ABSTRACT
Autosomal dominant chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (AD-CMC) is a subtype of CMC caused by gain-of-function (GOF) mutation of the signal transducer and the activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) protein. GOF mutation of STAT1 disrupts Th17 cell differentiation and causes susceptibility to candida infection in mucous membranes. Although genetic testing is crucial to diagnose AD-CMC, a simple and fast diagnostic tool is required for the management and reduction of complications associated with infection. Flow cytometry (FCM) is suggested for the measurement of intracellular phosphorylated STAT1 (pSTAT1) in a stimulated status. Here, we report the application of FCM to show the activation status of STAT signaling in a 24-year-old female patient diagnosed with AD-CMC. Compared to the controls, the patient’s T cells showed increased levels of pSTAT1 after stimulation by interferon-γ and lesser extent of inhibition caused by an inhibitor. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first evaluation of the usefulness of FCM as an alternative diagnostic and monitoring tool of GOF STAT1 in Korea.
ABSTRACT
Autosomal dominant chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (AD-CMC) is a subtype of CMC caused by gain-of-function (GOF) mutation of the signal transducer and the activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) protein. GOF mutation of STAT1 disrupts Th17 cell differentiation and causes susceptibility to candida infection in mucous membranes. Although genetic testing is crucial to diagnose AD-CMC, a simple and fast diagnostic tool is required for the management and reduction of complications associated with infection. Flow cytometry (FCM) is suggested for the measurement of intracellular phosphorylated STAT1 (pSTAT1) in a stimulated status. Here, we report the application of FCM to show the activation status of STAT signaling in a 24-year-old female patient diagnosed with AD-CMC. Compared to the controls, the patient’s T cells showed increased levels of pSTAT1 after stimulation by interferon-γ and lesser extent of inhibition caused by an inhibitor. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first evaluation of the usefulness of FCM as an alternative diagnostic and monitoring tool of GOF STAT1 in Korea.
ABSTRACT
This research team extracted keywords from 953 papers published in the Journal of Dental Hygiene Science from 2001 to 2018 for keyword and centrality analyses using the Keyword Network Analysis method. Data were analyzed using Excel 2016 and NetMiner Version 4.4.1. By conducting a deeper analysis between keywords by overall keyword and time frame, we arrived at the following conclusions. For the 17 years considered for this study, the most frequently used words in a dental science paper were “Health,”“Oral,”“Hygiene,” and “Hygienist.” The words that form the center by connecting major words in the Journal of Dental Hygiene through the upper-degree centrality words were “Health,”“Dental,”“Oral,”“Hygiene,” and “Hygienist.” The upper betweenness centrality words were “Dental,”“Health,”“Oral,”“Hygiene,” and “Student.” Analysis results of the degree centrality words per period revealed “Health” (0.227), “Dental” (0.136), and “Hygiene” (0.136) for period 1; “Health” (0.242), “Dental” (0.177), and “Hygiene” (0.113) for period 2; “Health” (0.200), “Dental” (0.176), and “Oral” (0.082) for period 3; and “Dental” (0.235), “Health” (0.206), and “Oral” (0.147) for period 4. Analysis results of the betweenness centrality words per period revealed “Oral” (0.281) and “Health” (0.199) for period 1; “Dental” (0.205) and “Health” (0.169) for period 2, with the weight then dispersing to “Hygiene” (0.112), “Hygienist” (0.054), and “Oral” (0.053); “Health” (0.258) and “Dental” (0.246) for period 3; and “Oral” (0.364), “Health” (0.353), and “Dental” (0.333) for period 4. Based on the above results, we hope that further studies will be conducted in the future with diverse study subjects.
Subject(s)
Hope , Methods , Oral HygieneABSTRACT
Anti-G positivity can be misinterpreted as the presence of anti-D or -C antigen in an antibody identification test, as this antibody is known to show agglutination to D or C antigen-positive red cells. Correct identification of anti-G is important in pregnant women, as prenatal care or the need for RhIG administration can vary between anti-D and -C versus anti-G cases. We recently encountered a D-negative case with suspected anti-D and -C, which was ruled out by adsorption and elution tests, and ultimately confirmed the presence of anti-G. The pregnant woman was a 33-year-old patient with cde Rh phenotype with a previous history of spontaneous abortion, followed by administration of RhIG. The spouse's Rh phenotype was CDe. Initial antibody identification test showed 2+ positivity to C (homozygotes and heterozygotes) and trace to 1+ positivity to D. Upon additional adsorption and elution with R0r (cDe/cde) and r'r (Cde/ cde) red cells, we identified the antibody present in the patient's serum as anti-G. The patient is currently under close follow-up monitoring for anti-G titer using antibody titer testing with both CDe and CcDEe red cells. Periodic fetal cerebral Doppler examination is being carried out without evidence of fetal distress.