The Correlation between IL-1β-C31T Gene Polymorphism and Susceptibility to Breast Cancer / 한국유방암학회지

PURPOSE: Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, has been shown to influence breast cancer susceptibility. The relationship between its risk of breast cancer and IL-1β-C31T polymorphism has been demonstrated, but the results remain controversial. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the correlation between the IL-1β-C31T gene polymorphism and susceptibility to breast cancer. METHODS: The genotype frequencies of IL-1β-C31T polymorphism were compared between 204 breast cancer cases and 210 controls using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism techinques. Further multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between IL-1β-C31T polymorphism and breast cancer risk. RESULTS: The frequency of the T allele of IL-1β-C31T polymorphism in breast cancer cases was significantly higher than that in the controls (56.1% vs. 47.9%). The frequencies of genotypes CC, CT, and TT in the cases were 22.1%, 43.6%, and 34.3%, respectively, while in the control group they were 24.3%, 55.7%, and 20.0%, respectively. There was a significant difference between the prevalence of TT genotype in the 2 groups (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 2.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16–3.66; p  =  0.014). Breast cancer risk increased in women with TT genotype, body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 (OR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.09–4.36), late age at first birth (OR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.29–4.56), postmenopausal status (OR, 3.15; 95% CI, 1.39–7.16), and negative smoking history (OR, 2.52; 95% CI, 1.32–4.82). Furthermore, increase in breast cancer risk among women diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma was associated with CT/TT genotypes (OR, 2.82; 95% CI, 1.38–5.76). CONCLUSION: The IL-1β-C31T polymorphism affects breast cancer susceptibility, especially in women with late age at first birth, high BMI, postmenopausal status, negative smoking history, and invasive ductal carcinoma. Our study adds to the evidence about the importance of IL-1β-C31T polymorphism in breast cancer susceptibility.

Evaluating the effect of infliximab on the healing of left colonic anastomosis in the presence of intra-abdominal sepsis

Background and study aims: infliximab [IFX] is a chimeric anti-TNF-alpha body which is effectively used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases and a variety of autoimmune diseases. The effect of IFX on the healing of intestinal anastomosis has been evaluated studies, however with conflicting results. Furthermore, the effect of IFX on colonic anastomosjs in sepsis has not been evaluated to date. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether IFX has an adverse effect on the healing process of colonic anastomosis either under normal or septic condition

Material and method: the efficiency of IFX was assessed with respect to anastomotic bursting pressure [ABP], tissue hydroxyproline levels [THL] and histopathological examination of left colonic anastomosis in 40 male rats. The rats were randomly allocated into four groups of 10 rats each as control [C], septic control [SC], control IFX[C-IFX] and septic IFX [S-IFX]

Results: the anastomotic bursting pressure was measured at 182 +/- 19.1, 158 +/- 15.4, 161 +/- 26.8 and 100 +/- 10.3 mm/Hg, in C, SC, C-IFX and S-IFX; respectively. IFX administration did not influence the anastomotic strength under normal condition whereas in sepsis significantly induced the reduction of APB. The mean THL was almost similar in both control groups [p = 0.87], whilst IFX reduced the level of TH in sepsis comparing with control groups [p=0.01]. IFX significantly impaired immune response in sepsis resulting in poor anastomotic healing in S-IFX group

Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that IFX had no detrimental effect on the healing of colonic anastomosis under normal condition whilst significantly impaired the healing process in sepsis

Drainage after total thyroidectomy or lobectomy for benign thyroidal disorders / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This prospective randomized clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the necessity of drainage after total thyroidectomy or lobectomy for benign thyroidal disorders.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 116 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy or lobectomy for benign thyroidal disorders were randomly allocated to be drained or not. Operative and postoperative outcomes including operating time, postoperative pain assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS), total amount of intramuscular analgesic administration, hospital stay, complications, necessity for re-operation and satisfaction of patients were all assessed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean operating time was similar between two groups (the drained and non-drained groups). The mean VAS score was found to be significantly low in the non-drained group patients in postoperative day (POD) 0 and POD 1. The mean amount of intramuscular analgesic requirement was significantly less in the non-drained group. One case of hematoma, two cases of seroma and three cases of transient hypoparathyroidism occurred in the non-drained group, whereas one case of hematoma, two cases of seroma, two cases of wound infections and two cases of transient hypoparathyroidism occurred in the drained group. No patient needed re-operation for any complication. The mean hospital stay was significantly shorter and the satisfaction of patients was superior in the non-drained group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These findings suggest that postoperative complications cannot be prevented by using drains after total thyroidectomy or lobectomy for benign thyroid disorders. Furthermore, the use of drains may increase postoperative pain and the analgesic requirement, and prolong the hospital stay. In the light of these findings, the routine use of drains might not be necessary after thyroid surgery for benign disorders.</p>

Total thyroidectomy is safer with identification of recurrent laryngeal nerve / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) identification on the complications after total thyroidectomy and lobectomy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Total 134 consecutive patients undergoing total thyroidectomy or thyroid lobectomy from January 2003 to November 2004 were investigated retrospectively. Patients were divided into two groups: RLN identified (Group A) or not (Group B). The two groups were compared for RLN injury and hypocalcaemia.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The numbers of patients and nerves at risk were 71 and 129 in Group A, and 63 and 121 in Group B, respectively. RLN injury in Group A (0) was significantly lower than that in Group B (5 [7.9%]) patients, 7 [5.8%] nerves) for the numbers of patients (P=0.016) and nerves at risk (P=0.006). Temporary hypocalcaemia was significantly higher in Group A than in Group B (14 [24.1%] vs 6 [10.3%], P=0.049). Permanent complications in Group B were significantly higher than those in Group A (13 [20.6%] vs 4 [5.6%], P=0.009).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>RLN injury was prevented and permanent complications were decreased by identifying the whole course and branches of the recurrent laryngeal nerve during total thyroidectomy.</p>