ABSTRACT
FUSARIUM solani was isolated from soil receiving long term
ABSTRACT
CUNNINGHAMELLA elegans Lender was isolated from agricultural field treated with sewage industrial effluents. It was selected on the basis of its high frequency for the biosorption potential evaluation of cadmium and lead. Alkali pretreated dead biomass was used for biosorption experiments. The effects of biomass concentration, initial metal concentration, pH, contact time, temperature and agitation rate were studied. The maximum uptake capacities of cadmium and lead ions are 59 mg/g and 71 mg/g dry wt biomass at initial concentration of metal ions 300 mg/L and 200 mg/L biomass dosage, respectively. The optimum pH values for cadmium and lead biosorption were 5.0 and 6.0. The best temperature was 25°C for cadmium and lead ions. Maximum uptake for cadmium was achieved after 60 min, while for lead after 30 min. The best agitation rate was 120rpm for both metal ions removal. The technique of scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis [EDAX] shows that cadmium and lead were exchanged with elements present on the surface of native cells of C. elegans Lender thereby suggesting ion exchange as one of the dominant mechanisms of metal hiosorption for this fungal strain. Alkali pretreated biomass was tested to remove cadmium and lead ions from three wastewater samples. Cadmium and lead ions were effectively eluted by 15 mM HNO[3] and 10 mM EDTA, respectively
Subject(s)
Lead , Sorption Detoxification/statistics & numerical data , CunninghamellaABSTRACT
The present study was carried out to determine the effects of chronic tobacco smoking on behaviour, EEG power spectrum, EEG activation ratio and visual evoked potential [VEP] of freely moving rats. Simultaneous EEG records from the 4 electrodes were carried out one week later [as recovery and raining period] by means of differential recording of 12 channel EEG machine [Braintronix]. Sixty seconds EEG free of artifact were recorded after a tobacco smoking period of 15 min [0.01 mg/200 g] via inhalation route. FFT analysis was carried out for each actual trace to obtain power spectrum density for the recorded 60s period. Chronic Tobacco smoking over a period of 30 days of continuously daily single dose [0.01 mg/200 of rat per day] resulted in arousal increments as some behavioural activation [slight locomotor activation, periods of sniffing]. Also, there was less stimulant effects in the right than left hemisphere. Chronic Tobacco smoking over a period of 30 days of continuously daily single dose [0.01 mg/200 g or rat per day] resulted in Arousal increments as some behavioural activation [slight locomotor activation, periods of sniffing]. Also, there was less stimulant effects in the right than left hemisphere. Chronic Tobacco smoking resulted in decreases in percentage of relative power of delta-1, delta-2, theta-1, theta-2 and alpha-1 and increased percentage of relative power of alpha-2, beta-1 and beta-2 of brain waves. Hemispheric asymmetries were also assessed. When VEP analysis was done there were no differences between tobacco exposed and the unexposed condition. Also, there was a frequency shift of about 0.75 Hz in the alpha-1 frequency toward the higher frequency
ABSTRACT
Beta-amylase was prepared in a 33.4% yield from the homogenate of healthy, nongerminated sweet potato tubers. Beta-amylase in the cell-free extract was precipitated by ammonium sulfate fractionation [30-40%], chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and further purified by filtration on Sephadex-G 100. It has a specific activity of 1593.2 U/mg protein. No alpha-amylolytic activity was detected. The enzyme was active with starch, while being inactive towards sucrose, lactose and maltose. The Km value for beta-amylase was 2.63%. Optimal conditions for the action of potato amylase on soluble starch were at pH 5.5 and temperature 35-40C. The activity was completely inactivated by Fe 2+, Mg 2+ but EDTA, Ca 2+, Zn 2+, Cu 2+ and Co 2+ increase the activity of the enzyme by 2.1, 1.85, 1.75, 1.54, 1.51 fold, respectively. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated by gel filtration to be 64,000. The enzyme was relatively heat-stable, heating for 15 minutes at 40C resulted 14% loss of its activity