valve replacement, and 13 (12.7%) underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Results: Mean valve index was 0.82±0.08 cm2/m2. Overall, 17 (16.83%) patients had a valve index lower than 0.75 cm2/m2, without statistical significance for mortality (P=0.12). The overall 10-year survival rate was 83.17%. The rate for patients who underwent isolated aortic valve replacement was 91.3% and 73.1% (P=0.02) for patients who underwent concomitant surgery. In the univariate analysis, the main predictors of mortality were preoperative ejection fraction (P=0.02; HR 0.01) and EuroSCORE II results (P=0.00000042; HR 1.13). In the multivariate analysis, the main predictors of mortality were age (P=0.01, HR 1.04) and concomitant surgery (P=0.01, HR 5.04). Those relationships were statistically significant. Conclusion: A valve index of < 0.75 cm2/m2 did not affect 10-year survival. However, concomitant surgery and age significantly affected mortality.

Impacto da Curva de Aprendizado na Seleção de Pacientes e nos Resultados Clínicos do Implante por Cateter de Prótese Aórtica / Impact of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Learning Curve on Patient Selection and Clinical Outcomes

Introdução: O implante por cateter de prótese aórtica (TAVI, do inglês transcatheter aortic valve implantation) constitui tratamento alternativo para pacientes com estenose aórtica de alto risco cirúrgico ou inoperáveis. Para adquirir competência, o grupo multidisciplinar deve receber treinamento específico e acumular experiência na execução do TAVI. Contudo, sua curva de aprendizado não está bem estabelecida. Nosso objetivo foi analisar o impacto da curva de aprendizado na seleção de pacientes, nos aspectos técnicos e nos resultados clínicos do TAVI. Métodos: Estudo observacional e prospectivo dos primeiros 150 pacientes submetidos a TAVI por via femoral, entre janeiro de 2009 e dezembro de 2013 divididos em tercis (n = 50) de acordo com a data do procedimento. Os desfechos foram definidos conforme os critérios Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 (VARC-2). Resultados: A idade foi de 82,5 ± 6,7 anos, sendo 44% homens e 75% em classe NYHA III/IV. O EuroSCORE (24,2 ± 13% vs. 21,2 ± 10,8% vs. 23,4 ± 14,3%) e o STS Score (5,9 ± 2,9% vs. 6,7 ± 4,3% vs. 5,8 ± 3,1%) foram similares entre os grupos. Observou-se redução gradativa nos tempos do procedimento (107,2 ± 48,1 minutos vs. 90,3 ± 42,2 minutos vs. 76,6 ± 37,7 minutos; p < 0,01) e de fluoroscopia (31,3 ± 9,6 minutos vs. 25,4 ± 8,7 minutos vs. 17,2 ± 6,2 minutos; p = 0,01), e no ...

Background: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is an alternative treatment for high-risk or inoperable patients with aortic stenosis. The multidisciplinary team must undergo specific training and accumulate experience to achieve optimal results. However, its learning curve is not well established. Our objective was to investigate the impact of learning curve on patient selection, technical aspects and clinical outcomes of TAVI. Methods: Observational, prospective analysis of the first 150 patients undergoing transfemoral TAVI between January 2009 and December 2013. Patients were divided into tertiles (n = 50), according to the procedure date. Outcomes were defined according to Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 (VARC-2) criteria. Results: Mean age was 82.5 ± 6.7 years, 44% were male and 75% were in NYHA class III/IV. EuroS-CORE (24.2 ± 13% vs. 21.2 ± 10.8% vs. 23.4 ± 14.3%) and STS Score (5.9 ± 2.9% vs. 6.7 ± 4.3% vs. 5.8 ± 3.1%) were similar between groups. A gradual decrease was observed in procedure times (107.2 ± 48.1 minutes vs. 90.3 ± 42.2 minutes vs. 76.6 ± 37.7 minutes; p < 0.01), fluoroscopy times (31.3 ± 9,6 minutes vs. 25.4 ± 8.7 minutes vs. 17.2 ± 6.2 minutes; p = 0.01) and contrast volume (145.5 ± 70.9 mL vs. 123.2 ± 87.8 mL vs. 101.1 ± 50 mL; p = 0.01). Mortality decreased gradually (20% vs. 10% vs. 4%; p = 0,047), and lower bleeding and moderate-to-severe aortic regurgitation were ...

Efeitos da Esqueletização em Comparação com a Manutenção do Pedículo da Artéria Radial sobre a Patência e Fluxo Pós-Operatórios do Enxerto / Effects of Skeletonized versus Pedicled Radial Artery on Postoperative Graft Patency and Flow

Fundamento: O enxerto de artéria radial (AR) foi o segundo enxerto arterial a ser introduzido na prática clínica para revascularização miocárdica. A técnica de esqueletização da artéria torácica interna esquerda (ATIE) pode, de fato, alterar a capacidade de fluxo do enxerto com potenciais vantagens, o que leva à suposição de que o comportamento da AR, como enxerto coronariano, seja semelhante ao da ATIE esqueletizada. Objetivo: Este estudo avaliou enxertos aortocoronários "livres" de AR, quer esqueletizados, quer com tecidos adjacentes. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo prospectivo randomizado comparando 40 pacientes distribuídos em dois grupos. No grupo I, foram utilizadas artérias radiais esqueletizadas (20 pacientes), e no grupo II, artérias radiais com tecidos adjacentes (20 pacientes). Após o procedimento cirúrgico, os pacientes foram submetidos a medidas da velocidade de fluxo. Resultados: As principais variáveis cirúrgicas foram: diâmetro interno, comprimento e fluxo sanguíneo livre da AR. Os diâmetros médios dos enxertos de AR calculados através de angiografia quantitativa no pós-operatório imediato foram semelhantes, assim como as variáveis de medidas de velocidade de fluxo. Por outro lado, a cinecoronariografia mostrou a presença de oclusão em um enxerto de AR e estenose em cinco enxertos de AR no GII, enquanto que apenas um caso de estenose em um enxerto de AR no GI (p = 0,045). Conclusão: Os resultados mostram que tanto as características morfológicas e anatomopatológicas quanto o desempenho hemodinâmico dos enxertos livres de artéria radial, quer preparados de forma esqueletizada ou com tecidos adjacentes, são semelhantes. Entretanto, pode-se observar um maior número de lesões não obstrutivas quando a AR ...

Background: Radial artery (RA) was the second arterial graft introduced in clinical practice for myocardial revascularization. The skeletonization technique of the left internal thoracic artery (LITA) may actually change the graft's flow capacity with potential advantages. This leads to the assumption that the behavior of the RA, as a coronary graft, is similar to that of the LITA, when skeletonized. Objective: This study evaluated 'free' aortic-coronary radial artery (RA) grafts, whether skeletonized or with adjacent tissues. Methods: A prospective randomized study comparing 40 patients distributed into two groups was conducted. In group I, we used skeletonized radial arteries (20 patients), and in group II, we used radial arteries with adjacent tissues (20 patients). After the surgical procedure, patients underwent flow velocity measurements. Results: The main surgical variables were: RA internal diameter, RA length, and free blood flow in the radial artery. The mean RA graft diameters as calculated using quantitative angiography in the immediate postoperative period were similar, as well as the flow velocity measurement variables. On the other hand, coronary cineangiography showed the presence of occlusion in one RA graft and stenosis in five RA grafts in GII, while GI presented stenosis in only one RA graft (p = 0.045). Conclusion: These results show that the morphological and pathological features, as well as the hemodynamic performance of the free radial artery grafts, whether prepared in a skeletonized manner or with adjacent tissues, are similar. However, a larger number of non-obstructive lesions may be observed when RA is prepared with adjacent tissues. .

Temperaturas e disponibilidades hídricas do substrato na germinação de sementes de niger / Temperatures and substrate water availability on niger seeds germination

O niger (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.) é uma oleaginosa com potencial para a produção de biodiesel com poucas informações a respeito da qualidade fisiológica com que suas sementes são produzidas. Objetivou-se avaliar a germinação e o crescimento das plântulas de niger sob diferentes temperaturas e disponibilidades hídricas no substrato. O primeiro experimento foi conduzido em câmaras de germinação do tipo B.O.D. com temperaturas constantes (5, 10, 15, 20 e 25 °C) e uma temperatura alternada (20-30 °C). Para o segundo experimento as sementes foram semeadas sobre substrato de papel umedecido com soluções de Polietileno Glicol 6000 em diferentes potenciais osmóticos (0,0; -0,2; -0,4; -0,8 e -1,2 MPa) e mantidas em câmara de germinação do tipo B.O.D. na temperatura de 25°C. Avaliou-se a porcentagem, o índice de velocidade e o tempo médio de germinação, os comprimentos da parte aérea e da raiz e as massas fresca e seca das plântulas. As temperaturas de 20, 25 e 20-30 °C aumentaram a porcentagem e a velocidade de germinação das sementes de niger, que são sensíveis a temperaturas inferiores a 15 °C. A redução da disponibilidade hídrica do substrato a partir do potencial osmótico de -0,2 MPa prejudica a germinação e o crescimento de plântulas.

Niger (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.) is an oilplant with biodiesel potential production. However, there is little information about the seeds physiological quality production. This work aimed to evaluate niger germination and seedlings growth submitted to different temperature and substrate water availability. The first experiment was carried out in a germination chamber as B.O.D. with constants temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20 e 25 °C) and an alternated temperature (20-30 °C). For the second experiment seeds were sowed on paper substrate Polyethylene Glicol 6000 different osmotic potentials moisture solutions (0.0; -0.2; -0.4; -0.8 e -1.2 MPa) and it were kept in the germination chamber as B.O.D. at 25°C. Evaluated the germination percentage, germination speed index, germination medium time, aerial part and root length and fresh and dry seedlings mass. Results showed the 20-30, 25 e 20 °C temperatures favored the niger seeds germination percentage and speed index. Niger seeds are sensitive to temperatures below 15 °C and the substrate water availability decrease from -0.2 MPa prejudice seeds germination and seedlings growth.

Fatores de risco pré, intra e pós-operatórios para mortalidade hospitalar em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de aorta / Risk factors for pre, intra, and postoperative hospital mortality in patients undergoing aortic surgery

OBJETIVOS: O objetivo primário deste estudo é identificar preditores de óbito hospitalar em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de aorta. O objetivo secundário é identificar fatores associados ao desfecho clínico composto hospitalar (óbito, sangramento, disfunção ventricular ou complicações neurológicas). MÉTODOS: Delineamento transversal com componente longitudinal; por meio de revisão de prontuários, foram incluídos 257 pacientes. Os critérios de inclusão foram: dissecção crônica de aorta tipo A de Stanford e aneurisma de aorta ascendente. Foram excluídos casos de dissecção aguda de aorta, qualquer tipo, e aneurisma de aorta não envolvendo segmento ascendente. As variáveis avaliadas foram demografia, fatores pré, intra e pós-operatórios. RESULTADOS: Variáveis com risco aumentado de óbito hospitalar (RC; IC95%; P valor): etnia negra (6,8; 1,54 30,2; 0,04), doença cerebrovascular (10,5; 1,12-98,7; 0,04), hemopericárdio (35,1; 3,73-330,2; 0,002), operação de Cabrol (9,9; 1,47-66,36; 0,019), cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica simultânea (4,4; 1,31-15,06; 0,017), revisão de hemostasia (5,72; 1,29-25,29; 0,021) e circulação extracorpórea (CEC) [min] (1,016; 1,007-1,026; 0,001). Dor torácica associou-se com risco reduzido de óbito hospitalar (0,27; 0,08-0,94; 0,04). Variáveis com risco aumentado do desfecho clínico composto hospitalar foram: uso de antifibrinolítico (3,2; 1,65-6,27; 0,0006), complicação renal (7,4; 1,52-36,0; 0,013), complicação pulmonar (3,7; 1,5-8,8; 0,004), EuroScore (1,23; 1,08-1,41; 0,003) e tempo de CEC [min] (1,01; 1,00-1,02; 0,027). CONCLUSÃO: Etnia negra, doença cerebrovascular, hemopericárcio, operação de Cabrol, revascularização miocárdica simultânea, revisão de hemostasia e tempo de CEC associaram-se com risco aumentado de óbito hospitalar. Dor torácica associou-se com risco reduzido de óbito hospitalar. Uso de antifibrinolítico, complicação renal, complicação pulmonar, EuroScore e tempo de CEC associaram-se ao desfecho clínico composto hospitalar.

OBJECTIVES: The primary objective was to identify predictors of hospital mortality in patients undergoing aortic surgery. The secondary objective was to identify factors associated with clinical outcome composed hospital (death, bleeding, neurologic complications or ventricular dysfunction). METHODS: A cross-sectional design with longitudinal component. Through chart review, 257 patients were included. Inclusion criteria were: aortic dissection Stanford type A and ascending aortic aneurysm. Exclusion criteria were acute aortic dissection, of any kind, and no aortic aneurysm involving the ascending segment. Variables assessed: demographics, preoperative factors, intraoperative and postoperative. RESULTS: Variables with increased risk of hospital mortality (OR, 95% CI, P value): black ethnicity (6.8, 1.54-30.2; 0.04), cerebrovascular disease (10.5, 1.12-98.7; 0.04), hemopericardium (35.1, 3.73-330.2; 0.002), Cabrol operation (9.9, 1.47-66.36; 0.019), CABG simultaneous (4.4; 1.31 to 15.06; 0.017), bleeding (5.72, 1.29-25.29; 0.021) and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time [min] (1.016; 1.0071.026; 0.001). Thoracic pain was associated with reduced risk of hospital death (0.27, 0.08-0.94, 0.04). Variables with increased risk of hospital clinical outcome compound were: use of antifibrinolytic (3.2, 1.65-6.27; 0.0006), renal complications (7.4, 1.52-36.0; 0.013), pulmonary complications (3.7, 1.58.8, 0.004), EuroScore (1.23; 1.08-1.41; 0.003) and CPB time [min] (1.01; 1.00 to 1.02; 0.027). CONCLUSION: Ethnicity black, cerebrovascular disease, hemopericardium, Cabrol operation, CABG simultaneous, hemostasis review and CPB time was associated with increased risk of hospital death. Chest pain was associated with reduced risk of hospital death. Use of antifibrinolytic, renal complications, pulmonary complications, EuroScore and CPB time were associated with clinical outcome hospital compound.

Fatores de risco e presença de anticorpos para Toxoplasma gondii em cães do litoral do Estado de São Paulo / Risk factors and presence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in dogs from the coast of São Paulo State, Brazil

Toxoplasmosis is caused by the obligate intracellular protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii and affects warm-blooded vertebrates, including pets and man. Dogs are epidemio-logically important since they act as sentinels for the infection in humans. The present study aimed to determine the presence of antibodies to T. gondii in 205 serum samples from dogs in Ubatuba, Sao Paulo state, Brazil, through indirect immunofluorescence reaction (IFAT), as well as the risk factors related to toxoplasmosis in the animals such as breed, age, sex, access to outdoors, homemade food ingestion, access to untreated water, and contact with rodents. Toxoplasmosis-positive samples accounted for 52/205 (25.4 percent), with titers ranging from 16 to 256. The serological results presented significant association (P<0.05) with homemade food ingestion (45/118; 38.1 percent; CI95 percent 29.9 percent-47.2 percent) (OR=7.0; CI95 percent 3.0-16.6), and with access to outdoors where those that do not have access to the street were prevalent (37/121; 30.6 percent; CI95 percent 23.1 percent-39.3 percent) (OR=0.5; CI95 percent 0.2-1.0). These results show that toxoplasmosis in this region is related to problems of sanitary education, mainly concerning the appropriate cooking of foods, since most positive animals did not show significant association with the presence of rodents or untreated water consumption but showed, instead association with ingestion of homemade food. Thus, toxoplasmosis is a public health problem in the studied region, and sanitary measures are needed to control the infection due to the strict relationship between man and dog and the presented risk factors

A toxoplasmose é causada por um protozoário parasita intracelular obrigatório, Toxoplasma gondii, e acomete vertebrados homeotérmicos incluindo animais de companhia e o homem. O cão apresenta importância epidemiológica por atuar como sentinela da infecção para o homem. O presente estudo objetivou determinar a ocorrência de anticorpos para T. gondii em 205 amostras de soro de cães do município de Ubatuba, SP, Brasil, pela reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI), assim como os fatores de risco relacionados à infecção nos animais, como raça, idade, sexo, acesso a rua, ingestão de comida caseira, acesso a água não tratada e presença de roedores. 52/205 (25,4 por cento) amostras foram positivas para toxoplasmose, com títulos variando de 16 a 256. Os resultados sorológicos apresentaram associação significativa (P<0,05) com consumo de comida caseira (45/118; 38,1 por cento; IC95 por cento 29,9 por cento-47,2 por cento) (OR=7,0; CI95 por cento 3,0-16,6), e acesso a rua, em que aqueles que não tinham acesso a rua foram prevalentes (37/121; 30,6 por cento; IC95 por cento 23,1 por cento-39,3 por cento) (OR=0,5; CI95 por cento 0,2-1,0). Estes resultados demonstram que a toxoplasmose na região está relacionada com problema de educação sanitária, principalmente quanto ao adequado cozimento dos alimentos, visto que a maioria dos animais positivos não apresentou associação significativa com presença de roedores ou consumo de água não tratada, porém os mesmos permaneciam em casa aos quais fora oferecida comida caseira. Portanto, a toxoplasmose consiste em um problema de saúde pública na região estudada, sendo necessárias medidas sanitárias para o controle da infecção, visto a estreita relação homem-cão e os fatores de risco presentes.

Teor de proteína e de óleo nos grãos de soja em função do tratamento de sementes e aplicação de micronutrientes / Protein and oil content in soybean grains resulting from treatment of the seeds and application of micronutrients

Conduziu-se este trabalho, com o objetivo de verificar o efeito do uso de inoculante, fungicida, e micronutrientes na produtividade e na composição química dos grãos de soja. Na safra de 2005/2006, foi realizado um estudo com diferentes tratamentos de sementes e aplicação foliar de micronutrientes. Avaliaram-se características agronômicas e a produtividade, assim como o teor de óleo, de proteína e de outros nutrientes das folhas e dos grãos de soja. Altura de planta foi influenciada significativamente pelos tratamentos aplicados, sendo que a menor média de altura de planta foi observada na testemunha, 89,75 cm. O diâmetro de caules, o número de vagens por planta e a massa de 100 sementes não foram influenciados pelos tratamentos. Nas condições que o experimento foi desenvolvido, em solos de boa fertilidade, os tratamentos adotados não influenciaram significativamente na produtividade e nos teores de proteína e de óleo dos grãos, assim como na composição química foliar e dos grãos de soja.

The objective of this work was to verify the effect of the use of inoculant, fungicide, and micronutrients on yield, and on the chemical composition of soybean grains. In the 2005/2006 crop, a study with different seed treatments and leaf applications of micronutrients was done. Agronomic characteristics and yield were evaluated, as well as, oil, protein, and nutritional contents of soybean leaves and grains. Plant height was influenced significantly by the applied treatments, with the smallest average of plant height being observed in control ( 89.75 cm). Stem diameter, number of beans per plant, and bio mass of 100 seeds were not influenced by treatments. Under the conditions in which the experiments were carried out, in soil with good fertility, the adopted treatments did not significantly influence yield, nor protein and oil content of grains, nor chemical composition of soybean leaves and grains.

Associação deagentes patogênicos isolados emanálise microbiológica da água, coma presença de mastite clínica ou subclínica, em vacas de propriedades leiteiras da região de Cerqueira César, SP / Association of pathogenic agents isoladed from microbiological analysis of water with the presence of clinical or subclinical mastitis in cows of dairy farms of Cerqueira Cesar region SP

Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, pesquisar a relação entre os microrganismos patogênicos isolados e identificados em água utilizada na ordenha, com o isolamento e identificação dos mesmos em amostras de leite, de quartos mamários apresentando mastite clínica ou subclínica nas mesmas propriedades. Foram utilizadas 16 propriedades rurais leiteiras, escolhidas aleatoriamente, na região de Cerqueira César – SP, que utilizavam ordenha mecânica. A água utilizada na ordenha foi classificada em relação à presença de coliformes totais e fecais, como dentro dos padrões ou fora dos padrões de potabilidade humana. Nos resultados obtidos, 94% das amostras foram classificadas como fora dos padrões em relação a coliformes totais e fecais. Os microrganismos identificados foram:Escherichia coli (51%), Enterobacter spp. (25%), Enterobacter cloacae (8%) Edwardsiella tarda (8%) e Klebsiella oxytoca (8%). Em relação ao leite, foram analisadas 373 amostras provenientes de vacas em lactação, com mastite clínica (n=19; 5%) e subclínica (n=354; 95%). Os animais com mastite subclínica foram identificados pela contagem de células somáticas (CCS), utilizando-se o aparelho eletrônico (Somacount 300, Bentley), onde a média observada foi de 1.631 x 103 células/mL. Os principais microrganismos identificados foram: Staphylococcus aureus (30%), Corynebacterium bovis (23%) e Staphylococcus spp. (15%). Conforme os dados obtidos, os agentes coliformes encontrados na água, utilizada na ordenha, não estavam presentes nas análises das amostras de leite dos quartos mamários com mastite clínica ou subclínica das respectivas propriedades, demonstrando não haver associação entre a qualidade da água e a ocorrência de mastite.

The aim of the present study was to research the relation between the isolated and identified pathogenic microorganisms in the water used in the milking, with the isolation and identification of the same in milk samples of teats showing clinical or subclinical mastitis. Sixteen dairy farms were randomly chosen, in Cerqueira Cesar town - SP, which used mechanical milking. Water of the farms was classified in relation to the presence of total and fecal coliforms such as in the standard or out of the standard of human potability. In the results obtained, 94% of the samples were classified as being out of the standards in relation to total and fecal coliforms. The identified microorganisms were Escherichia coli (51%), Enterobacter spp. (25%), Enterobacter cloacae (8%), Edwardsiella tarda (8%) and Klebsiella oxytoca (8%). Regarding the milk samples, 373 samples from suckling cows were analyzed, presenting clinical mastitis (n=19; 5%) and subclinical mastitis (n=354; 95%).Animals presenting subclinical mastitis were identified by somatic cellcount (SCC), utilizing electronic equipment (Somacount 300 – Bentley), where the mean found was 1,631 x 103 cells/mL. The main identified microorganisms were Staphylococcus aureus (30%), Corynebacterium bovis (23%) and Staphylococcus spp. (15%).According to the results obtained, coliform agents found in the water used in the milking were not present in the analysis of the milk samples of quarters presenting clinical or subclinical mastitis from the respective farms, showing that there was not an association between water quality and mastitis occurrence.

Cirurgia da endocardite em valva aórtica: opção para tratamento de abscesso aórtico / Surgery for Aortic Valve endocarditis: treatment options for aortic abscess

FUNDAMENTO: A grande diversidade de apresentações anatômicas encontradas em pacientes com endocardite infecciosa, especialmente nos que desenvolvem abscessos do anel aórtico ou fistulas intracardíacas, tem sido um complicador para o tratamento cirúrgico dessa doença. Por esse motivo, os cirurgiões têm desenvolvido opções táticas para sua correção. A consciência geral de que a retirada do tecido infectado promove uma limpeza radical, o aparecimento de colas biológicas que facilitam o fechamento dos abscessos e o surgimento de novos substitutos valvares melhoraram o resultado do tratamento. OBJETIVO: Demonstrar mais uma opção no tratamento do abscesso aórtico, para casos selecionados, tubo valvulado em posição infra-coronariana. MÉTODOS: Empreendemos a técnica em três pacientes: em dois, empregamos tubo valvulado com prótese mecânica, e em um, com prótese biológica. Dois pacientes necessitaram procedimentos associados com troca da valva mitral em um deles e plástica da valva tricúspide no outro. Todos eram reoperações de próteses em posição aórtica. RESULTADOS: A evolução cirúrgica e pós-operatória imediata foi satisfatória com os três recebendo alta da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva para o quarto. Um dos pacientes evoluiu para óbito durante a internação em razão de co-morbidades graves que já apresentava no pré-operatório, relacionadas a varizes de esôfago e comprometimento hepático. Os outros dois apresentam boa evolução no pós-operatório tardio. CONCLUSÃO: Acreditamos que essa opção seja mais uma alternativa para o tratamento de abscessos com grande comprometimento de estruturas do anel aórtico e da continuidade mitro-aórtica.

BACKGROUND: Patients with infective endocarditis show a large diversity of anatomical presentations, which has been a complicating factor for the surgical treatment of this condition, especially in those who develop abscesses in the aortic ring or intracardiac fistulae. For this reason, surgeons have been developing tactical options to repair it. There is consensus around the fact that the removal of infected tissue promotes radical cleaning, and that the outcome of the treatment has been improved by the manufacture of biological glues which facilitate the closure of abscesses and by the creation of new valve replacements. OBJECTIVE:To demonstrate yet one more treatment option for aortic abscess for selected cases: a valved conduit placed in infra-coronary position. METHODS: We employed the technique in three patients: in two of them we employed a valved conduit with a mechanical prosthesis and in one of them a valved conduit with a biological prosthesis. Two patients needed associated procedures such as replacement of mitral valve in one of them and tricuspid valvoplasty in the other. All cases involved reoperation of prostheses in aortic position. RESULTS: The progression during surgery and in the early postoperative period was satisfactory and the three patients were discharged from the Intensive Care Unit and were sent to hospital rooms. One of the patients progressed to death during hospital stay due to severe comorbidities which were present in the preoperative period, and which related to esophageal varices and hepatic involvement. The other two progressed well in the late postoperative period. CONCLUSION: We believe that this option is yet one more alternative for the treatment of abscesses with great involvement of aortic ring structures and mitro-aortic continuity.