Tecnologia digital como instrumento de saúde em uma comunidade indígena no Vale de São Francisco / Digital technology as a tool for health promotion in an indigenous community in the Vale de São Francisco

Resumo: Introdução: As comunidades tradicionais são grupos de indivíduos socialmente organizados que partilham comportamentos econômicos, socioambientais e culturais comuns. Entre elas, destacam-se as comunidades indígenas no Brasil, que vêm sofrendo o impacto da urbanização, do crescimento de doenças crônicas e epidemias e do aumento da insegurança alimentar. Relato de experiência: Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever as experiências da equipe de saúde, quanto ao uso de uma ferramenta de gestão de dados na assistência, em uma comunidade indígena no Nordeste brasileiro. Trata-se de um relato de experiência do uso de uma ferramenta digital nas ações assistenciais em uma comunidade tradicional. A equipe de saúde foi dividida em dois grupos: agentes comunitários de saúde e estudantes de Medicina. Discussão: A descrição das experiências e a análise das narrativas resultaram na identificação de 258 citações, que foram classificadas em 12 categorias, relacionadas ao objeto de estudo. Dentre estas, as questões ligadas aos benefícios da ferramenta foram as mais mencionadas (43,41%), em que os subgrupos abordaram diferentes reflexões. A segunda categoria mais citada se referia às limitações da ferramenta (15,11%), sendo a necessidade do sinal de internet o ponto crítico. Ou seja, esta pesquisa mostra vantagens da ferramenta na atenção à saúde, mas também explicita fragilidades inerentes ao seu uso, de modo a trazer questões importantes dessa vivência e estimular práticas semelhantes. Conclusão: Esse relato de experiência, como método científico, traz importantes questões vivenciadas, relacionadas à aplicabilidade prática de uma ferramenta digital em uma comunidade indígena. Apesar de ser inegável que há pontos de fragilidade evidentes, eles não comprometeram o resultado afirmativo da vivência, melhorando a assistência.

Abstract: Introduction: Traditional communities are groups of socially organized individuals with common economic, socio-environmental, and cultural behaviors. Brazil's indigenous communities are a prime example of these groups, suffering the impact of urbanization, the growth of chronic diseases, epidemics, and increased food insecurity. Experience report: To describe the health team's experiences in the use of a data management tool for care in an indigenous community in northeastern Brazil. Methodology: This is an experience report on the use of a digital tool to assist actions in a traditional community. The health team was divided into community health agents and medical students. Discussion: The description of the experiences and analysis of the narratives resulted in identifying 258 citations, classified into 12 categories related to the study scope. Of these, issues related to benefits of the tool were the most commonly mentioned (43.41%), where the subgroups addressed different reflections. The second most cited category referred to the tool's limitations (15.11%), with the need for an internet connection being the critical point. This research, therefore, shows the tool's advantages in health care but also explains weaknesses inherent to its use, raising important issues of this experience and stimulating similar practices. Conclusion: This experience report, as a scientific method, addresses essential experienced issues related to the practical applicability of a digital tool in an indigenous community. Although it is undeniable that there are obvious points of weakness, these did not compromise the positive result of the experience, and care was improved.

Focal incidental upper abdominal findings on unenhanced chest computed tomography that do not require further imaging: a roadmap for the thoracic radiologist / Achados incidentais focais no abdome superior encontrados na tomografia computadorizada de tórax sem contraste que não requerem investigação adicional: roteiro para o radiologista torácico

Abstract Chest scans usually include the upper abdomen, leading radiologists to evaluate the upper abdominal structures. The aim of this article is to summarize the most common incidental upper abdominal findings that do not require further imaging or management in patients undergoing unenhanced computed tomography of the chest for the investigation of thoracic symptoms or diseases. We review common incidental findings of the liver, gallbladder, spleen, adrenal glands, kidney, and retroperitoneum, as well as findings that mimic other lesions. Thoracic radiologists should be aware of such typical findings and report when no further investigation is needed, thus avoiding unnecessary imaging examinations, protecting patients from additional medical interventions, and allaying patient concerns.

Resumo As tomografias de tórax geralmente incluem o abdome superior, o que implica a avaliação das estruturas abdominais superiores. Nosso objetivo é resumir os achados incidentais mais comuns do abdome superior que não requerem imagem ou tratamento adicional em pacientes submetidos a tomografia computadorizada de tórax sem contraste para investigar sintomas ou doenças torácicas. Achados incidentais comuns do fígado, vesícula biliar, baço, glândulas adrenais, rins, retroperitônio e alterações que podem mimetizar lesões nesses órgãos serão revisados. O radiologista torácico deve estar ciente de tais achados e relatar quando nenhuma investigação adicional for necessária, para evitar excesso de exames, especialmente com radiação ionizante, proteger os pacientes de intervenções médicas e de preocupações.

Interobserver agreement regarding the Fleischner Society diagnostic criteria for usual interstitial pneumonia patterns on computed tomography / Concordância interobservador nas categorias diagnósticas de pneumonia intersticial usual propostas pela Fleischner Society na tomografia computadorizada

Abstract Objective: To assess interobserver agreement among radiologists regarding the current Fleischner Society diagnostic criteria for usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) patterns on computed tomography (CT). Materials and Methods: Using the Fleischner Society criteria for UIP CT patterns, five raters, working independently, categorized the high-resolution CT (HRCT) scans of 44 patients with interstitial lung disease who underwent lung biopsy. The raters also evaluated the presence, extent, and distribution of the most relevant imaging findings, as well as indicating their level of confidence in the most likely diagnosis and in up to three diagnostic hypotheses. Results: There was moderate to substantial interobserver agreement regarding the UIP patterns on HRCT—kappa statistic (κ) = 0.59-0.61. Interobserver agreement for the binary scores was substantial (κ = 0.77-0.79), whereas that for the presence of honeycombing was almost perfect (κ = 0.81-0.96). There was agreement regarding at least one of the three diagnostic hypotheses in only 36.4% of the cases. For the level of confidence in the most likely diagnosis, there was only slight to fair agreement (κ = 0.19-0.21). Conclusion: Interobserver agreement regarding the current Fleischner Society CT criteria for UIP was moderate to substantial among raters with varying levels of experience. There was only slight to fair agreement regarding the diagnostic hypotheses and for the level of confidence in the most likely diagnosis.

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar a concordância interobservador entre radiologistas para os critérios atuais da Fleischner Society para categorias diagnósticas de pneumonia intersticial usual (PIU) em tomografia computadorizada (TC). Materiais e Métodos: Cinco observadores categorizaram independentemente as imagens de TC de 44 pacientes com doença pulmonar intersticial que foram submetidos a biópsia pulmonar empregando as últimas categorias de diagnóstico da Sociedade Fleischner para UIP. Também foram avaliadas presença, extensão e distribuição dos achados de imagem mais relevantes, bem como a confiança no diagnóstico mais provável e em até três hipóteses diagnósticas. Resultados: Houve concordância moderada a alta para as categorias diagnósticas entre os observadores (κ = 0,59-0,61). A concordância interobservador para a pontuação binária foi alta (κ = 0,77-0,79), enquanto para a presença de faveolamento foi considerada de alta a muito alta (κ = 0,81-0,96). Houve concordância em uma das três hipóteses diagnósticas em apenas 36,4% dos casos. Baixa concordância foi encontrada para o diagnóstico mais provável (κ = 0,19-0,21). Conclusão: A concordância entre observadores para os critérios atuais de TC da Fleischner Society para UIP foi moderada a alta entre observadores com diferentes níveis de experiência. Houve baixa concordância nas hipóteses diagnósticas e quanto ao grau de confiança no diagnóstico primário.

Metodologías activas, desarrollo del aprendizaje conceptual y trabajo colaborativo en estudiantes universitarios de Medicina / Active methodologies, development of conceptual learning and collaborative work in medical university students

RESUMEN Fundamento: el enfoque curricular por competencias favorece el aprendizaje activo de los discentes, lo que permite desarrollar competencias que pueden proyectarse más allá del aula. Objetivo: determinar el impacto de la aplicación de metodologías activas en el desarrollo de las competencias de trabajo colaborativo y aprendizaje conceptual en estudiantes de la carrera de Medicina. Métodos: se utilizó un diseño cuasiexperimental de corte longitudinal con un grupo control y tres grupos experimentales, realizado en 2019. La muestra fue 84 alumnos (cohortes 2018 y 2019) de la carrera de Medicina. Se aplicó metodologías activas a tres grupos experimentales y se utilizó la clase expositiva tradicional en el grupo control. El Autoinforme de Interacción Grupal (AIG) fue el instrumento utilizado para medir el trabajo colaborativo y el mapa conceptual para evidenciar el desarrollo del aprendizaje conceptual, con un de Alfa de Cronbach de 0,92 y 0,88, respectivamente. El análisis estadístico consideró la Prueba de Rangos de Friedman para más de dos muestras relacionadas. Resultados: la aplicación de las metodologías activas de intervención favorecieron el desarrollo del trabajo colaborativo y el nivel de aprendizaje conceptual en comparación al grupo control (metodología expositiva), el cual no logró resultados estadísticamente significativos (p> ,05). Conclusiones: el aprendizaje activo en los discentes fue favorecido por metodologías activas de intervención, que permitieron un desarrollo del aprendizaje conceptual con un mayor grado de reflexión en la medida en que se desarrolló el trabajo colaborativo, lo que a su vez se fortaleció en el tiempo.

ABSTRACT Background: the competency-based curricular approach favors the active learning of students, which allows them to develop competencies that can be projected beyond the classroom. Objective: to determine the impact of the application of active methodologies in the development of collaborative work skills and conceptual learning in Medicine students. Methods: a longitudinal quasi-experimental design was used with a control group and three experimental groups, it was carried out in 2019. The sample comprised 84 students (cohorts 2018 and 2019) of the Medicine degree. Active methodologies were applied to three experimental groups and the traditional expository class was used in the control group. The Group Interaction Self-Report (AIG) was the instrument used to measure collaborative work and the conceptual map to evidence the development of conceptual learning, with a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.92 and 0.88, respectively. Statistical analysis considered the Friedman Rank Test for more than two related samples. Results: the application of active intervention methodologies favored the development of collaborative work and the level of conceptual learning compared to the control group (expository methodology), which did not achieve statistically significant results (p> .05). Conclusions: active learning in students was favored by active intervention methodologies, which allowed a development of conceptual learning with a greater degree of reflection to the extent that collaborative work was developed, which in turn was strengthened over time.

Adverse events associated with antimicrobial compounds in a general hospital in Chile / Efectos adversos asociados al uso de antibióticos en un hospital general

ABSTRACT Background: Antimicrobial compounds are associated with a wide range of adverse events (AE) and some of them can be potentially preventable. Aim: To characterize AE associated with antimicrobial compounds. Patients and Methods: Retrospective analysis of AEs reported to the National Pharmacological Surveillance System from 2014 to 2017 in a regional hospital. Severity, causality and preventability were analyzed. Results: Sixty events were observed in 56 patients aged 2 months to 96 years. Cases were registered mostly in hospitalized patients. The most frequent AEs were skin disorders (56.7%), followed by hepatobiliary (13.3%), and CNS events (10%). Blood, kidney, respiratory gastrointestinal and immunological disorders were less frequently registered, including cases with anaphylactic shock and Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS). Causal analysis indicated a definitive association in 8.3%, probable in 70% and possible in 22%. Skin lesions were mostly associated with beta-lactams, hepatobiliary disorders with antituberculosis drugs and CNS manifestations with carbapenems. Cutaneous, neurological, and hepatobiliary events appeared at a median of 4, 2.5 and 10.5 days after starting the medication, respectively. AEs were managed with withdrawal of the suspected drug (83.3%) and other auxiliary therapies. AEs were categorized as severe in 22% and one case with SJS had a fatal outcome (1.7%). Preventability analysis revealed 25% of potentially avoidable events. Conclusions: Antimicrobial AE involved a wide diversity of compounds, occurred in different hospitalization units, affected patients of a wide age range and attacked different systems or organs. An important fraction was potentially avoidable.

Antecedentes: Los compuestos antimicrobianos están asociados a una amplia gama de eventos adversos (EA) y algunos de ellos pueden ser potencialmente prevenibles. Objetivos: Caracterizar los EA asociados a compuestos antimicrobianos. Pacientes y Métodos: Análisis retrospectivo de EA reportados al Sistema Nacional de Farmacovigilancia desde 2014 la 2017 en un hospital regional. Se incluyó un análisis de gravedad, causalidad y de posible prevención. Resultados: Se observaron 60 eventos en 56 pacientes de 2 meses a 96 años. Los casos se registraron principalmente en pacientes hospitalizados. Los EA más frecuentes fueron los trastornos de la piel (56,7%), seguidos de los hepatobiliares (13,3%) y del sistema nervioso central (10%). Los hematológicos, renales, respiratorios, gastrointestinales e inmunológicos se registraron con menos frecuencia, incluidos casos con shock anafiláctico y síndrome de Stevens-Johnson (SSJ). El análisis de causalidad indicó una asociación definitiva en 8.3%, probable en 70% y posible en 21.7%. Las lesiones cutáneas se asociaron principalmente a betalactámicos, los trastornos hepatobiliares a fármacos antituberculosos y las manifestaciones del SNC a carbapenémicos. Los eventos cutáneos, neurológicos y hepatobiliares se presentaron en una mediana de 4, 2,5 y 10,5 días después de iniciar el medicamento, respectivamente. Los EA se manejaron con el retiro del fármaco sospechoso (83,3%) y otras terapias auxiliares. Los EA se clasificaron como graves (21,7%) y un caso con SSJ tuvo un desenlace fatal (1,7%). Un 25% de los eventos fue potencialmente evitable. Conclusiones: Los resultados de este trabajo revelan que los AE por antimicrobianos involucran una amplia diversidad de compuestos, ocurren en diferentes unidades de hospitalización, afectan a pacientes de un amplio rango de edad y atacan diferentes sistemas u órganos.

Metodologías de aprendizaje basado en problemas, proyectos y estudio de casos en el pensamiento crítico de estudiantes universitarios / Teaching-learning methodologies based on problems, projects and case-study for the development of critical thinking in university students

RESUMEN Introducción: el curriculum por competencias permite a los estudiantes aprender en contextos dinámicos para desarrollar competencias más allá del aula. Se utilizaron metodologías activas como el Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas, Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos y Estudio de Casos, para el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico en los futuros profesionales de la salud. Objetivo: determinar el impacto de la aplicación de metodologías activas en el desarrollo de competencias como el pensamiento crítico en estudiantes de la carrera de Medicina. Métodos: diseño cuasi-experimental de corte longitudinal con un grupo control y tres grupos experimentales, realizado en 2019. La muestra fue 84 alumnos (cohortes 2018 y 2019) de la carrera de Medicina. Se aplicaron metodologías activas a tres grupos experimentales. El Test de Halpern permitió medir el pensamiento crítico, con Alfa de Cronbach: 0,724. El análisis estadístico consideró la Prueba de los Rangos con signo de Wilcoxon y la Prueba de Rangos de Friedman para dos o más muestras relacionadas, respectivamente. Se utilizó SPSS versión 21 para el análisis de los datos cuantitativos. Resultados: la aplicación de las metodologías activas de intervención favoreció el desarrollo de las habilidades del pensamiento crítico relacionadas con el razonamiento verbal, análisis de argumento y la probabilidad e incertidumbre, en comparación al grupo control (metodología expositiva) donde no fue estadísticamente significativo (p> 0,05). Conclusiones: el aprendizaje activo en los estudiantes fue favorecido por metodologías activas de intervención, las que además de contribuir al desarrollo del pensamiento crítico, permitieron fortalecerlo en el tiempo.

ABSTRACT Introduction: competency-based curriculum allows learners to learn in dynamic contexts to develop competencies beyond the classroom. Active methodologies such as Problem-based Learning, Project-based Learning and Case Studies were used to develop critical thinking in future health care professionals. Objective: to determine the impact of the application of active methodologies in the development of competencies such as critical thinking in medical students. Methods: longitudinal quasi-experimental design with one control group and three experimental groups, conducted in 2019. The sample comprised 84 students (cohorts 2018 and 2019) of the Medicine major. Active methodologies were applied to three experimental groups. The Halpern's test allowed measuring critical thinking, with Cronbach's Alpha: 0.724. The statistical analysis considered the Wilcoxon signed ranks test and Friedman's rank test for two or more related samples, respectively. SPSS version 21 was used for the analysis of quantitative data. Results: the application of active intervention methodologies favored the development of critical thinking skills related to verbal reasoning, argument analysis and probability and uncertainty in comparison to the control group (expository methodology) where it was not statistically significant (p> 0,05). Conclusions: active learning in the students was favored by active intervention methodologies, which, in addition to contributing to the development of critical thinking, allowed strengthening it over time.

Regulación autonómica cardiovascular durante la prueba del peso sostenido en pacientes sanos y diabéticos tipo 2 / Autonomic cardiovascular regulation during the sustained weight test in healthy subjects and type 2 diabetic patients

Introducción: En la actualidad se hace imprescindible el estudio de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 a partir de técnicas poco costosas en función de la carga sanitaria que representa, es entonces donde la prueba del peso sostenido gana valor como ejercicio isométrico estático cubano en el estudio de la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca. Objetivo: Determinar las respuestas electrofisiológicas autonómicas y hemodinámicas en estado basal y durante la prueba del peso sostenido en pacientes sanos y con diabetes tipo 2. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba, no observacional, cuasi-experimental, de tipo antes-después con grupo control de 60 pacientes (30 sanos y 60 con diabetes mellitus tipo 2). Resultados: Los diabéticos presentaron mayor IMC (p = 0,004). En estado basal se experimentaron diferencias significativas entre pacientes sanos y diabéticos. En la mayoría, los parámetros de la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca analizados y durante la prueba del peso sostenido, solo se observaron diferencias significativas en las variables TAS (p = 0,022), BF (p = 0,001) y AF (p = 0,015). Al realizar la prueba del peso sostenido se encontraron variaciones muy significativas (p < 0,001) de los parámetros hemodinámicos, y variaciones significativas de AF (p = 0,023) y BF/AF (p = 0,046) en pacientes sanos; y en diabéticos, diferencias significativas de las variables hemodinámicas. Conclusiones: Se determinó una menor respuesta en pacientes diabéticos con respecto a los sanos del sistema nervioso autónomo, lo que expresa un deterioro de este y una disminución de la actividad simpática y parasimpática(AU)

Introduction: At present it is indispensable to study type 2 diabetes mellitus with low-cost techniques due to the health load it represents. In this context the sustained weight test acquires great value as a Cuban static isometric exercise for the study of heart rate variability. Objective: Determine autonomic and hemodynamic electrophysiological responses at baseline state and during the sustained weight test in healthy subjects and type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: A non-observational quasi-experimental before-after study was conducted at the University of Medical Sciences of Santiago de Cuba based on a control group of 60 patients (30 healthy and 30 with type 2 diabetes mellitus). Results: Diabetics had a higher BMI (p = 0.004). At baseline state significant differences were found between healthy subjects and diabetic patients. In most of the heart rate variability parameters analyzed and during the sustained weight tests, the only variables that showed significant differences were SBP (p = 0.022), FB (p = 0.001) and FA (p = 0.015). The results obtained from the sustained weight test were the following: very significant variations of hemodynamic parameters (p < 0.001), significant FA (p = 0.023) and FB/FA (p = 0.046) variations in healthy subjects, and significant differences in hemodynamic variables in diabetic patients. Conclusions: A lower response by the autonomic nervous system was determined in diabetic patients versus healthy subjects, signaling deterioration of that system and reduced sympathetic and parasympathetic activity(AU)

Transferencia de aprendizajes desde el aula formal hacia la práctica clínica: una reflexión sobre la formación de fonoaudiólogos en Chile / Transferring learning from the formal classroom to the clinical practice: A reflection on the training of speech therapists in Chile

En el presente artículo se reflexiona sobre el proceso de transferencia de los aprendizajes desde el aula formal hacia la práctica clínica y sobre el desafío que implica esta tarea en la formación de fonoaudiólogos en instituciones de educación superior chilenas. Para ello, se inicia con un análisis sobre los tres niveles del sistema educacional actual en Chile, el macrosistema (modelo educativo general), mesosistema (modelo educativo asumido por cada una de las instituciones de educación superior) y microsistema (currículo adoptado por cada carrera universitaria), con el fin de entregar un marco referencial. Posteriormente, se describe el Modelo de Enseñanza para la Comprensión, se plantea evidencia de aplicación en instituciones de educación superior de Latinoamérica y se reflexiona sobre el aporte que significaría la implementación de este modelo para el proceso de transferencia de los aprendizajes. Por último, se plantean los alcances de esta propuesta y las posibles limitaciones en su ejecución.

In this paper, we present some reflections on the process of learning-transfer from formal classrooms to clinical practices, and the challenges involved for the training of speech therapist in Chilean higher-education institutions. We begin by analyzing the three levels of the current educational system in Chile: the macrosystem (general educational model), the mesosystem (educational models assumed by each higher -education institution), and microsystem (curricula adopted at universities), in order to provide a reference framework. Subsequently, we describe the Teaching Model for Understanding, we present evidence of application in institutions of higher education in Latin America and we reflect on the impact that the implementation of this model might have for the process of transfer of learning. Finally, we considerthe scope of the proposal and the possible limitations in its execution.

Cardiovascular risk and bipolar disorder: factors associated with a positive coronary calcium score in patients with bipolar disorder type 1

Objective: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in patients with bipolar disorder. The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors associated with positive coronary calcium score (CCS) in individuals with bipolar disorder type 1. Methods: Patients from the Bipolar Disorder Program at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil, underwent computed tomography scanning for calcium score measurement. Clinical and sociodemographic variables were compared between patients according to their CCS status: negative (CCS = 0) or positive (CCS > 0). Poisson regression analysis was used to examine the association of CCS with number of psychiatric hospitalizations. Results: Out of 41 patients evaluated, only 10 had a positive CCS. Individuals in the CCS-positive group were older (55.2±4.2 vs. 43.1±10.0 years; p = 0.001) and had more psychiatric hospitalizations (4.7±3.0 vs. 2.6±2.5; p = 0.04) when compared with CCS- negative subjects. The number of previous psychiatric hospitalizations correlated positively with CCS (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Age and number of psychiatric hospitalizations were significantly associated with higher CCS, which might be a potential method for diagnosis and stratification of cardiovascular disease in bipolar patients. There is a need for increased awareness of risk assessment in this population.

Aneurysm and dissection in a patient with syphilitic aortitis

ABSTRACT In the antibiotic era, aortic aneurysm is a rare complication of syphilis, what makes the diagnostic assumption even more difficult. Nonetheless, this condition should be suspected in patients with aortic aneurysm. Reports of aortic dissection complicating syphilitic aortitis have been distinctly rare in the literature, and their cause-effect relationship has not been definitely established. In this case report, we present a 62-year-old woman with aortic aneurysm and dissection associated with an unexpected diagnosis of syphilitic aortitis.

Sleep quality perception and romantic relationships in university students: cross-sectional study / Percepción de calidad de sueño en jóvenes universitarios y relaciones románticas: estudio de corte transversal

Abstract Introduction: Sleep in adolescence is influenced by emotional states triggered by romantic relationships, which can be determinant in sleep quality perception. Objective: This study was designed to assess the association between sleep quality perception and romantic relationships, as well as its characteristics in late adolescent/young adult university students. Materials and methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in 443 subjects. Sleep quality perception was quantified using a validated diary for young persons. Individual attachment style, romantic relationship status and its characteristics were determined using specific validated measures. Results: Sleep quality perception was determined using five multivariate models that included statistically significant characteristics of romantic relationships. Higher sleep quality perception was associated with the level of satisfaction of a subject with the relationship and liking for the partner (p=0.035). The prevalence of romantic relationships in students was 64% (95%CI: 59.4-68.9). The individuals that were not in a romantic relationship experienced significantly prolonged sleep latency (p<0.05). Conclusion: Higher sleep quality perception in university students is associated with being in a romantic relationship and the attachment style. These aspects can be identified and intervened, if support systems of educational institutions recognize their potential importance for health, wellbeing and academic performance.

Resumen Introducción. El sueño en adolescentes está influenciado de manera especial por los estados emocionales presentes en las relaciones románticas. Esto puede ser determinante en la percepción de calidad del sueño. Objetivo. Evaluar la asociación entre la percepción de la calidad del sueño y las características de las relaciones románticas en estudiantes universitarios adolescentes y adultos jóvenes. Materiales y métodos. Estudio de corte transversal realizado en 443 sujetos. La percepción de calidad del sueño, los estilos de apego, estar en una relación romántica y sus características se determinaron utilizando medidas validadas. Resultados. La percepción de calidad del sueño se determinó utilizando cinco modelos multivariados que incluyeron características estadísticamente significativas de las relaciones románticas. El nivel de satisfacción del individuo con su relación de pareja y la atracción hacia esta se asoció con su nivel de percepción de calidad del sueño (p=0.035). La prevalencia de las relaciones románticas fue del 64% (IC95%: 59.4-68.9). Los que no estaban en una relación experimentaron latencia del sueño significativamente más prolongada (p<0.05). Conclusión. Las relaciones sentimentales románticas y sus características se asocian con la calidad de sueño percibida por los individuos. Estos aspectos pueden ser identificados e intervenidos y ser útiles para los sistemas de apoyo de las instituciones educativas.

Right aortic arch with aberrant left innominate artery arising from Kommerell's diverticulum / Arco aórtico à direita associado a artéria inominada esquerda aberrante originada de divertículo de Kommerell

Abstract We report a case of an uncommon thoracic aorta anomaly-right aortic arch with aberrant left innominate artery arising from Kommerell's diverticulum-that went undiagnosed until adulthood.

Resumo É apresentado o caso de uma rara anomalia da aorta torácica - arco aórtico à direita associado a artéria inominada esquerda aberrante com origem em divertículo de Kommerell -, com diagnóstico apenas na vida adulta.

Fusión de imágenes y protección de hipocampo para el tratamiento de metástasis cerebrales con radioterapia / Image fusion and hippocampus protection in radiotherapy treatment of brain metastases

Las imágenes de simulación obtenidas mediante TAC son actualmente el estándar para uso en los sistemas de planificación de haces externos empleados en los tratamientos de radioterapia. Sin embargo, una de las limitaciones es su bajo contraste y poca especificidad para la identificación y caracterización de lesiones tumorales y algunas estructuras a nivel de sistema nervioso central. Los nuevos algoritmos implementados en los sistemas de planificación de radioterapia permiten realizar la fusión de imágenes de RM con TAC de simulación, definir y proteger estructuras como el hipocampo, buscando administrar dosis bajas en esta zona, lograr mayores dosis a los volúmenes tumorales y disminuir los efectos secundarios derivados de tratamientos holoencefálicos con radioterapia. En este artículo se presentan las imágenes correspondientes a esta técnica de tratamiento.

CT simulation images are the current standard in external beam radiotherapy planning systems. However, the limitations of images obtained from CT scanning include their low contrast and low specificity in the identification and characterization of tumor lesions and some central nervous system structures. The new algorithms implemented in radiotherapy planning systems allow image fusion to be performed using MRI images and CT simulation images. It also allows structures like the hippocampus to be defined and protected, by administering lower Radiosurgery; doses to this area and higher doses to the tumor volume, thus decreasing side effects arising from whole brain radiotherapy treatment. Images corresponding to this treatment technique are presented in this article.

Evaluación de la calidad de vida en pacientes con artritis reumatoide / Evaluation of the quality of life in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Se describe las modalidades de evaluación de calidad de vida en los pacientes con artritis reumatoide las cuales se constituyen en genéricas o específicas. Para la aplicación del estudio, se utiliza la escala de valoración Multifuncional de la Fatima...

The arrangements for evaluating quality of life in patients with rheumatoid arthritis which constitute generic or specific described . For the implementation of the study, Multifunctional scale assessment of Fatima is used...

Large aortic aneurysm and dissection in a patient with Marfan’s syndrome

Marfan’s syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder of connective tissue affecting approximately 1 in 5000 people. In individuals with this syndrome, more than 90% of deaths from known causes result from cardiovascular complications, such as aortic dissection, aortic regurgitation, and congestive cardiac failure. In this report, we present a patient with a large symptomatic aortic aneurysm and chronic dissection, severe aortic regurgitation and cardiomegaly, treated successfully with resection of the proximal aorta and placement of a mechanic aortic valved graft...

Cardiac involvement in Erdheim-Chester disease: a case report

Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis of unknown etiology characterized by proliferation of lipid-containing foamy histiocytes affecting bones and potentially every organ. There is a wide clinical spectrum of the disease, ranging from asymptomatic bone or soft-tissue lesions to life-threatening systemic involvement. Although the initial descriptions published by Jakob Erdheim and William Chester in 1930 included a patient with right atrial infiltration on autopsy, cardiovascular involvement in ECD has only gained more recognition recently. In the present report, we describe a case with cardiac involvement, presenting with symptomatic heart failure and a cardiac mass assessed with echocardiogram and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.

Unilateral pulmonary veins atresia: evaluation by computed tomography / Atresia unilateral das veias pulmonares: avaliação por tomografia computadorizada

Unilateral pulmonary vein atresia is a rare congenital condition. In addition to cardiac malformations or pulmonary hypertension, patients may present with recurrent pulmonary infections or hemoptysis in childhood or adolescence. The authors report a case where the typical findings of such condition were observed at computed tomography in an adult patient.