ABSTRACT
There is a current tendency to believe that malignant melanoma originate from epidermal melanocyte rather than from pigmented cell of the upper dermis. Approximately 15% of all malignant melanoma in the body occur in head and neck regions. The majority of the patients were in the sixth & seventh decade. A case of malignant melanoma in the occipital region in a 2-year-old girl is reported. Physical and X-ray studies showed a large brownish pigmented mass with ulcerated surface and small bony defect in the occipital region.
Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Dermis , Head , Melanocytes , Melanoma , Neck , UlcerABSTRACT
The penicillin produces seizures when applied directly to cerebral cortex and, in some instances, when given systemically in large amounts. Most studies with this agent have had as their goal the elucidation of neurophysiological mechanisms underlying seizure activity. The present study was undertaken to explore the biochemical events which take place in the presence of an epileptogenic agent and, in particular, to see whether this agent has a direct effect on passive or active cation transport or an effect on energy production within neural tissues. The penicillin-induced seizure activity has been produced by direct injection of an aqueous penicillin G sodium into the cerebral subarachnoid space in rat. It is assumed that penicillin-induced seizure results from the leakage of potassium ions from intracellular compartment and alteration of firing properties of neurons with prolonged depolarization, and disturbances in activities of enzyme involved in glutamine metabolism. Diphenylhydantoin may stimulate cation pumping with activation of (Na+-K+)-ATPase enzyme system and this action may be relevant to its anticonvulsant activity.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Cation Transport Proteins , Cerebral Cortex , Fires , Glutamine , Ions , Metabolism , Neurons , Penicillin G , Penicillins , Phenytoin , Potassium , Seizures , Subarachnoid SpaceABSTRACT
This report is made to investigate clinical outcome in 144 patients with severe head injuries. The result was as follows: 18% made a good recovery, 25% were moderately disabled, 11% were left vegetative, and 44% died. The outcome from severe head injuries seemed to become worse with advancing age. It was observed that the prognosis for head injury in general worsens in the group older than 30 years and the apparent increased morbidity and mortality with a surgical hematoma relate more to age than to the presence of the hematoma.
Subject(s)
Humans , Craniocerebral Trauma , Head , Hematoma , Mortality , PrognosisABSTRACT
Acute cerebral embolism continues to be a major cause of stroke morbidity in children and young adults. A variety of drugs including steroids, dextran, barbiturates, and anticoagulants are used in the management of cerebral ischemia, despite controversy over their benefits in clinical and experimental situations. The operative treatment includes microsurgical cerebral embolectomy and cerebral revascularization. Middle cerebral artery embolectomies which have been carried out in human with variable results, have been reported by different authors. In order to define a time limit for cerebral embolectomies before irreversible brain damage has been incurred, the canine middle cerebral artery was embolized by means of a gutta percha cylinder, 4 mm long by 1.5 mm in diameter, via the internal carotid artery. It was observed that embolectomy of the middle cerebral artery performed between 4 and 5 hours postembolism could prevent the expected cerebral infarction effectually. Middle cerebral artery embolectomy beyond 5-hour periods invariably resulted in severe hemorrhagic infarction with concomitant neurological impairment.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Young Adult , Anticoagulants , Barbiturates , Brain , Brain Ischemia , Carotid Artery, Internal , Cerebral Infarction , Cerebral Revascularization , Dextrans , Embolectomy , Gutta-Percha , Infarction , Intracranial Embolism , Middle Cerebral Artery , Steroids , StrokeABSTRACT
The authors report a case of intradural schwannoma of the cauda equina that was totally removed by microsurgical operation.
Subject(s)
Cauda Equina , NeurilemmomaABSTRACT
The authors report a case of intradural schwannoma of the cauda equina that was totally removed by microsurgical operation.
Subject(s)
Cauda Equina , NeurilemmomaABSTRACT
The authors report 2 cases of pseudotumor cerebri in which ventriculoperitoneal shunting procedures have been performed to relieve intracranial hypertensions, and satisfactory results have been obtained.
Subject(s)
Pseudotumor Cerebri , Ventriculoperitoneal ShuntABSTRACT
The authors report a case of cirsoid aneurysm in which diagnosis is reached by carotid angiography. To clarify the confusion regarding this rare lesion, the definition, origin and pathogenesis of the lesion are discussed.
Subject(s)
Aneurysm , Angiography , Diagnosis , ScalpABSTRACT
Although a great deal has been written about porencephaly during the past 100 years, there is much that remains obscure. The clinical recognition of porencephaly is important because it occurs with sufficient frequency to require consideration in the differential diagnosis of focal cerebral lesions. The authors considered and discussed to fulfill the pathogensis for this case.
Subject(s)
Diagnosis, DifferentialABSTRACT
The authors report a rare case of reticulum cell sarcoma-microgliomatosis which was extended into the leptomeninges, the Virchow-Robin spaces and choroid plexus invading the cerebral parenchyma in the left temporal area. Histogenesis of this tumor is briefly discussed.
Subject(s)
Brain , Choroid Plexus , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin , ReticulumABSTRACT
The authors analyze arbitrary 100 cases of skull fractures and compare with the incidence and character of the complication of head injuries associated with a skull fracture. Age, sex, cause of injury, skull fracture, intracranial hemorrhage, mortality rate and sequelae are discussed.
Subject(s)
Craniocerebral Trauma , Incidence , Intracranial Hemorrhages , Mortality , Skull Fractures , SkullABSTRACT
The authors describe a case of ossiculum terminale in which a new technique of posterior cervical fusion for the reduction of atlantoaxial dislocation has been attempted, and satisfactory stabilization and restoration of normal contour of the cervical spine have been obtained by double wiring technique.
Subject(s)
Joint Dislocations , SpineABSTRACT
Of all the potentially lethal complications of the head injury, extradural hemorrhage is the most readily diagnosed and remediable, yet the mortality rate remains distressingly high. The authors report on 58 consecutive patients with extradural hematoma. The mortality was 31%. The classical clinical course with a lucidal interval was seen in three patients only. The classical neurological signs of an extradural hematoma, contralateral hemiparesis, and ipsilateral third nerve palsy were seen in 9 patients(15.5%). The main factors associated with increased mortality were concomitant brain injury, rapid development of the hematoma and unconsciousness at the time of operation. In almost half of the fatal cases, there was a delay in the diagnosis and operation. Consequently better results are possible with better organization of the supervision and treatment of brain injured patients.
Subject(s)
Humans , Brain , Brain Injuries , Craniocerebral Trauma , Diagnosis , Hematoma , Hemorrhage , Mortality , Oculomotor Nerve Diseases , Organization and Administration , Paresis , UnconsciousnessABSTRACT
The authors report a case of traumatic cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea accompanied by psychotic symptoms in which intracranial approach was performed under the surgical microscope for closure of the cerebrospinal fluid fistula, and satisfactory result were obtained.
Subject(s)
Cerebrospinal Fluid , Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea , FistulaABSTRACT
The authors describe a case of large dermoid cyst of the scalp which removed surgically and cosmetically. Dermoid cyst is derived from epiblastic cells predestined to form skin which become detached from their neighbours and included in mesenchyme at about third to the fifth week of feral life, when the neural tube is closing. The contents of the cyst are thus mixtures of keratin, sebum, and hair, according to the proportionate development of these elements. It is usually a single tumor and may develop almost anywhere in the subcutaneous tissue, being of variable size.
Subject(s)
Dermoid Cyst , Germ Layers , Hair , Mesoderm , Neural Tube , Scalp , Sebum , Skin , Subcutaneous TissueABSTRACT
The authors report a case of tuberculoma of the cerebral hemisphere, which has been excised under the operating microscope. With the references reviewed, this case is interesting one in supratentorial location.
Subject(s)
Cerebrum , TuberculomaABSTRACT
The authors describe a case of tuberculous epidural granuloma at the level of the 4th thoracic spine in a 27-year-old woman. Extraosseous origin of tuberculous granuloma has been rarely reported. With the references reviewed, the pathogenesis of Pott's paraplegia is discussed.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Granuloma , Spine , Tuberculosis, SpinalABSTRACT
The authors report a case of malignant brain-stem glioma with typical clinical signs in which successful surgical decompression and biopsy were obtained under the surgical microscope, and factors favoring surgical removal of such lesion are discussed.
Subject(s)
Biopsy , Decompression , Decompression, Surgical , GliomaABSTRACT
The author describes a case of traumatic cervical fracture-dislocation without spial cord syndrome in which Cloward anterior approach was performed under the operating microscope, and satisfactory stabilization and restoration of normal contour of the cervical spine were obtained by a dowel-shaped interbody bone graft. Cervical fracture-dislocation / spinal cord syndrome / Cloward technique / surgical microscope / dowel-shaped bone graft / anterior fusion / Crutchfield traction.
Subject(s)
Spinal Cord , Spine , Traction , TransplantsABSTRACT
A method for determining the normal position of the angiographic sylvian point in the lateral angiographic projection has been devised by author. The position of the angiographic sylvian point has been determined by the angle between two lines from the anterior clinoid process to internal occipital protuberance and to angiographic sylvian point, and the quotient of the measured distance from the anterior clinoid process to angiographic sylvian point to that from the anterior clinoid process to inner table of parietal bone. The 95% confidence limits for mean vlaue of the angle are 50.09+/-.90 and of the quotient 0.47+/-.008. The angiographic sylvian point seems to become lower with advancing age, but remains stationary after growth is completed. The quotient value calculated is independent of skull dimensions. It is assumed that the author's method for estimating the position of the angiographic sylvian point is relatively accurate since the position is determined by the dual components of angle and quotient.