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Objective To integrate existing data and analyze the optogenetic application in the study of the cocaine addiction mechanism.Methods The key words optogenetics,addiction, cocaine and so on were selected.Relevant research information was collected from various authentic databases such as China Journal Full-text Database,Chinese Biomedical Databases,Wanfang Digital Journals,VIP Full-text Database and PubMed,SCIENCEDIRECT,SPRINGERLINK databases by literature study,assess the quality of the studies and the qualitative systematic review was conducted in this study.Results Findings from present data showed that:with great spatial and temporal specificity,the optogenetic application not only proved the important role of traditional theories of mesolimbic dopamine system,but also dissected the neural circuits and molecular mechanisms of dopaminergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission underlying cocaine addiction.Conclusion The use of optogenetic tools has given researchers the potential to dissect the neuronal circuits and molecular changes,leading us to a better understanding of the mechanisms of cocaine addiction and to the development of novel treatment.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of hyperuricemia in the subjects undergoing routine physical examinations in Guangzhou.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This study was conducted among 8302 subjects (5136 male and 3166 female) undergoing routine physical examinations in a hospital in Guangzhou during the period from October 1, 2010 and December 31, 2011. For all the subjects, such indices as body height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, blood pressure, heart rate, and blood biochemistry were examined, and the body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio were calculated. The risk factors of hyperuricemia were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Hyperuricemia was detected in 35.68% of the total subjects, and the detection rates were significantly higher in male than in female subjects (46.83% vs 17.59%, P<0.0001). Unconditional logistic regression analysis showed a significant correlation of hyperuricemia with age, sex, BMI, hypertension, waist-hip ratio, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified BMI, blood pressure, waist-hip ratio, hypertriglyceridemia, LDL, VLDL-C, creatinine, and urea nitrogen as the risk factors for hyperuricemia, and age and gender were negatively correlated with the incidence of hyperuricemia with OR values of 0.991 and 0.660, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Hyperuricemia has a high prevalence in the subjects undergoing routine physical examinations in Guangzhou. The risk factors of hyperuricemia include hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, and elevations of BMI, waist-hip ratio, LDL, VLDL-C, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen. Age and gender can be protective factors against hyperuricemia.</p>
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Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , China , Epidemiology , Hyperuricemia , Epidemiology , Physical Examination , Prevalence , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the Cyt b gene sequences in Tibet mini-pigs and clarify the differences and genetic relationship with other Chinese pigs.Method The sequence of Cyt b gene was amplified from genome DNA of Tibet mini-pig,Bama miniature pigs,Guizhou xiang pigs and Wuzhishan (WZS) pigs.After sequencing,the base sequences were compared and analysed.The blood relationship tree and evolution position of Tibet mini-pig were established.Result There were 14 mutation sites between domestic pigs in China and pigs from Europe.Besides there was a significant differenee in two nucleotide site:a T→C switch in site 420 and the G→A switch in site 883 at the same time.Conclusion Chinese pigs include Bama miniature pigs,Guizhou xiang pigs and WZS pigs,have a very close blood relationship with some of Tibet mini-pigs.It has been confirmed that there is a certain genetic differentiation in the Tibet mini-pig.
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BACKGROUND: Growth differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5) plays an important role in the development and formation of cartilage, extremities, and joints, which is a widely used joint development marker.OBJECTIVE: To express mature peptide of human GDF-5 in E. coil by the way of genetic engineering, and to explore the inductive activity of recombinant protein in vivo.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The observation experiment based on gene was performed at the Analysis and Testing Center of Southern Medical University from January to June 2006.MATERIALS: Human fetus cartilage tissue was harvested from Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, and the consent was obtained from the family. Ten KM mice were purchased from experimental animal center of Southern Medical University, half male and half female, weighing 18-22 g, aged 6-8 weeks.METHODS: The hGDF-5 gene encoding mature peptide was gained by RT-PCR from the total RNA which was extracted from fetus cartilage tissues, and was inserted into the pET22b(+) vector to construct recombinant prokaryotic expression plasmid pET22b(+)-GDF5, which was transformed into E. coil BL-21 to be expressed after IPTG induction. Proteins of interest were purified with sepharose chelated with nickel ions (Ni2+) and then implanted in mouse hindlimb muscle to evaluate the biological activities by routine hematoxylin-eosin staining.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The expression, sequencing of target gene was observed by agarose gel electrophoresis, and the protein expression was detected by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, meanwhile, the GDF5-inducing activity was evaluate by histological observation.RESULTS: RT-PCR product was about 350 bp in length, which was confirmed by double enzyme digestion of the recombinant plasmid, sequencing result was in agreement with the reported hGDF-5 sequence in Genbank. SDS-PAGE analysis showed a conspicuous band representing a new foreign protein with relative molecular mass of approximately 14 KD after induced expressioin. Cartilage tissues were formed in the mouse muscle where the purified proteins were implanted. CONCLUSION: The integral human GDF-5 mature peptide gene was cloned successfully from human fetus cartilage tissue and a high-yield expression was achieved in E. coli, the pudfied protein has chondrogenic activities in vivo.
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Objective To investigate the effects of gene transfection with human growth/differentiation factor 5(GDF5)on the growth and difierentiation of bone nlarrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs).Methods GDF5 gene was trans fected into BMSCs by liposome method. Then cell proliferation and cycles were examined by MTT and flow cytometry respectively. Cell morphology was observed under light microscope and electron microscope (EM).GDF5 and Collagen Ⅱ were detected at the level of mRNA and protein by RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry. Alkaline phosphate activity was examined by lead citrate method. Osteocalcin mRNA expression was determined bv RT-PCR. ResulIs GDF5 gene was transfected into BMSCs successfully and the transfected cells still maintained their natural growth and proliferation features. Stable expression of GDF5 gene in BMSCs was obtained. The trans fected ceils had basically the same proliferation ability and cell cycles as the untransfccted ones. After transfection comparatively more polygonal cells could be seen in light microscope, showing irregular arrangement mode. Plenty organells were observed and cell nucleus showed irregular shape under EM. The expressions of Collagen Ⅱ mRNA and protein were positive. But osteocalcin mRNA expression was negative. Conclusion Since BMSCs can be induced by GDF5 to differentiate into chondrogenic cells. GDF5 gene-modified BMSCs may be used as candidate seed cells of cartilage tissue engineering.
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Comparative medicine is a new crossing frontier branch subject based on laboratory animal science,and the content,aim and request of its research have been remarkably different from that of laboratory animal science.Acting as the methods,means and support conditions of advancment and development of medicine research,comparative medicine is an important platform ensuring the sustainable development of medicine,and is imperative for the medico to be educated with systemic comparative medicine.
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The integral mature peptide gene of human growth differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5) was cloned to provide the essential foundation for study on the biological characteristics of GDF-5 at gene and protein levels. Two primers were chemosynthesized according to the hGDF-5 sequence reported in Genbank. The hGDF-5 gene was gained by RT-PCR methods from the total RNA extracted from human fetus cartilage tissue, and was cloned into vector pMD18-T. The sequence of recombinant plasmid pMD18-T-hGDF-5 was analyzed by sequence analysis. DNA agarose gel electrophoresis showed that the product of RT-PCR was about 380bp, and double enzyme digestion of the recombinant plasmid corresponded with it. The result of sequence assay was in agreement with the reported hGDF-5 sequence in Genbank. Our results showed that the integral mature peptide gene of human GDF-5 was cloned successfully from human fetal cartilage tissue, and totally identified with the sequence of human GDF-5 in Genbank.
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Humans , Bone Morphogenetic Proteins , Genetics , Cartilage , Chemistry , Cloning, Molecular , Fetus , Genetic Vectors , Growth Differentiation Factor 5 , Transforming Growth Factor beta , GeneticsABSTRACT
【Objective】To observe the anti-stress effect of koumine(Kou)on mice.【Methods】Kunming mice were randomized into model group,low-,moderate-and high-dose koumine(1.2,2.4,and 4.8 mg?kg-1?d-1)groups.The treatment lasted 7 days.One hour after last administration,stress tests such as weight-bearing swimming,antihypoxia,high-temperature resistance and low-temperature resistance were carried out.The changes of serum superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity and malondialdehyde(MDA)content were also observed.【Results】During the anti-stress tests,the survival time was prolonged in koumine groups as compared with the model group(P0.05).【Conclusion】Koumine can increase the mice tolerance of weight-bearing swimming,cold and hypoxia,and its anti-stress mechanism may be related to the antilipid peroxidation.
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Objective To investigate the feasibility of the committed differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) into tenocytes,the present study was carried out. Method NMP12 gene transfer to MSCs was performed with pEGFP C1 expressing vector by electroporation. Results Green fluorescence protein(GFP) expression was detected as early as 6h postelectroporation, peaked at 12h and could maintain 3 days. And then, GFP expression of some cells was weakened. Conclusion The results of the present study indicated that the successful transfection of MSCs was made, an the committed differentiation of MSCs into tenocytes was practicable
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Objective In order to explore the biological features of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Methods The ALPase activity, Vimentin and Laminin were detected by immunocytochemistry. Cell cycle and surface antigenic features were analyzed by flow cytometry technique. Cell growth curve was measured by MTT test. The telomerase activity was detected by in situ hybridization. Results The ALPase activity and Laminin were negative, Vimentin was positive in the MSCs. The percentage of G1, S, and G2 of cell cycle was 89.5%,7.8%,7.7%, respectively. MSCs were positive for CD166、CD29、CD44、CD105, and negative for CD34 and HLA-DR. The average doubling time of cells was 32 hours. The telomerase activity was positive. Conclusion The cultured cells were not hemopoietic stem cells or fibroblasts, but the MSCs that had not differentiated. Furthermore, it had relatively high proliferation ability.