ABSTRACT
Background: Lactic acid bacteria are the most common class of bacteria used in aquaculture as probiotic
Objectives: In this study the effects of various levels of Lactobacillus casei on the growth performance and digestive enzymes activity of juvenile Shirbot were evaluated. METHODS: Four hundred-eighty juvenile Shirbot weighing 40 g were divided randomly in four treatments [in triplicate]. Treatments of A, B and C were fed with 5x 10[6] CPU g-[1], 5x 10[7] CPU g-[1],5x 10[8] CPU g-[1], respectively for 60 days. Control group was fed with free-probiotic diet. After the period, treatments were fed with free-probiotic diet for 15 days. Growth indices and digestive enzymes were examined on days 0, 30, 60 and 75
Results: In the Treatment B, Specific Growth Ratio, Daily Weight Growth and Relative Growth Rate, after 30 days from the beginning of experiment improved considerably which, compared to control group had significant difference [p<0.05]. Activity of chymotrypsin enzyme in treatment of group B after 30 days and similarly, trypsine in treatment of group C after 30 and 60 days, were increased significantly compared to control group [p<0.05]. In the other points of sampling and enzymes, considerable difference was not seen [p>0.05]
Conclusions: Results showed that 5xl0[7] CFUg[-1] of Lactobacillus casei for 30 days and 5x 10[8] CFUg[-1] for 60 days, are the best doses of probiotic
Subject(s)
Lacticaseibacillus casei/chemistry , Growth , EnzymesABSTRACT
Background: evaluation of herbicide pollution in aquatic environments needs the great concern and the most important echo-pollutant effects of herbicides are related to their effects on non-target aquatic organisms. Native fish can serve as a proper bio-indicator for evaluation of pollution on aquatic ecosystems
Objectives: to find environmentally friendly herbicides, in this study the acute toxicity of five widely used herbicides in Iran as aquatic ecosystems pollutants on Luciobarbus esocinus were investigated
Methods: acute toxicity [96 h LC50] of five herbicides [Paraquat, 2, 4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid, Trifluralin, Glyphosite and Atrazine] were determined via OECD standard method. L.esocinus exposed to Serial concentrations [more than 6 in triplicates] of each herbicide. Mortalities at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after exposure were recorded and the LC50 were calculated using Probit software
Results: results showed that acute toxicity of these herbicides is significantly different in L. esocinus. The 96 h LC50 of Paraquat, 2,4-D, Trifluralin, Glyphosite and Atarzine in L.esocinus were 54.66, 138.8, 1.09, 716.83 and 44.30 mg/l respectively. Glyphosite showed lowest toxicity in Luciobarbus esocinus among the five herbicids. The highest toxicity of herbicides in L. esocinus belongs to Trifluralin. The mortality rate of exposed fish to herbicides enhanced either by increasing herbicides concentration or duration of exposure. Mortality patterns during 96 hours of toxicity evaluation were similar in all five herbicides
Conclusions: regarding the high application and similar efficacy of herbicides in most of the cane farms of Khouzestan province, and based on different toxicities of these five herbicides for fish as a non-targeting organism, Glyphosite is highly recommendable as a proper alternative to Trifluralin, Atrazine, Paraquat and 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid
ABSTRACT
Alkyl hydroperoxide reductase [AhpC] of Helicobacter pylori is considered as a diagnostic antigen. Therefore, this antigen can be used to detect H, pylori infection by stool immunoassays such as ELISA. The aim of this study was to simplify the AhpC protein purification procedures. For whole cell protein extraction, the bacterial cells were ruptured by octly-beta-D glucopyranoside. The isolation and purification of AhpC protein were attempted by various techniques including ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis, preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis [SDS-PAGE] and electroelution. A simple method was used for protein purification AhpC protein. One-dimensional preparative gel electrophoresis allows a single and short purification step; the high resolution capacity of this technique leads to a high level of purity of the protein. Moreover, it avoids contamination by other non-specific proteins which often appear during protein purification by column chromatography. The present method is simple, rapid and makes it possible to preparate AhpC from H. pylori
Subject(s)
Helicobacter Infections/immunology , Helicobacter Infections/diagnosis , PeroxiredoxinsABSTRACT
Helicobacter pylori express abundant amounts of AhpC enzyme that functions to reduce organic hydroperoxides [ROOH] into the corresponding non-toxic alcohols [ROH]. This conserved antigen has been earlier described as specific and unique for H. pylori and therefore, both H. pylori AhpC and Anti-AhpC could be useful in the development of serologic and stool antigen tests, to detecting and monitoring H. pylori infection. AhpC may also serves as a potential target for an antimicrobial agent or for vaccine development. The aim of this study was to simplify isolation and purification of the AhpC and production of a highly specific polyclonal antibody against it. In this paper a simple method was used for protein purification and antibody production which avoids both the long term AhpC protein purification procedure and the addition of Freund's adjuvant. One-dimensional preparative gel electrophoresis allows a single and short purification step and the high resolution capacity of this technique leads to a high level of purity of the protein and consequently to a very high specificity of the antibody. Moreover, it avoids contamination by other non-specific proteins which often appear during protein purification by column chromatographic techniques. The present method is simple, rapid and cost-effective and makes it possible to produce antibody for stool antigen enzyme immunoassay in short time and at low cost