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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the value of (1)H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) in evaluating cerebral vasospasm resulting from subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Six dogs were subjected to autologous non-heparinized blood injection via cisternal puncture twice at one-day interval to establish models of SAH, and another 6 received injections with normal saline in an identical manner. (1)H-MRS scan was performed on the 3rd, 7th and 14th days after the injections to measure the changes of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), creatine (Cr) and choline (Cho). After the (1)H-MRS scan, all the dogs underwent brain digital subtraction angiography (DSA) for determining the basilar artery diameter.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>DSA results on day 3 presented development of obvious vasospasm of the basilar artery, which was most evident on day 7 and recovered obviously on day 14. (1)H-MRS results demonstrated obvious changes of NAA, Cho and Cr on days 3 and 7 in SAH model group, and NAA declined to the lowest level on day 3 followed by gradual ascending till reaching the normal level on day 14. Cho decreased slightly on day 3, then increased and reached the peak level on day 7 and then decreased. Cr rose steadily from day 3 to 14, but since day 7, the rise slowed down obviously and Cr maintain a level not significantly different from that on day 14 (P>0.05). The functional results of (1)H-MRS were consistent with the DSA results.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>(1)H-MRS can be used to monitor the development of cerebral vasospasm resulting from SAH as a good evaluation method for functional imaging.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Female , Male , Aspartic Acid , Metabolism , Choline , Metabolism , Creatine , Metabolism , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Methods , Protons , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage , Time Factors , Vasospasm, Intracranial , Diagnosis , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the expression of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1) and its type I receptors activin-like kinase 1 (ALK1) and ALK5 mRNA in the development of brain arteriovenous malformation (BAVM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The mRNA expressions of TGFbeta1, ALK1and ALK5 were detected with semiquantitative RT-PCR in patients with BAVM.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expressions of TGFbeta1 and ALK5 mRNA increased significantly in BAVM, and their relative expression quantity were 0.777-/+0.047 and 0.585-/+0.074, respectively. However, ALK1 mRNA expression declined significantlies with a relative expression of 0.173-/+0.044 in comparison with the control group (0.720-/+0.098, P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The balance of TGFbeta1 and its type I receptors ALK1 and ALK5 mRNA expressions may play important role in the development of BAVM.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Activin Receptors, Type II , Genetics , Brain , Metabolism , Pathology , Gene Expression , Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations , Genetics , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases , Genetics , RNA, Messenger , Genetics , Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta , Genetics , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Transforming Growth Factor beta1 , GeneticsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To illustrate the morphological characteristics of atherosclerotic lesions of the internal carotid artery.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The morphological characteristics of cervicocerebral atherosclerotic lesions in digital subtracted angiography were retrospectively reviewed in 120 cases.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Totally 217 atherosclerotic lesions were detected. Of all the lesions, moderately and severely stenosed lesions accounted for 62.21% and mild stenosed lesions for 37.79%; long lesions were found in 18.89% and short ones in 81.11%; 37.33% of the lesions were ulcerated while 62.67% were non-ulcerated; 13.36% were angulated lesions and 86.64% non-angulated; 50.23% were eccentric lesions and 49.77% were concentric; lesions with adjacent artery dilation were found in 9.22%, and lesions without with adjacent artery dilation in 90.78%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The atherosclerotic lesions are characterized by moderate to severe stenosis and non-ulcerated, non-angulated, eccentric lesions without adjacent artery dilation.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Angiography, Digital Subtraction , Methods , Atherosclerosis , Diagnostic Imaging , Pathology , Carotid Artery, Internal , Diagnostic Imaging , Pathology , Carotid Stenosis , Diagnostic Imaging , Pathology , China , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the mechanism of Ca(2+) on the apoptosis induced by hyperthermia in neonate rat hippocampal neurons to provide the applicative evidence of dantrolene for preventing brain injuries.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Dantrolene, Ca(2+) specific blocking agent, was used in the hyperthermia-induced apoptosis of primary hippocampal neurons in vitro to observe its effect on the apoptosis, fluorescent intensity, and dynamic change of Ca(2+) by flowcytometry and laser confocal microscopy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The rate of apoptosis was decreased significantly after hyperthermia treatment by dantrolene sodium. The intracellular Ca(2+) fluorescent intensity in 42 degrees C treatment group (107.35 +/- 6.0) was significantly lower than that in control group (159.12 +/- 33.8). The concentration of Ca(2+) began to decrease 20 approximately 25 s after adding dantrolene sodium, and reached the lowest level about 50 s later, and then kept lower than the basal level.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Dantrolene sodium has an important protective effect on hippocampal neurons apoptosis induced by hyperthermia and may have some applicative value of preventing heat-induced brain injury.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Rats , Animals, Newborn , Apoptosis , Calcium , Metabolism , Calcium Channel Blockers , Pharmacology , Cells, Cultured , Dantrolene , Pharmacology , Hippocampus , Cell Biology , Neurons , Metabolism , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , TemperatureABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the causes,consequences and management of injuries to the draining veins after embolization of brain arteriovenous malformations(BAVMs)with ?-n-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA).Methods The angiographic imaging data of 189 BAVMs patients who underwent NBCA embolization were studied retrospectively.The status of the draining veins before and after NBCA embolization was observed and compared.The intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH)complications and their relation to their angiographic features were analyzed.Results Twenty-three patients out of 189 patients showed injuries to the draining venous system,including 10 low-grade injury,6 moderate injury,and 7 high- grade injury.Six patients suffered from ICH after embolization,of whom 4 patients were due to injuries of the draining veins(2 moderate and 2 high-grade).In the 3 months follow-up evaluation of 4 patients with ICH, one died,one was in vegetative state,and the other two patients suffered from residual severe or minor (1 patient for each)permanent neurological deficits.Conclusion Our findings suggest that injury of the draining veins is the major cause of ICH and may lead to serious consequences after embolization of BAVMs with NBCA.
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Objective To analyze the risk of embolization of brain AVMs,study the angioarchitectural factors affecting the difference of embolization level,and to establish the angioarchitecture grading system for embolization of brain AVMs.Methods The clinical data,angioarchitectural features, embolism complication and embolism level were retrospectively analyzed.Multivariate statistical analysis was performed to determine if any of the variables was predictive of a poor outcome of embolization(death or permanent neurological deficit),and if any of the variables was predictive of the percentage obliteration achieved by embolization.Based on the above results,we established the angioarchitecture grading system.Results Endovascular procedures for embolization were performed 324 times in 189 patients during an 11-year period.Embolization was performed using N-butyl cyanoacrylate.In those patients,3(1.6%) died and 5(2.6%)had a permanent neurological deficit as a result of the embolization.The AVMs were given a score from 0 to 5 based on the size,number of the first grade feeding artery,and number of the second grade feeding artery.The assigned scores were as follows:nidus size(AVF=0,
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Objective To evaluate the treatment of aneurysms rupture during endovascular embolization.Methods Nine aneurysms ruptured during the embolization and were treated with endovascular embolization.The reasons of aneurysms rupture during embolization,the prevention and the first aid after aneurysms rupture were analysed.Results Seven patients recovered and 2 died.Conclusions The optimal treatment of aneurysms rupture during endovascular embolization is effective,(J Intervent Radiol,2007,16: 132-134)