ABSTRACT
Objective Streptococcus pneumoniae can form biofilms .The aim of this study was to investigate the biofilm forma-tion of Streptococcus pneumoniae and the relationship with antibiotic resistance of penicillin etc . Methods A total of 147 clinical iso-lates of Streptococcus pneumoniae were collected from 7 teaching hospitals in Nanjing from 2010 to 2012.Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of penicillin, erythromycin, cefuroxime and ceftriaxone were determined by agar dilution method .Streptococcus pneumoniae with various penicillin MIC was selected randomly as follow:MIC≤0.065μg/mL, 0.5μg/mL, 2μg/mL and≥4μg/mL, which was incuba-ted to form biofilms in 96-well plates and 24-well plates for 24 hours.The A values at 570 nm was measured and the biofilm was observed through confocal laser scanning microscope ( CLSM) . Results The biofilm semi-quantitative detection and CLSM both displayed that all strains formed biofilms.The A value of the group which penicillin MIC was ≤0.065μg/mL (0.228 ±0.063) was higher than the 0.5μg/mL group (0.200 ±0.061) and the≥4μg/mL group (0.186 ±0.050) (P0.05).The A value of the group which erythromycin MIC was ≤0.5μg/mL (0.211 ±0.068) was higher than the ≥4μg/mL group (0.201 ±0.052) (P>0.05).The A value of the group sensitive to cefuroxime (0.216 ±0.062) was higher than the group resistant to cefuroxime (0.196 ±0.054) (P<0.05). Conclusion Streptococcus pneumoniae can form biofilms .Streptococcus pneumoniae with high antibiotics MIC has a trend of weakened biofilm formation .
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors of peripheral arterial disease(PAD)in patients with diabetic foot ulcer(DFU).Methods Two hundred and eleven hospital patients with DFU were enrolled and divided into is chemic ulcer (IU) group (136 patients,with PAD) and non-IU group(75 patients,without PAD).The clinical characteristics were retrospectively analyzed.Results Single factor analysis showed that age,the course of diabetes mellitus,smoking,accompanied with coronary artery disease,the course of DFU,triacylglycerol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,fasting plasma glucose (FPG),post-prandial 2 h blood glucose,apaprotein(Apo)A1 and ApoB,glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c),systolic blood pressure,C-reactive protein were risk factors (P ＜0.01 or ＜0.05).Multiple factors Logistic regression showed that age(OR =0.983,P =0.006),accompanied with coronary artery disease(OR =4.800,P=0.001),FPG (OR =1.153,P=0.001),HbA1c (OR =0.798,P=0.001) were important risk factors of DFU.Conclusions The degree of lesion in DFU combined with PAD is more seriously and associated disease are more.Age,accompanied with coronary artery disease,FPG,HbA1c are the important risk factors of DFU combined with PAD.