ABSTRACT
Vitamin B12 and folic acid are essential components of DNA synthesis in red cell precursors. Folic acid is directly involved and Vitamin B12 [methyl cobalamine] participates as a cofactor. A deficiency of Vitamin B12 causes the same symptoms as folic acid deficiency. The study was carried out to find the cause of megaloblastic anemia. In this descriptive study, we evaluated clinical and morphological features of 80 consecutive patients with a megaloblastic change in bone marrow from 2008-2010. The study was carried out in the Hematology Laboratory, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore. Eighty patients with a megaloblastic change in bone marrow were studied. There were 32 males [40%] and 48 females [60%]. The most common clinical presentation was pallor and fatigue [67 patients, 84%]. Out of the 80 patients, 50 [62.5%] were deficient in folic acid and 24 patients [30%] were Vitamin B12 deficient. 6 patients [7.5%] were Coomb's positive, indicating Immunemediated Hemolytic Anemia as the cause of megaloblastic anemia. Folic acid deficiency was the most common cause of megaloblastic anemia [62.5%] in the given population. Vitamin B12 deficiency was the next most common cause [30%]. 6 patients [7.5%] had normal levels of Vitamin B12 and Folic acid and were Coomb's positive showing that Immune - mediated hemolytic anemia can also be a cause of megaloblastic change in the bone marrow
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Vitamin B 12 , Folic Acid , Bone MarrowABSTRACT
Background: all cancer involves the production of abnormal cells are capable of irregular and independent growth that invades health body tissues. Metastases are a characteristic feature of all malignant tumors, which spread to distant areas of body via lymphatic system and blood stream
Material and Methods: this cross-sectional study included 50 patients with different Malignancies. The diagnosis of these patients had been established on the basis of Histopathology. These patients were taken from Oncology Department of lnmol Jinnah, Shaikh Zayed and Mayo Hospitals. Lahore. These patients underwent bone scan which was performed with technetium 99m methldipbosphonate. [99.m Tc-:-MDP]. Twenty five patients with positive bone scan findings were taken as group A and the other 25 patients with negative bone scan were marked as group-B. The metastatic involvement of these patients was found by performing bone marrow aspiration and trephine biopsy
Results: in our study, 9 out of 50 cases were positive for bone marrow infiltration. Out of these 5 cases [20%] were positive for bone marrow metastases in positive bone scan patients. Whereas 4 patients [16%] were positive for bone marrow metastases in negative bone scan patients
Conclusion: the study hence reveals that bone scan is a superior method for detection of bone marrow infiltration in patients with · malignant metastatic disease but bone marrow aspiration /trephine biopsy is also mandatory as it picked 4 patients [16%] out of 25 patients with negative bone scan
ABSTRACT
The present study is planned to compare acridine orange [A.O] staining with Giemsa staining by using light microscopy with IF and also with fluorescent microscopy for detection of parasites in peripheral blood of patients suffering from clinically suspected cases of malaria. 200 patients with fever and shivering were included. General investigations like Hb, TLC and platelets were done by sysmex K-1000. Thin and thick blood films were made and stained according to protocol given i.e.by giemsa and AO stains and slides were examined by different microscopes i.e. light microscope, light positive parasitemia and 30 [15%] subjects were negative for malaria parasites. Fib, TLC and platelets were reduced when comparing with MP negative cases. IFS microscope with acridine orange staining showed early detection of malaria parasites by counting fewer fields as compared to light microscopy with Giemsa stains. Time consumed for detection of parasites was also significantly reduced in IFS microscope by using AO stains
Subject(s)
Humans , Microscopy, Fluorescence , Acridine Orange , Azure Stains , Malaria/blood , Malaria/parasitologyABSTRACT
The objective of the study was to compare the concentration of D-dimer in cord blood of neonates born to pre-eclamptic mothers with the cord blood of full term neonates born to healthy mothers. The concentration of D-dimer was assayed by using latex agglutination and semi-quantitative determination of D-dimer in plasma by kit of Stago Diagnostics France. Lady Wallingdon Hospital Lahore. Duration of study: January 2003 to September 2003. The concentration of D-dimer was significantly raised in both pre-term and full term index group as compaxed to the control group However, the concentration of D-dimer was higher in gestational age group 28[th] to 31[st] weeks due to the prematurity. The increased concentration of D-dimer indicates the activation of fibrinolytic system and make it mandatory to observe the neonates up to forty-eight hours so that the hemorrhagic disease of the neonate can be predicted and managed accordingly
Subject(s)
Humans , Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products/blood , Fetal Blood , Infant, Newborn , Mothers , Pregnancy , Latex Fixation TestsABSTRACT
Background: In lymphoma infiltrations there in not only prominence of lymphocytes in the marrow but cells with an atypical morphology are also commonly seen. These lymphoma cells are difficult to differentiate morphologically from those of myeloid series. Cytochemcial staining has been used in diagnosis of acute leukemias for more than 20 years. However, value of Sudan Black-B [SBB] stain in the detection of lymphoma cells has not yet been elucidated. This stain differentiates lymphocytic proliferations from the non-lymphocytic ones
Methods: Eighty cases of lymphoma diagnosed on lymph node biopsy were included in this study. Bone marrow aspiration, clot and trephine biopsy along with complete blood counts were performed in all these cases
Results: Out of 25 case of Hodgkin Disease [HD], 22 cases [88 %] did not show evidence of infiltration when stained with Giemsa and 3 were positive for infiltration [12 %]. 888 showed negatively stained atypical lymphocytes in 5 [20 %] cases whereas 20 [80 %] patients showed no such evidence in their marrow aspirates. The positive yield rose to 6 [24%] patients when their trephine biopsies were stained with H and E stain. Out of 55 case of Non Hodgkin Lymphoma [NHL], 15 [27.3 %] showed infiltration on Giemsa stain, while on 888 stain atypical lymphocytes were noted in 20 [36.4 %] cases. Trephine biopsies of these patients showed infiltrates in 32 [58.2 %] cases
Conclusion: Identification of positive cases becomes easier Sudan Black B Staining. It is as good as trephine biopsy. In cases where trephine biopsy is not possible, staining with 888 can be of additional diagnostic value for assessing extent of infiltration in both HD and NHL
ABSTRACT
Background: Fetomatemal hemorrhage [FMH] can affect fetus in different ways. It can cause fetal distress, fetal death or neonatal anemia. The red cells of Rh-positive fetus may sensitize the Rh-negative mother, hence producing anti-Rhesus antibodies in the mother. Mode of delivery and removal of placenta may affect the extent of fetomatemal hemorrhage
Methods: One hundred and fifty subjects having Cesarean section and 347 subjects have SVD were studied. Similarly 166 subjects having manual removal of placenta and 334 subjects having spontaneous removal of placenta were also evaluated in the study. Blood samples were taken within four hours of delivery from mothers. Kleihauer[2] test was perfumed from samples. Adult blood and cord blood was used to prepare control slides
Results: incidence of FMH was 18.66% in Caesarean section and 14.08% in simple vaginal delivery. In 18.07% and in spontaneous removal of placenta it is 14.07%
Conclusion: Caesarean section and manual removal of placenta increase the incidence of FMH as compared to sample vaginal delivery and spontaneous removal of placenta
ABSTRACT
Background: Folate deficiency is an important cause of megaloblastic anaemia in renal failure. Red cell folate is better indicator of body folate status. This study was carried out to find out the serum and red cell folate levels of diagnosed patient of End Stage Renal Disease [ESRD]
Methods: Sixty subjects were selected. These included 30 normal healthy subjects as control and 30 patients with ESRD. Absolute values and Hb were done by haematology auto analyzer and serum and red cell folate were done by commercially availabIe kits using competitive immunoassay
Results: These were analyzed by using Student's [t] test and level of significance was determined. A significant decrease in serum and red cell folate in end stage renal disease patients as compared to control was observed
Conclusion: Patients of end stage renal disease are deficient in folate levels so they need folate supplement to prevent megaloblastic anemia and minimize the risk of transfusion
ABSTRACT
Ninety subjects were included in the present study and were divided into three groups. Group A included 30 pregnant females with normal pregnancy as control from 20 weeks of gestation onward. Group B included 30 pregnant females with intrauterine fetal death < 20 weeks duration and Group C included 30 pregnant females with IUFD > 2 weeks duration. FDPs and D-dimers were performed by commercially available kits. Results were analysed by using chi-square [x2] test and level of significance was done. FDPs and D-dimers were significantly increased in females of IUFD in groups B and Crecommend it as a curative and palliative procedure for benign and malignant diseases of esophagus
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The present study was carried out to detect the serum anticardiolipin antibodies [ACA] in recurrent abortion. Fifty women with history of recurrent abortions [Group A] were selected with twenty normal women of childbearing age as controls [Group B]. Routine haematological investigations like haemoglobin, TLC and Platelets were done by haematology autoanalyzer. PT, APTT and serum anti-cardiolipin antibodies [IgG and IgM] were done by commercially available kits. Serum anticardiolipin antibodies were raised in patients with recurrent abortion when comparing with controls. PT was prolonged in one patient and APTT was prolonged in four cases
ABSTRACT
Sixty subjects were selected and were divided into two groups. Group A included 30 patients of end stage renal disease on regular dialysis and group B included 30 normal healthy subjects as control. Absolute values and Hb were done by hematology auto analyzer and serum and red cell folate were done by commercially available kits. Results were analyzed by using Student`s `t` test and level of significance was done. A significant decreased in serum and red cell folate in end stage renal disease patients with regular dialysis as compared to control
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A total of 80 full term pregnant women were selected and were divided into two groups on the basis of hemoglobin level. Group A included 40 pregnant women having Hb level more than 11.0 g/dl. Group A, included neonates born to group A mothers. Group B included 40 pregnant women having Hb < 11.0 g/dl and B, included their respective neonates. Serum iron, serum TIBC and serum ferritin were done by commercially available kits. Results obtained were analyzed by using students `t` test and level of significance was done. Serum iron and serum ferritin w as reduced in mothers of group B and their respective neonates while serum TIBC was higher in mothers and neonates of group B
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Seventy Five subjects were selected. Fifty subjects were breast cancer patients and 25 healthy control subjects were included. FDPs and D-dimers were performed by using commercially available kits. Results obtained were analyzed by using chi-square [X2] test and level of significance was done. A significant increase in the levels of FDPs and D-dimers were found in patients with breast cancer
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The silver colloid technique for nucleolar organizer regions [AgNORs] was applied to bone marrow smears in 20 cases of normal morphology marrow. The AgNORs were recorded in the form of 'clusters' and 'dots'. Each developing cell type of myeloid and erythroid series revealed a different pattern of 'clusters' and 'dots'. 'Clusters' associated with proliferation while mature, non-dividing forms contained only 'dots'. 'Clusters' and 'dots' have different biologic significance and the method should be adopted while evaluating marrow smears
ABSTRACT
The platelets of many patients with diabetes mellitus are abnormally sensitive to the effect of aggregatory agents in vitro. It has been proposed that this abnormal platelet function may play a role in pathogenesis of vascular disease in diabetic subjects, The present study reports the platelet aggregation pattern of different diabetic groups. Patients controlled on diet, by insulin and biguanide group of drugs showed increased platelet aggregation to ADP and collagen, while the patients controlled by sulfonylurea showed a normal aggregation. The alterations in platelet function did not correlate with blood glucose level, suggesting, therefore, that it is the effect of drug itself