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Objective:To explore the application of "upgraded single-entry colonoscope training method" in the primary endoscopic training of refresher doctors.Methods:A total of 71 refresher doctors who participated in the primary single endoscopy training in the Endoscopy Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January 2017 to December 2019 were randomized to two groups: upgraded single-entry endoscopy training group ( n=36) and traditional single-entry endoscopy training group ( n=35). In the first week of training, all the participants learned the basic theory of single-entry enteroscopy insertion. From week 2 to week 11, each doctors of the two groups finally completed 80 to 100 cases of single-entry endoscopy. The upgraded single-entry colonoscopy training group was divided into two stages: "rectum-proximal sigmoid colon" and "descending colon-ileocecal part" with the boundary of descending-sigmoid colon as the dividing point, which was different from the traditional group. At the 12th week, each doctors were assessed by 20 cases of single-entry colonoscopy operation. the success rate of ileocecum insertion, the time to pass through sigmoid colon, the rate of loop formation and the average operation time of successful ileocecum insertion were compared between the two groups. SPSS 26.0 was used for t test or chi-square test. Results:Compared with the traditional single-entry endoscopy training group, the upgraded single-entry endoscopy training group achieved better results in the successful rate of ileocecal insertion (66.8% vs. 59.0%, P=0.005), the time to pass sigmoid colon [(6.05±3.32) min vs. (7.15±3.12) min, P<0.001], the loop rate (35.13% vs. 40.71%, P=0.035), the average operation time of successfully inserting the ileocecal part [(9.01±2.12) min vs. (10.25±3.12) min, P<0.001] and the discomfort response score [(5.19±1.41) vs. (6.70±2.15), P<0.001], with statistical significance between the groups. Conclusion:"Upgraded single-entry endoscopy training method" emphasizes no loop through sigmoid colon, which is more helpful for refresher doctors to master the operation skills of single-entry colonoscopy, shorten the teaching time, and reduce the discomfort of patients, and is suitable for popularization in the teaching.
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Objective:To evaluate the feasibility of expanded indication for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in undifferentiated early gastric cancer, to investigate the risk factors of lymph node metastasis (LNM), so as to provide the theoretical evidence for the choice of treatment.Methods:From June 2007 to December 2018, at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, the clinical and pathological data of 807 patients with undifferentiated early gastric cancer and undergoing gastrectomy plus lymphadenectomy were retrospectively analyzed. Chi-square test was performed to analyze the correlation between clinicopathologic characteristics of early gastric cancer and LNM. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the independent risk factor of LNM.Results:LNM was found in 17.2% (139/807) patients with undifferentiated early gastric cancer. And no LNM was detected in 110 patients who met the expanded indication of ESD. The results of univariate analysis indicated that LNM was significantly associated with increased carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), tumour size, gross type, ulcer, invasion depth, lymphovascular invasion and perineural invasion ( χ2=4.500, 13.332, 16.611, 6.083, 51.064, 0.564 and 17.006, all P<0.05). The results of multivariate analysis demonstrated that the maximum diameter of tumor over 20 mm (odds ratio ( OR)=1.606, 95% confidence interval ( CI) 1.021 to 2.526, P=0.040), lymphovascular invasion ( OR=16.835, 95% CI 10.510 to 26.966, P<0.01), the depth of submucosal superficial invasion (≤500 μm ; OR=1.962, 95% CI 1.022 to 3.765, P=0.043) and the depth of submucosal deep invasion (>500 μm ; OR=3.014, 95% CI 1.753 to 5.181, P<0.01) were independent risk factors of LNM in early gastric cancer. Conclusions:The expanded ESD indication of undifferentiated early gastric cancer is applicable for endoscopic treatment considering the low risk of LNM. In early undifferentiated gastric cancer, maximum diameter of tumor over 20 mm, lymphovascular invasion, submucosal superficial and deep invasion are the independent risk factors of LNM.
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Objective@#To evaluate the feasibility of expanded indication for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in undifferentiated early gastric cancer, to investigate the risk factors of lymph node metastasis (LNM), so as to provide the theoretical evidence for the choice of treatment.@*Methods@#From June 2007 to December 2018, at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, the clinical and pathological data of 807 patients with undifferentiated early gastric cancer and undergoing gastrectomy plus lymphadenectomy were retrospectively analyzed. Chi-square test was performed to analyze the correlation between clinicopathologic characteristics of early gastric cancer and LNM. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the independent risk factor of LNM.@*Results@#LNM was found in 17.2% (139/807) patients with undifferentiated early gastric cancer. And no LNM was detected in 110 patients who met the expanded indication of ESD. The results of univariate analysis indicated that LNM was significantly associated with increased carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), tumour size, gross type, ulcer, invasion depth, lymphovascular invasion and perineural invasion (χ2=4.500, 13.332, 16.611, 6.083, 51.064, 0.564 and 17.006, all P<0.05). The results of multivariate analysis demonstrated that the maximum diameter of tumor over 20 mm (odds ratio (OR)=1.606, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.021 to 2.526, P=0.040), lymphovascular invasion (OR=16.835, 95%CI 10.510 to 26.966, P<0.01), the depth of submucosal superficial invasion (≤500 μm ; OR=1.962, 95%CI 1.022 to 3.765, P=0.043) and the depth of submucosal deep invasion (>500 μm ; OR=3.014, 95%CI 1.753 to 5.181, P<0.01) were independent risk factors of LNM in early gastric cancer.@*Conclusions@#The expanded ESD indication of undifferentiated early gastric cancer is applicable for endoscopic treatment considering the low risk of LNM. In early undifferentiated gastric cancer, maximum diameter of tumor over 20 mm, lymphovascular invasion, submucosal superficial and deep invasion are the independent risk factors of LNM.
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Farmer's lung disease(FLD) is a common form of occupational hypersensitivity pneumonitis(HP)(also termed “greenhouse lung”). FLD often occurs in greenhouse farmers due to the long-term exposure to high temperatures, humidity, poor air ventilation and high intensity of microorganism in soils in the closed environment of greenhouses. Greenhouse lung has a high disability rate and poor prognosis if not diagnosed or treated in time, which is a heavy burden to the society. Therefore, it is imperative to pay attention to early identification and epidemiological monitoring, and to evaluate the disease burden, which is of great significance to formulating public health measures to prevent the disease.
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Hypersensitivity pneumonitis(HP) is an interstitial lung disease(ILD) that is characterized by a complex immunological response within the lung parenchyma to inhalation of an antigen that the individual is sensitized toward. Diagnosis of HP can be challenging and requires the consideration of a detailed history(emphasizing potential antigen exposures), high resolution computed tomography(HRCT) findings, and laboratory and pathological examination. Despite increasing recognition, there is a lack of consensus regarding the definition and diagnostic criteria for HP. This article summarizes the recent developments in diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
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Objective To construct the pEGFP-C1-CXCL1 eukaryotic expression vector and to investigate the effect of CXCL1 on the proliferation of HepG2 cells under endoplasmic reticulum stress ( ERS).Methods Fragments of CXCL1 were obtained from the cDNA library of HepG2 cells before CXCL1 was cloned into a pEGFP-C1 vector for a recombinant plasmid pEGFP-C1-CXCL1 which was screened and identified by PCR and sequence alignment .Then,the recombinant plas-mid of pEGFP-C1-CXCL1 was transfected into human 293 T cell line and the expression of CXCL 1 was detected by fluores-cence microscopy and Western blotting.pEGFP-C1-CXCL1was furhter transfected into HepG2 cells, and CCK8 was used to detect the inhibitory effect of CXCL1 on tumor proliferation induced by TM in hepatocellular carcinoma .Results pEGFP-C1-CXCL1 was vertified by sequencing analysis .Fluorescence microscopy showed that pEGFP-C1-CXCL1 was transfected into 293T.CXCL1 expression was detected by Western blotting .CCK8 showed that TM inhibited tumor proliferation , while overexpression of CXCL1 decreased the inhabitory rate on cell proliferation of HepG 2 cells under ER stress compared to pEGFP-C1 group and the control group .Conclusion A recombinant pEGFP-C1-CXCL1 plasmid is successfully constructed that can be expressed stably in human 293T cells.Overexpression of CXCL1 can effectively reduce the inhabitory rate of HCC cells induced by the ER stress.
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Objective To investigate the iodine nutritional level of 5 special groups (newly married women,pregnant women, lactating women, babies and infants, and students) in Ningxia, and to provide the basis for formulating prevention and control strategies. Methods Clustering and random sampling method were used. In 2008 and 2009, in the 22 counties investigated, in every county with 9 townships or more, nine townships were randomly selected according to their sub-area positions of east, west, south, north and center; four villages were randomly selected in each chosen township, four people with special needs and 2 infants were randomly selected for urine samples collection in each chosen village. In every county with 9 or less townships, one township was randomly selected respectively in east, west, south, north and center sub-areas; four villages were randomly sampled in each chosen township, eight people with special needs and 3 infants' urine samples were randomly collected in each chosen village. In the 22 counties, one township was randomly selected respectively in east, west,south, north and center sub-areas, one village elementary school was randomly sampled in each chosen township,twenty students aged 8 - 10 were randomly selected to collect their urine samples in each school. The iodine concentration was determined by arsenic-cerium contact method. Results A total of 6894 copied of urine samples from newly married women, pregnant women, lactating women, babies and infants, and students were examined, the urinary iodine medians were 209.3, 187.4, 184.0, 216.5, 216.3 μg/L, respectively. From low to high in the order was lactating women, pregnant women, newly married women, students, babies and infants. The level of urinary iodine of babies and infants, pregnant women and lactating women were appropriate, the one of newly married women and students were higher than appropriate. The proportion of less than 100 μg/L of urinary iodine of the 5 kinds special groups were 11.1% (53/475), 35.4% (308/871), 35.4% (659/1863), 19.1% (283/1483), 8.4%(185/2202), respectively, while the urinary iodine of the pregnant women and lactating women were relatively high. The urinary iodine medians of the 5 special groups were also very different among counties. Conclusions The urinary iodine of the 5 special groups in Ningxia presents obvious differences between populations and regions.Current iodized salt is sufficient to ensure iodine nutrition needs for the 5 special groups. But married women and students have higher levels of iodine nutrition, indicating that the salt iodine concentration of Ningxia residents have cut space, full consideration of the 5 special groups and regional differences should be taken.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the therapeutic effect of sequential intratumoral injection of xenogeneic antigens in immunized tumor-bearing mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sequential intratumoral injection of the xenoantigens was performed in immunized mice bearing S180 tumor. The tumor size changes were observed, and the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) including CD3+CD4+T, CD3+CD8+T, and CD3+CD4+CD25+T lymphocytes were counted with flow cytometry. The concentrations of IL-2 and TNF-alpha in the tumor was measured using ELISA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No significant difference was found in the number of CD3+T lymphocytes in the TILs between different groups. After the immunotherapy, the percentages of CD3+CD4+T, CD3+CD8+T and CD3+CD4+CD25+T lymphocytes were 54%, 22% and 2.91%, respectively, with the CD4+/CD8+ ratio of 2.49, significantly different from that in the control group (P<0.05). The concentrations of IL-2 and TNF-alpha were 100.61 pg/ml and 54.114 pg/ml, respectively, significantly different from those in the control group (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Sequential intratumoral injection of heteragenetic antigena can significantly increase the amount of effector cells and cytokines in the micro-environment of the tumor, and decrease the expression of T regulatory.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Mice , Antigens, Heterophile , Allergy and Immunology , CD4-CD8 Ratio , Immunotherapy , Methods , Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating , Cell Biology , Random Allocation , Sarcoma 180 , Allergy and Immunology , Therapeutics , Streptococcus , Allergy and ImmunologyABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS) in Qingdao. Methods Two hundred and four PI-IBS and 2068 non-PI-IBS patients were investigated with questionnaire including general information, symptoms and quality of life scores with microecological study before and after therapy. Results (1) The morbidity rate of PI-IBS in female was 2. times of that in male, which was similar to that in non-PI-IBS. (2) Brainwork labors dominated in both PI-IBS and non-Pl-lBS patients. (3) As to the simultaneous presence of extra-gastrointestinal symptoms,there was no statistical difference between the rate of physical symptoms in PI-IBS and non-PI-IBS patients (X<'2>= 10. 5, P>0.05) ,but the rate of mental symptoms was higher in PI-IBS than in non-PI-IBS patients, and the difference was significant(X<'2>= 28.7, P<0.05). (4)The alteration of intestinal microflora rate in PI-IBS was obviously higher than that in non-PI-IBS patients. (5) The quality of life scores in PI-IBS was improved after treatment with Birid Triple Viable , and there was significant difference(t =3. 8, P<0.01),but there was no statistical difference in non-Pl-IBS (t = 1.5, P>0.05). Conclusion There was some difference in certain clinical characteristics between PI-IBS and non-PI-IBS patients in Qingdao.