ABSTRACT
Objetivos: describir los comportamientos alimentarios de los adolescentes durante la etapa de preparación para el ingreso a la universidad. Material y métodos: el estudio fue descriptivo y de corte transversal, se realizó en el año 2015, en un centro preuniversitario del distrito de Lima, la población fue de 1400 estudiantes de 15 a 17 años, se obtuvo una muestra de 303 adolescentes. Resultados: el 50,5% de los adolescentes consume tres comidas al día, 10,9% solo consume una comida, 4,6% nunca desayuna y 0,3% nunca almuerza. El almuerzo y la merienda o lonche son realizados en el centro educativo. Los días laborales comen sin compañía; salvo en el almuerzo, que comen con sus compañeros. La actividad que la mayoría realiza mientras come durante los días laborales, es ver televisión. Los alimentos y productos que gustan consumir más son: pollo 92,7%, agua 89,4%, pollo a la brasa 82,8%; los que menos prefieren, son las legumbres 49,2%. El 75,2% manifestó que en compañía de sus pares consumen comida rápida, el 35% optó por snacks. El 57.1% dedica entre 15 a 30 minutos para almorzar. Conclusiones: los adolescentes realizan 3 comidas diarias, el lugar donde almuerzan es el centro educativo, en compañía de sus pares prefieren consumir comida rápida; durante los días laborales realizan sus comidas sin compañía, y mientras comen suelen ver televisión y usar las redes sociales, en el entorno familiar consumen alimentos nutritivos y variados.
Objectives: describe adolescents eating behavior while preparing to apply to college. Material and methods: The study is descriptive and transversal, it was held in 2015, in a pre-university center in the district of Lima; the population consisted of 1,400 students with an average age of 15-17 years, and the sample was composed of 303 individuals. Results: 50.5 % of teens eat three times a day, 10.9% eat once, 4.6% never have breakfast and 0.3% never have dinner. Lunch and lunch are made the university center. On weekdays the students eat unaccompanied; except at lunch where they eat with their peers. On weekdays, the activity that is carried out while eating, is watching television. Food and products they like to consume more are: chicken 92.7%, water 89.4%, grilled chicken 82.8% and the least preferred are: legumes 49.2%. 75.2% said that in the company of their peers they consume fast food, 35 % chose snacks. 57.1 % delay between 15 to 30 minutes for lunch. Conclusions: teens have 3 meals a day, where their eating place is the school, in groups they prefer eating fast food; while on weekdays they eat alone, watch TV and use social networks, and in family surroundings they consume nutritious and varied food.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Female , Eating , Food and Nutrition Education , Feeding Behavior , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a disease with an increasing prevalence and the main cause of blindness among working-age population. The risk of severe vision loss can be significantly reduced by timely diagnosis and treatment. Systematic screening for DR has been identified as a cost-effective way to save health services resources. Automatic retinal image analysis is emerging as an important screening tool for early DR detection, which can reduce the workload associated to manual grading as well as save diagnosis costs and time. Many research efforts in the last years have been devoted to developing automatic tools to help in the detection and evaluation of DR lesions. However, there is a large variability in the databases and evaluation criteria used in the literature, which hampers a direct comparison of the different studies. This work is aimed at summarizing the results of the available algorithms for the detection and classification of DR pathology. A detailed literature search was conducted using PubMed. Selected relevant studies in the last 10 years were scrutinized and included in the review. Furthermore, we will try to give an overview of the available commercial software for automatic retinal image analysis.
ABSTRACT
El bloqueo paravertebral torácico o bloqueo intercostal extrapleural consiste en la administración de anestésicos locales en el espacio paravertebral adyacente al foramen intervertebral por donde emergen los nervios espinales, obteniendo un bloqueo somático y simpático ipsilateral en varios dermatomas contiguos, por encima y abajo del sitio de inyección. Es una técnica muy fácil de realizar y con una alta tasa de éxito. Este tipo de bloqueo puede estar indicado en cualquier tipo de patología dolorosa que afecte a la región toracoabdominal de forma unilateral. La realización de un bloqueo paravertebral continuo como parte de un régimen de analgesia balanceada proporciona una analgesia óptima tras toracotomías, comparable con el estándar de oro como es la analgesia epidural torácica y a la que se podría considerar como una alternativa segura y con menos riesgo de complicaciones.
The thoracic paracertebral block or the extrapleural intercostal block is the technique of injecting local anesthetic paravertebral space adjacent to the thoracic vertebra close to where the spinal nerves emerge from the intervertebral foramina. This results in ipsilateral somatic and sympathetic nerve blockade in multiple contiguous thoracic dermatomes above and below the site of inyection.It is a technique very easy to make and with a high rate of success. This type of blockade can be indicated in any type of painful pathology that affects the toracoabdominal region of unilateral form. The accomplishment of a blockade paravertebral continuous as it leaves from a regime of balanced analgesia provides an optimal analgesia after toracotomías, comparable with the gold standard like it is the thoracic epidural analgesia and to which it would be possible to be considered like a safe alternative and with less risk of complications.