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Objective:To explore the significance of proactive healthy living index(PHLI)to provide a reference for the elderly to maintain function through healthy daily life.Methods:The functional status of the elderly was defined based on gait speed and cognitive function.Logistic regression model was used to select the daily life indicators which could be the risk factors for the functional status, and a nomogram was graphed for its visualization.PHLI was formed according to the result of the nomogram.Receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)was plotted according to the functional status of the elderly, and the cut-off value of PHLI was determined based on the principle of the maximum sum of sensitivity and specificity.Results:A total of 4 971 participants with an average age of (70.9±7.5)years were included in the cross-sectional study, of whom 2 649 cases(53.3%)maintained normal function.The Logistic regression analysis showed that the housework had the most significant effect on the functional status of the elderly, followed by positive psychology( OR=2.04, 1.92; both P<0.001), increasing the likelihood of maintaining normal function by 104% and 92%, respectively.Regular life patterns, adequate protein intake, sleep quality and so on also influenced functional status of the elderly(all P<0.05). The PHLI median score of the elderly was 7.3(5.9, 8.3)points.The area under the curve(AUC)was 0.70(95% CI: 0.68-0.71), and the cut off value of PHLI was 6.8 points. Conclusions:The PHLI is associated with the maintenance of functional capacity in the elderly, which can be applied as a simple tool to provide reference for old people to keep functional health through living a proactive healthy daily life.
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This article reviews the health-related home safety assessment methods for the elderly, and briefly introduces the development process of the "Person-environment fit" model from the concept, to the risk assessment method of environmental factors and then to the interactive risk assessment method of human-environment factors.Especially, this article introduces several risk assessment methods of residential environment, such as "The Enabler" human function and environmental obstacle assessment tool, the Safety Assessment of Function and the Environment for Rehabilitation(SAFER), the Safety Assessment of Function and the Environment for Rehabilitation-Health Outcome Measurement and Evaluation(SAFER-HOME), the Westmead Home Safety Assessment(WeHSA), the Home Falls and Accident Screening Tool(HOME FAST), the Cougar Home Safety Assessment(CHSA), the in-Home Occupational Performance Evaluation(I-HOPE), the In-Home Occupational Performance Evaluation for Providing Assistance(I-HOPE Assist), the In-Home Medication Management Performance Evaluation(HOME-Rx).
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Objective:To explore the relationship between doing housework and gait speed(GS)in order to identify ways to maintain physical capability in elderly people.Methods:A nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted from Jan.2011 to Dec.2011.Subjects in this survey, with a sample of 2 519 males and 2 541 females aged ≥60 years, came from six regions across the country and satisfactorily completed a GS test.A GS in the lower 20% of the reference population(<0.7 m/s)was used as the cut-off point to define slow GS(SGS). Housework was defined as activities such as house cleaning, shopping, cooking and taking care of grandchildren and a response of"often"(≥5 d/week)was considered as doing housework.Propensity Score Matching(PSM)was performed to select comparable sub-groups of the study population to evaluate the association between housework and GS.Results:There were 3 290 subjects(1 645 pairs)selected by PSM.Logistic regression analysis showed that doing housework was inversely associated with SGS, and housework activities reduced the risk of SGS by 60%( OR=0.40, 95% CI: 0.35-0.46, P<0.01). Conclusions:Elderly people who conduct housework often are more likely to maintain GS and therefore should be encouraged to engage in daily activities to help maintain adequate physical performance.
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Objective@#To investigate the expression of fragile-site associated tumor suppressor (FATS) in non-small cell lung cancer and its relationship with clinicopathological features and prognosis.@*Methods@#A total of 140 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases and 30 adjacent normal tissues were used to detect the expression level of FATS protein, and to analyze the relationship of FATS protein expression and clinicopathological features and prognosis of NSCLC.@*Results@#Western blot showed that the expression of FATS in adjacent normal tissues was significantly higher than that in non-small cell lung cancer tissues. The results of immunohistochemistry showed that the high expression rate of FATS in 140 cases of NSCLC was 40.0%, and the high expression rate of FATS in 30 cases of adjacent tissues was 73.3%. The difference was statistically significant (P=0.01). Further analysis showed that the TNM stage (P=0.044) and lymph node metastasis (P=0.022) were significant difference between FATS high expression group and low expression group. The 6-year overall survival (OS) rates of NSCLC patients with FATS high-expression and low-expression were 57.1% and 23.8%, respectively, and the 6-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 53.6% and 21.4%, respectively, with statistically significant differences (P=0.001). In Cox multivariate analysis, we found gender (HR=1.658, P=0.028; HR=1.684, P=0.023), TNM staging (HR=2.327, P=0.019; HR=2.332, P=0.013) and FATS expression (HR=0.532, P=0.010; HR=0.538, P=0.009) were independent prognostic factors for both OS and DFS of NSCLC patients.@*Conclusions@#The expression of FATS protein is associated with the development and is an independent prognostic factor of NSCLC patients. The detection of FATS protein is expected to be a new biomarker for evaluating the prognosis of NSCLC patients.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between frailty and serum biomarkers in the elderly. Methods A total of 371 elderly individuals aged 60 years and above with complete medical data were recruited during health examinations. Frailty phenotype assessment and comprehensive geriatric assessment were conducted.Serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6 ) ,high sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP) ,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) ,homocysteine(Hcy) ,insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1) ,25-hydroxyvitamin D[25(OH)D] ,folic acid and vitamin B12(VitB12) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays ( ELISA ) and chemiluminescence immunoassays. Associations between frailty and the above factors were analyzed. Results Serum levels of IL-6 ,TNF-α ,Hcy and IGF-1 were significantly elevated along with progressive increase in frailty severity(all P＜0.05).There were a downward trend in serum 25(OH)D levels and an upward trend in serum hs-CRP ,folic acid and VitB12 levels as frailty severity increased ,but the changes did not amount to any statistical significance(all P＞0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that ,after adjusting for age ,gender ,body mass index (BMI)and some clinical aspects (hearing loss ,urinary incontinence ,pain ,malnutrition ,cognitive dysfunction ,decreased activities of daily living ,depression , insomnia ,and anemia) ,serum levels of IL-6(OR=1.012 ,95% CI=1.005-2.041 ,P=0.033) ,IGF-1 (OR= 1.017 ,95% CI = 1.011-1.118 ,P= 0.021)and Hcy (OR= 1.007 ,95% CI :1.002-1.073 ,P=0.047)were significantly associated with frailty status. Conclusions Serum levels of IL-6 ,Hcy and IGF-1 are related to frailty status and may be used as potential biomarkers for the assessment of frailty in older adults.
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Objective To evaluate the clinical significance and choicing antibiotics of serum procalcitonin (PCT) in acute fe-ver.Methods To make a retrospective analysis of 170 cases of febriledisease from January 2013 to January 2014.According to clini-cal causes of fever, the cases were divided between infectious fever group and non -infected group.The infectious group was divided by bacterial(A group) and viral infectious(B) groups.The bacterial group(A group) was divided by bloodstream infectious (A1) and fo-cal infectious(A2) groups.Tests of blood routine and CRP and PCT before or used antibiotics were analyzed and compared between the different groups.Results The PCT serum concentration of bacterial infectious gloup was higher than the viral infectious group and non-infected group( P 0.05). In bacterial infectious gloup, the area under ROC of PCT was 0.950 and CRP was 0.943, if PCT≥ 0.25ng/ml was regard as the cut-ff value, the sensitivity was 91.6% and the specificity was 93.3% ; if PCT≥ 0.5ng/ml was regard as the cut-ff value, the sensitivity was 95.2% and the specificity was 77.6%.Conclusions PCT tests are helpful to identify bacterial infection in patients with infec -tious fever .The more serious the higher PCT level , the earlier using antibiotics ,it is the most in bloodstream infection.There is an important significance for choicing antibiotics by the guidance of PCT ≥ 0.25ng/ml.
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Objective To explore the direct association between metabolic syndrome (MS) and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in Beijing men and women.Methods We investigated the medical check-up data from the 14,204 physical examination population (male 9524,female 4680) of year 2008.A cross-sectional study was carried out to explore the direct association between MS and GGT or ALT.MS was defined by the Chinese Diabetes Society (2004).Chisquare test was performed to analyze the categorical variables.The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was plotted to obtain area under curve (AUC) and the cutoff point of GGT and ALT.Results The prevalence of MS was significantly higher in subjects with the highest quartile of GGT or ALT than the subjects with the lowest quartile of GGT or ALT.For male,the prevalence of MS is 7.57％ in the lowest GGT quartile and 29.04％ in the highest GGT quartile.For female,the prevalence of MS is 1.28％ in the lowest GGT quartile and 17.86％ in the highest GGT quartile.For male,the prevalence of MS is 9.27％ in the lowest ALT quartile and 21.88％ in the highest ALT quartile.For female,the prevalence of MS is 3.52％ in the lowest ALT quartile and 14.70％ in the highest ALT quartile (P ＜0.01).The optimal cutoff points of GGT to diagnose MS were 31 U/L in men and 18 U/L in women.The optimal cutoff points of ALT to diagnose MS were 23 U/L in men and 19 U/L in women.Conclusions The prevalence of MS increases with the increase in serum levels of GGT or ALT even through the normal range of GGT or ALT in Chinese men and women.
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Objective To analyze the correlation of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components with a future development of diabetes mellitus (DM) in elderly patients. Methods In 2007, the cohort study was carried out among the 2001 baseline population. The criteria which was proposed by international diabetes federation in 2005 was referred to diagnose MS. Results MS predicted the future development of DM (RR = 4. 70, 95% CI:3.23～6.85). Among MS components, fasting glucose exhibited the highest association with DM. The univariate analysis showed that while fasting glucose was more than 5. 6 mmol/L, the RR(95% CD was 9. 68(6. 59～ 14.23). And multiple factors analysis showed that while fasting glucose was 5.60 mmol/L～6. 09 mmol/L, the RR(95% CD was 5. 49(3. 38～8. 92). While glucose level was more than 6. 1 but less than 7.0 mmol/L, the RR(95% CI) increased to 14.44(9.29～22.44). However, along with the increasing of cluster number of MS components from 1,2,3,4 to 5, the corresponding RR increased from 2. 92, 5. 67, 12. 28, 19. 52 to 37. 83. Conclusions MS increases the risk of DM. Among MS components, fasting glucose level is the strongest risk indicator of DM.
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To explore relationship of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), blood lipid level with non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to provide evidence for its early intervention. Methods Data of 13 532 people living in Beijing undergone regular physical examinations at Beijing Hospital, including liver-ultrasonic scanning, measurements of blood lipid, height, weight, waist circumference and BMI during January to December 2007 were statistically analyzed. Results Totally, 4 807 people were diagnosed as NAFL by B-type ultrasonic scanning, with a mean age of (54 ± 14) years and median age of 53 years. Prevalence of NAFL significantly increased with changes in body building (normal weight, overweight and obesity) and age groups (X2 = 1640.394, P<0.01 ). There was statistical significance in prevalence of NAFL between groups with normal weight and overweight at varied ages ( X2 = 172.618 and 31.928, respectively, P < 0.01 ), with the highest at ages of 51 - 60 years. No statistical difference in prevalence of NAFL between varied age groups was found in those with obesity (X2 = 6.194, P =0.402). Mean of WC, BMI, serum levels of triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were significantly higher in NAFL group than those in those without NAFL, but mean serum level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was significantly higher in the former than that in the latter ( P < 0.05 ). Prevalence of dyslipidemia was significantly higher in NAFL group than that in those without NAFL ( X2 = 112. 974 - 895. 500, respectively, P < 0. 01 ), with the highest of hypertriglyceridemia, accounting for 54. 36 percent. Prevalence of NAFL was significantly higher in those with larger WC than that in those with normal WC in the normal weight and overweight group (X2 = 120.982 and 45.327, respectively, P<0.01). Results of logistic regression analysis showed that WC, BMI, TG and LDL-C all were risk factors for NAFL both in men and women, and HDL-C was a protective factor for NAFL only in women. Conclusions Overweight, obesity and dyslipidemia closely correlate with occurrence of NAFL Control of body weight and blood lipid level are essential for decreasing prevalence of NAFL.
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Objective To establish cell models with different insulin sensitivity status and examine the expression of protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) in the same conditions. Methods 3T3-L1cells were cultured with different glucose concentrations (3.0, 5.5 and 50.0 mmol/L respectively).Insulin sensitivity, as presented by insulin-induced glucose transport rate in the cells, was tested by 3H-2-DG incorporation. PKB expression in cells was determined by RT-PCR. Results The insulin-induced glucose transport rate in 3T3-L1 cells was affected by different concentrations of glucose. The transport rate of 3H -2-DG in cells cultured in low glucose concentration was increased by 152% and 50% compared with high glucose concentration and control group, respectively. There was no difference in PKB mRNA expression among the three groups under the same conditions,whereas there was an obvious reduction of PKB expression in the three groups after the cells were treated with glucose and insulin. Conclusions 3T3-L1 cells cultured with different concentrations of glucose present the different insulin sensitivity status, but the difference of PKB mRNA expression has not been observed in the same condition.
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BACKGROUND: The cluster of multiple metabolic disorders, namely raised blood pressure, overweight or obesity, raised triglyceride level, reduced high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level were the predictor of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). However, similar data especially the old people's data is relatively rare in China.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between the components of metabolic syndrome (MetS), their clusters and the risk of diabetes among Chinese old population.DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.SETTING :Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Public Health.PARTICIPANTS: The study was carried out from February 2001 until November 2001.4 499 volunteers aged 60 and over were recruited from the academic institutes in Beijing Xicheng, Haidian and Shijingshan districts through cluster sampling methods. They were selected after excluding those who did not have integral data.METHODS: Diabetes was considered when fasting glucose was ≥7.0 mmol/L and was treated for or diagnosed as DM. Chi-square tests were performed to compare the categorical data. Age and sex adjustment were taken in the comparison of the levels of blood pressure, waist circumference (WC), The body mass index (BMI), and lab variables, Multifactor stepwise (backward)Logistic regression analyses were used to select the factors which would have association with the risk of DM. When analyzing the relationship between number of clustering of the traits of MetS and DM, the group without any metabolic abnormalities was set as control group. The dummy variables were set for 1,2,3,4 clusters of metabolic abnormalities. The Logistic regression model was used again to test the relationship and adjusted by age and the family history of DM.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The blood glucose, waist, BMI, blood pressure, triglyceride (TG), HDL-C, and family history of diabetes of subjects.RESULTS: 4 444 people in the mean age of 65±5 were retrieved. 556cases of DM were found in this survey. Age, family history of diabetes,systolic blood pressure, waist and TG were independently associated with the risk of DM, with OR (95%CI) being 1.02 (1.00-1.04), 3.48(2.76-4.39), 1.02 (1.01-1.02), 1.03 (1.00-1.03), 1.13 (1.05-1.21), respectively. When TG was not in the model, HDL-C was also inversely associated with DM (OR=0.67, 95%CI 0.49-0.91). The risk of DM increased with clustering of abdominal obesity, raised blood pressure, raised TG, and reduced HDL-C level in individuals.CONCLUSION: In addition to age and genetic factors, metabolic factors, especially their clusters are closely related to the risk of diabetes. Therefore, the features of MetS are important indicators for the risk of DM in aged people.
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Objective:To probe the influence ofrelated index ofmetabolic syndrome on TCM clinical syndrome.Methods:A statistical factor analysis was made to related index ofmetabolic syndrome in 1 231 random people ofphysical examination.To probe the influence ofsyndrome differentiation offive zang on common factor.Results:The results indicated that there were close relationship between liver and lipid,heart and blood pressure, kidney and fasting plasma glucose.There were neither evident mutuality between abdominal circumference and syndromes offive zang,nor between related index ofmetabolic syndrome and the lung or the spleen.Conclusion:Regulation ofthe liver,heart and kidney in TCM may be the key to prevention and treatment ofmetabolic syndrome.
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Objective To evaluate the effects of TGF ? 1, EGF, bFGF, KGF on the cell growth of androgen independent prostate cancer cell line PC 3M in vitro. Methods We cultured androgen independent prostate cancer cell line PC 3M in vitro and added TGF ? 1, EGF, bFGF, KGF to the medium at different concentrations of 1, 5,10 and 50 ng/ml. Brdu incorporation method was used to determine the status of cell proliferation. Results The absorbance ( A ) value of the control group PC 3M was 0 759. Seventy two hours after adding the growth factors separately, the inhibition was enhanced with the increasing of concentrations. At the dosage of 50 ng/ml, A value decreased to 0 400(TGF ? 1),0 455(EGF),0 532(bFGF),and 0 491(KGF),respectively, showing significant difference compared to the controls. When the mixture of 1 ng/ml EGF with 0 5 ng/ml or 5 ng/ml TGF ? 1 was added into the medium, A values were 0 522 and 0 299, respectively. Conclusions All these four growth factors inhibited the proliferation of PC 3M cell line in a dose dependent manner. TGF ? 1 and EGF have no interaction to the cell proliferation.
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Objective To investigate whether AGEs stimulate human lymphocytes to produce cytokines and whether the immune response to AGEs stimulation is the same or not in diabetics and normal subjects.Methods Venous blood was collected from 55 normal subjects and 50 diabetic patients.The blood sample was mixed in 1640 culture medium with 10?g/ml PHA or 20?g/ml AGEs respectively for 24 hours incubation.TNF-? and IL-6 of the medium were determined by ELISA test kit.Results After 24 hours incubation,AGEs-induced TNF-? production in diabetic patients and normal subjects was 473.20?66.93pg/ml vs 254.62?35.14pg/ml ( P 0.05).There was no relation of higher cytokine production with course of diabetes,glycemia levels,body weight and sex.Conclusion The above results demonstrated that (1) AGEs do stimulate human lymphocytes to produce TNF-? and IL-6;(2)The immune response to AGEs and PHA was more sensitive in diabetics,at least partially,than that in normal subjects;(3)It seems that the sensitive response to AGEs stimulation has no relation with course of diabetes,glycemia levels,body weight and sex in tested individuals.Our findings imply the possibility that immune response to AGEs of diabetic individual can be studied by this method.The sensitive response to AGEs stimulation in diabetes may be an independent risk factor involved in diabetic complications.
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AIM To investigate the inhibitory effect of pycnogenol on generation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in vitro. METHODS Advanced glycation end products were determined by fluorospectrophotometer in the medium of 1 mol?L -1 glucose and 5% bovine albumin incubated at 37℃, 50℃, and 70℃ for different times. The inhibitory effect of pycnogenol was confirmed by the same system incubated with or without pycnogenol at different concentrations. RESULTS The rate of generation of AGEs in vitro was related with incubation time and incubation temperature. The generation of AGEs was inhibited by pycnogenol in vitro. The inhibitory rate was 10%～80% dependent on concentration and incubation time of pycnogenol. The inhibitory effect of pycnogenol on generation of AGEs was almost the same as that of Aminoguanidine at the same concentration. CONCLUSION pycnogenol could significantly inhibit generation of AGEs in vitro.