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1.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 62(8): 735-741, Nov. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-829539

ABSTRACT

Summary Introduction: To investigate the sociodemographic and morbidity profile of advanced dementia patients and sociodemographic data of their primary caregivers. Method: Data was obtained from 67 elderly recruited for an observational prospective study, through interviews performed with primary caregivers. For statistical analysis, the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS(r)) for Windowsr, version 19.0. was employed. Results: Advanced dementia patients were mostly women, widows, and non-institutionalized, with low-income. An elevated rate of stroke, sarcopenia, and pressure ulcers in this population is noted. Caregivers were mostly women, married, children of the studied patients, and unemployed. Only one third of caregivers were hired for the task. Conclusion: Patients with advanced dementia present a high morbidity profile, low income, and depend on the care given by family members, mostly unemployed daughters.


Resumo Objetivo: investigar o perfil sociodemográfico e de morbidade de pacientes com demência avançada e dados sociodemográficos de seus respectivos cuidadores primários. Método: foram obtidos dados de 67 idosos recrutados para um estudo observacional, prospectivo, não randomizado e não cego de pacientes em fase avançada de demência, por meio de entrevistas realizadas com os cuidadores primários. Para as análises estatísticas, foi utilizado o Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSSr) para Windowsr, na versão 19.0. Resultados: a maioria dos pacientes com demência avançada é do sexo feminino, viúva, não institucionalizada e de baixa renda. Destacam-se as elevadas taxas de acidente vascular encefálico, sarcopenia e úlceras por pressão. A maioria dos cuidadores são do sexo feminino, casados, filhos do paciente e desempregados. Somente um terço dos pacientes apresenta cuidador contratado. Conclusão: os pacientes com demência avançada apresentam elevado grau de morbidades, baixa renda e são dependentes de cuidados de familiares, geralmente filhas desempregadas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Geriatric Assessment , Caregivers/statistics & numerical data , Dementia/epidemiology , Socioeconomic Factors , Brazil/epidemiology , Family , Comorbidity , Trauma Severity Indices , Prospective Studies , Caregivers/psychology , Dementia/nursing , Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Middle Aged , National Health Programs
2.
Rev. bras. hematol. hemoter ; 36(6): 409-413, Nov-Dec/2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-731241

ABSTRACT

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the intestinal barrier function in leukemia patients before the start of the chemotherapy with an intestinal permeability test using lactulose and mannitol as markers. Methods: The study enrolled 20 patients diagnosed with leukemia (acute and chronic). Ten healthy volunteers were also submitted to the test as a control group. Results: The median lactulose/mannitol ratio was 0.019 for the Leukemia Patient Group, whereas in healthy controls the median was 0.009 (p-value = 0.244). The median lactulose/mannitol ratio in acute leukemia patients was 0.034 giving a p-value of 0.069 when compared to healthy controls. This same comparison was made between acute myeloid leukemia patients and healthy controls with a p-value of 0.149. There was no significant difference in the intestinal permeability between acute and chronic leukemia patients (p-value = 0.098). Conclusion: The intestinal barrier function measured using the intestinal permeability test was similar in leukemic patients overall and healthy controls, but a tendency toward a different pattern was found in the intestinal barrier function of acute leukemia patients...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Drug Therapy , Intestines , Lactulose , Leukemia , Mannitol , Permeability
3.
Rev. méd. Minas Gerais ; 24(1)jan.-mar. 2014.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-720018

ABSTRACT

Com base em uma frase atribuída ao Professor João Galizzi, buscou-se discutir o papel da dúvida na atividade do médico. Iniciou-se por abordar aspectos semânticos das palavras dúvida e incerteza e a partir das dificuldades advindas da relação sujeito-objeto na Medicina. Foram recuperadas indicações hipocráticas, passando pela filosofia de Descartes e aforismos de William Osler, chegando à medicina baseada em evidências. Ao se indicar a existência de alteridade do paciente comouma das fontes da dúvida que surge no seio da atividade médica, discute-se que um projeto de eliminação da dúvida não é possível nem desejável, pois implicaria a eliminação dessa alteridade. Sugere-se a dúvida como elemento intrínseco ao raciocínio clínico e que coloca o paciente no centro do mesmo, permitindo ao médico que se utiliza dela o cultivo do método clínico. Buscou-se, assim, colocar em evidência e discutir a importância da frase atribuída ao eminente professor: "a dúvida é o travesseiro do médico"


Based on a quote attributed to Professor John Galizzi, we attempted to discuss the role of doubt in medical activity. We start by addressing the semantic aspects of the words ?doubt? and ?uncertainty? and difficulties arising from the subject-object relationship in medicine. Hippocratic indications were revisited, as well as the philosophy of Descartes and the aphorisms of William Osler, to present-day evidence-based medicine. Byindicating the existence of the otherness that is the patient as a source of doubt within the medical activity, we argue that a project of eliminating doubt is neither possible nor desirable because it would imply the elimination of this otherness. We suggest doubt as an element intrinsic to clinical reasoning that puts the patient in the center of things, allowingphysicians who uses doubt to cultivate the clinical method. We sought therefore to call attention to and discuss the importance of sentence attributed to the eminent professor: "doubt is the doctors pillow"


Subject(s)
Humans , Clinical Diagnosis , Uncertainty , History of Medicine , Physician-Patient Relations
4.
Rev. méd. Minas Gerais ; 23(3)jul.-set. 2013.
Article in Portuguese, English | LILACS | ID: lil-702914

ABSTRACT

Este ensaio pretende resgatar o conceito de clínica, procurando fazer reflexão, a partir da história da medicina e da psiquiatria, das mudanças tecnológicas do mundo contemporâneo e suas consequências na prática médica atual. A Anorexia Nervosa é usada como exemplo paradigmático, permitindo contrapor à posição corrente e discutir a importância da concepção clássica da clínica na abordagem dessas manifestações. O método usado fundamentou-se em leituras da história da medicina e da psiquiatria, o que permite observar, de forma crítica, a orientação da prática médica atual.


This essay aims to rescue the concept of clinic, trying to reflect, from the history of medicine and psychiatry, about the technological changes in the contemporary world and its consequences in current medical practice. Anorexia Nervosa is used as a paradigmatic example, allowing a counterpoint to the current position and discuss the importance of classical conceptions of clinic in approaching these frames. The method for this theoretical essay was based on readings of the history of medicine and psychiatry, which allows us to critically observe the orientation of current medical practice.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anorexia Nervosa , History of Medicine , Clinical Medicine/history , Psychiatry/history
5.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 58(6): 691-697, nov.-dez. 2012. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-659818

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a sobrevida e complicações de pacientes idosos com doenças neurológicas em uso de nutrição enteral (NE). MÉTODOS: Avaliaram-se pacientes acima de 60 anos acompanhados pelo serviço de atenção domiciliar de um plano de saúde de Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil. A avaliação ocorreu no domicílio após a alta hospitalar com NE, após três e seis meses e ao término do estudo. Foram realizadas avaliação nutricional, coleta de dados em prontuários e entrevistas com familiares ou cuidadores. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 79 pacientes, idade 82,9 ± 10,4 anos, 49,4% com demência e 50,6% com outros diagnósticos neurológicos, 100% com elevado grau de dependência avaliada pelo índice de Katz. A maioria dos pacientes (91,2%) apresentou complicações (pneumonia, perda da sonda, diarreia, constipação, vômito, extravasamento periostomia, obstrução da sonda, refluxo e miíase). Pneumonia foi a mais frequente, ocorrendo em 55,9%. A mortalidade foi de 15,2% aos três meses, 22,8% aos 6 meses e 43% ao término do estudo. A mediana de sobrevida após iniciada a NE foi de 364 dias. Não se observaram diferenças entre mortalidade e diagnóstico neurológico, vias de acesso de NE e complicações. A sobrevida foi menor em pacientes com estado nutricional inadequado e albumina < 3,5 mg/dL. CONCLUSÃO: A população acompanhada apresentou elevada taxa de complicações e óbito ao término do estudo. Os diagnósticos de demência, vias de acesso de NE e complicações não influenciaram a sobrevida. Entretanto, estado nutricional inadequado, de acordo com a avaliação clínica, e albumina inferior a 3,5 mg/dL influenciaram significativamente a sobrevida.


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the occurrence of complications, as well as the survival rates, in elderly people having neurological diseases and undergoing enteral nutrition therapy (ENT). METHODS: Patients aged over 60 years, assisted by a home medical service from a healthcare plan in the city of Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, were thoroughly evaluated. The mentioned evaluation occurred at their homes after hospital discharge with enteral nutrition (EN) after a three-month period, a six-month period, and at the end of the study. A nutritional assessment was performed along with data collection performed on the patients' electronic medical records, and interviews performed with patients' family members and caregivers. RESULTS: Seventy-nine patients aged 82.9 ± 10.4 years old were evaluated; of these, 49.4% presented dementia, and 50.6% presented other neurological diagnoses. 100% of patients presented a high dependence level, assessed by the Katz index. The majority of patients (91.2%) presented some complications such as: pneumonia, catheter loss, diarrhea, constipation, vomiting, fluid leakage, periostotomy, tube obstruction, reflux, and myiasis. Pneumonia was the most frequent complication, occurring in 55.9% of cases. The mortality rates were 15.2% at a three-month period, 22.8% at a six-month period, and 43% at the end of study. The median survival after starting EN was 364 days. Differences among the mortality rate and neurological diagnosis, EN routes of access, and complications were not observed. The survival rate was lower in patients having inadequate nutritional status and albumin levels < 3.5 mg/dL. Conclusion: The population followed presented a high rate of complications and death at the end of the study. Diagnosis of dementia, EN routes of access, as well as complications, did not influence the survival rates. However, inadequate nutritional status according to the clinical assessment and albumin levels lower than 3.5 mg/dL significantly influenced the survival rates.


Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Deglutition Disorders/therapy , Enteral Nutrition , Home Care Services , Nervous System Diseases/mortality , Brazil/epidemiology , Dementia/diagnosis , Dementia/mortality , Follow-Up Studies , Nutrition Assessment , Nutritional Status , Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis , Pneumonia/etiology , Survival Rate
6.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 54(1): 55-60, jan.-fev. 2008. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-479812

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: O aumento da população idosa no Brasil justifica a necessidade de avaliar os aspectos que podem interferir na qualidade de vida de aposentados. MÉTODOS: A versão brasileira do questionário SF-36 foi aplicada em 87 aposentados para avaliação da qualidade de vida. Os resultados obtidos foram associados às características demográficas, socioeconômicas, condições de saúde e estilo de vida e foram estudados por meio de análise uni e multivariada. RESULTADOS: A idade média foi de 57,3 anos (desvio-padrão de 8,9 anos) e tempo médio de aposentadoria foi de 7,1 anos. A aposentadoria foi por invalidez em 55,2 por cento da amostra e 23,4 por cento dos aposentados trabalhavam no momento da pesquisa. Os fumantes somaram 11,5 por cento e 5,7 por cento eram dependentes de álcool. A depressão e hipertensão arterial sistêmica foram as doenças mais prevalentes, e 56,3 por cento dos aposentados praticavam algum tipo de atividade física regularmente. Após a análise multivariada, evidenciou-se melhor qualidade de vida apenas nos aposentados que praticavam atividade física regular ou que tinham alguma atividade de trabalho no momento da pesquisa. CONCLUSÃO: O questionário SF-36 foi um instrumento adequado, de aplicação relativamente rápida e de fácil uso para avaliação da qualidade de vida em aposentados. A qualidade de vida na amostra estudada foi associada ao estilo de vida dos pacientes e aponta para a necessidade de ações que contribuam de forma positiva para melhorar o estilo de vida nesta nova fase da vida.


OBJECTIVE: Increase of the elderly in the Brazilian population demands assessment of aspects that interfere with the retirees' quality of life. METHODS: The Brazilian version of SF-36 questionnaire was applied to 87 retirees at their homes. Data on quality of life was associated with demographic data, socioeconomic status, health conditions and life style. Statistical analysis of data was performed using single-variable and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The mean age was 57.3 years (standard deviation 8.9 years) and the mean retirement time was 7.1 years. Fifty-five percent were early retirements due to disability and 23.4 percent of those queried were still working when research was carried out. Smokers were 11.5 percent and 5.7 percent were diagnosed as alcohol dependent by CAGE criteria. Depression and arterial systemic hypertension were the most prevalent conditions and 56.3 percent of the retirees practiced regular physical activity. Multivariate analysis disclosed that regular physical activity and post-retirement occupation were the only variables associated with improved quality of life. CONCLUSION: The SF-36 questionnaire was a suitable instrument, relatively quick and easy to use. The quality of life was associated with life style, as indicated by the practice of physical activities and post-retirement occupation. Actions are needed to enable retirees to improve their life style after retirement.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Quality of Life , Surveys and Questionnaires/standards , Retirement/psychology , Brazil/epidemiology , Depression/epidemiology , Depression/psychology , Epidemiologic Methods , Employment/psychology , Employment/statistics & numerical data , Exercise/psychology , Health Status , Hypertension/epidemiology , Hypertension/psychology , Life Style , Retirement/statistics & numerical data , Socioeconomic Factors , Smoking/epidemiology , Smoking/psychology , Time Factors
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