ABSTRACT
Human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) appears to be transmitted mainly by sexual contact. However, several studies suggest that in developing countries the infection may be acquired early in life by routes other than sexual transmission. The present study estimated the seroprevalence of HHV-8 in Brazilian children born to HIV-1-infected mothers. The serum samples were collected in a cross-sectional cohort study from 99 children born to HIV-infected mothers (median age 3.27 years; range 1.5-13.8 years) attending the outpatient clinic of the Federal University of São Paulo. IgG antibodies to HHV-8 latency-associated nuclear antigen and lytic phase antigens were detected by immunofluorescence assays. The samples tested were collected from children aged 12 months or older to exclude the possibility of cross-placental antibody transport. The total prevalence of anti-lytic antibodies in this population (5/99; 5 percent) reveals that HHV-8 infection can occur during childhood. Children aged 1.5 to 2 years had a seroprevalence of 2 percent (1/50) and children aged 3.25 to 13.8 years had a seroprevalence of 8 percent (4/49). This difference was not statistically significant, probably because of the small size of the sample, but it suggests that HHV-8 infection occurs more commonly late in infancy. Further prospective studies are necessary to evaluate the timing and risk factors for primary HHV-8 infection in the pediatric population.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , HIV Infections/complications , HIV-1 , Herpesviridae Infections/epidemiology , /immunology , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology , Brazil/epidemiology , Cohort Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct , HIV Antibodies/blood , Herpesviridae Infections/diagnosis , Herpesviridae Infections/transmission , Herpesviridae Infections/virology , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Sensitivity and Specificity , Seroepidemiologic StudiesABSTRACT
Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is a newly described herpesvirus that is etiologically associated with all forms of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). Seroepidemiological studies have shown high prevalence rates of HHV-8 antibodies among men who have sex with men (MSM) and AIDS patients, African children, Brazilian Amerindians, and elderly individuals in certain regions of Europe. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of HHV-8 antibodies in healthy children and young adults from different cities in São Paulo State, and in a population at high risk for HHV-8 infection: HIV-negative MSM, and AIDS patients with and without KS. Antibodies to HHV-8 latency-associated nuclear antigen and lytic-phase antigens were detected by immunofluorescence assays. In 643 healthy children and young adults from the general population attending a vaccination program for yellow fever in ten different cities in São Paulo State, the prevalence of HHV-8 antibodies detected by the presence of latent or lytic antigens ranged from 1.0 to 4.1 percent in the different age groups (mean = 2.5 percent). In the MSM group, the prevalence was 31/95 (32.6 percent). In the group of patients with AIDS, the prevalence was 39.2 percent (51/130) for non-KS patients and 98.7 percent (77/78) for AIDS patients with the diagnosis of KS confirmed by histopathological examination. We conclude that HHV-8 has a restricted circulation among healthy children and young adults in the general population of São Paulo State and a high prevalence among MSM and AIDS patients.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adult , Herpesviridae Infections , Herpesvirus 8, Human , Antibodies, Viral , Sarcoma, Kaposi , Brazil , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , Virus Latency , Herpesviridae Infections , Homosexuality, Male , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/virologyABSTRACT
Com o objetivo de determinar a prevalencia da infeccao pelo Citomegalovirus (CMV) em pacientes com AIDS, bem como relacionar os achados clinicos virologicos decorrentes desta infeccao com as repercussoes anatomopatologicas, estudamos 50 pacientes adultos atendidos entre abril de 1986 a junho de 1987, em dois hospitais publicos de Sao Paulo (HSP e HSPE). Estes pacientes foram acompanhados clinica e laboratorialmente, por periodo medio de 2 meses com coletas seriadas de sangue, urina e saliva. Foram realizados isolamento do CMV em monocamadas de fibroblastos humanos e testes sorologicos de Imunofluorescencia Indireta (IFI-IgG/IgM) e Reacao Imunoenzimatica (ELISA-IgG). No momento da admissao no estudo 20 por cento (10/50) dos pacientes apresentavam anticorpos IgM CMV especificos e 100 por cento (50/50) deles anticorpos IgG (IFI). Durante o acompanhamento, 5 pacientes inicialmente IgM negativos tornaram-se IgM positivos, sugerindo reativacao ou reinfeccao pelo CMV. O CMV foi isolado de sangue periferico em 12,5 por cento, da urina em 23,2 por cento, da saliva em 21,9 por cento dos pacientes. Exames anatomopatologicos foram realizados em 24 pacientes, correspondendo a 60 por cento dos pacientes que evoluiram para obito durante o periodo de estudo...
Subject(s)
Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Cytomegalovirus Infections/complications , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/urine , Cytomegalovirus Infections/blood , Cytomegalovirus Infections/diagnosis , Cytomegalovirus Infections/urine , Cytomegalovirus/isolation & purification , Saliva/microbiologyABSTRACT
Com o objetivo de se avaliar a magnitude da infeccao perinatal pelo citomegalovirus em hospital publico do municipio de Sao Paulo, os autores acompanharam prospectivamente 98 recem-nascidos ete o quarto mes de vida. Amostras de urina foram coletadas ao nascimento e posteriormente a cada mes, para inoculacao em tubos contendo fibroblastos humanos. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas ao nascimento, no segundo e quarto mes de vida para pesquisa de anticorpos IgM especificos para o CMV, pelo metodo de imunofluorescencia indireta. Dos 37 recem-nascidos que foram acompanhados ate o quarto mes de vida, 9 se infectaram neste periodo, com diagnostico feito pelo isolamento do CMV. O risco de aquisicao da infeccao pelo citomegalovirus no periodo perinatal estimado pela tabua de sobrevivencia foi de 30,9 por cento. A pesquisa de anticorpos IgM por imunofluorescencia so permitiu tal diagnostico em 2 casos (8,1 por cento). A diferenca observada entre os dois metodos foi estatisticamente significante (p = 0,015). O estudo da prevalencia de anticorpos IgG pelo ensaio imunoenzimatico nas maes das criancas mostrou taxas de 92,7 por cento. Nao se isolou CMV nas amostras de leite materno, coletadas mensalmente ate o terceiro mes de lactacao...
Subject(s)
Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Male , Female , Infant , Humans , Cytomegalovirus Infections/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Cervix Uteri/microbiology , Cytomegalovirus Infections/diagnosis , Cytomegalovirus Infections/transmission , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , Milk, Human/microbiology , Prospective Studies , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
A reacao imunoenzimatica (ELISA) para determinacao de anticorpos para o virus do sarampo foi comparada com a reacao de neutralizacao de placas (RNP), inibicao da hemaglutinacao (RIH) e imunofluorescencia indireta (RIF). Das 179 amostras positivas pela RNP, somente 2, com titulos iguais a 8, se apresentaram negativas por ELISA (copositividade de 98.9 por cento). A RIF e RIH apresentaram, respectivamente, copositividade de 93.3 e 82.7 por cento. ELISA apresentou sensibilidade equivalente a complexa RNP, boa reprodutibilidade e representa uma alternativa para a deteccao de baixos titulos de anticorpos contra o sarampo.