ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The treatment and prognosis of traumatic brain injury are difficult points in clinical work at present. More and more studies have shown that exosomes derived from stem cells show unique advantages in traumatic brain injury, which may have greater neurotherapeutic potential in the treatment of traumatic brain injury, and may essentially restore neurovascular function and promote neuronal regeneration, thereby providing new ideas for the treatment of traumatic brain injury. OBJECTIVE: To review the application and advantages of exosomes derived from stem cells in traumatic brain injury. METHODS: A computer-based search was performed in the PubMed and CNKI databases for articles addressing exosomes. The keywords were “Traumatic brain injury, Exosomes, Stem cells” in English and Chinese, respectively. Finally, 53 articles were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) A large number of traumatic brain injury animal experiments proved that nerve cells and stem cells can secrete exosomes. (2) Exosomes derived from nerve cells and stem cells play a positive role in the treatment of traumatic brain injury, but the exosomes derived from stem cells are more effective in nerve, vascular regeneration and neurofunctional recovery. (3) The exosomes derived from stem cells may open up a new approach to traumatic brain injury.
ABSTRACT
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is considered to be a pulmonary manifestation of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), often occurring as a complication of disease, and worsening the prognosis of patients. In recent years, the incidence of trauma has increased year by year. Severe trauma can lead to SIRS, which is one of the common risk factors of ARDS. The spleen is the largest peripheral immune organ of the body, containing a large number of immune cells and secreting inflammatory factors. The inflammatory factors play an important role in the formation of traumatic ARDS. In recent years, the benefits of treating ARDS by inhibiting spleen-induced inflammatory response have gradually been discovered, providing new ideas for the treatment of ARDS. Therefore, the research status of spleen-mediated inflammatory response in traumatic ARDS is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of traumatic ARDS. This article reports the spleen-mediated systemic inflammatory response, the role of inflammatory mediators in the development of ARDS, and the current state of research on ARDS treatment to explore new approaches to the prevention and treatment of traumatic ARDS.