A novel defined pyroptosis-related genes prognostic risk model for predicting the prognosis of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma / 解剖学报

Objective To establish a novel defined pyroptosis-related genes risk model of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. Methods Data of 522 patients with KIRC and 72 normal tissue samples were respectively downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas ( TCGA) database and Genotype-Tissue Expression ( GTEx) database. Differential analysis was performed between data of TCGA and GTEx. Univariate Cox regression analysis, multivariate Cox regression analyses and LASSO Cox regression analysis were used to establish a prognostic risk model. Data from the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) database was used as an external validation cohort. Gene ontology ( GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encylopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were used to explore the differences of gene functions and pathways between high-risk and low-risk groups. The CIBERSORT database was used to explore the immune infiltration of high-risk and low-risk groups. Results Through differential analysis, we obtained 13 differentially expressed pyroptosis-related genes. Univariate Cox regression analysis, multivariable Cox regression analyses and LASSO Cox regression analysis were used to establish a 6-gene risk model. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that survival time in high-risk group was shorter than low-risk group in both cohorts. The area under the curve ( AUC) was 0. 710 for 1-year, 0. 683 for 2-year, and 0. 727 for 3-year survival in the TCGA_KIRC cohort. The AUC was 0. 592 for 1-year, 0. 531 for 2-year, and 0. 545 for 3-year survival in the ICGC_RECA cohort. Independent prognostic analysis indicated that risk score was an independent prognostic factor. GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis showed that it was mainly associated with immune and inflammatory responses. The result of tumor immune infiltration showed that the high-risk group had low infiltration levels of regulatory T cells , natural killer cells, monocytes, M2 macrophages and eosinophils and high infiltration level of B cells, CD8+T cells and follicular helper T cells. Conclusion Pyrolysis-related genes may play an important role in KIRC tumor immunity, and the 6-gene risk model can provide a forecast basis for personalized treatment of patients with KIRC.

Identification of serological biomarkers for diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis using a protein array-based approach / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To study the cytokine patterns in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and healthy individuals and identify candidate serum biomarkers for clinical diagnosis of RA.@*METHODS@#This study was conducted among 59 patients diagnosed with RA in our hospital from 2015 to 2019 with 46 age- and gender-matched healthy subjects who received regular physical examinations in our hospital as the control group. Serological autoimmune profiles of 5 RA patients and 5 healthy control subjects were obtained from human cytokine microarrays. We selected 4 differentially expressed cytokines (LIMPII, ROBO3, Periostin and IGFBP-4) and 2 soluble cytokine receptors of interest (2B4 and Tie-2) and examined their serum levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 54 RA patients and 41 healthy control subjects. Spearman correlation test was performed to assess the correlation of serum cytokine and soluble receptor expression levels with the clinical features including rheumatoid factor (RF), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), disease activity score (DAS28) and health assessment questionnaire (HAQ). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic capability of these cytokines.@*RESULTS@#We identified 6 dysregulated cytokines and soluble receptors (2B4, LIMPII, Tie-2, ROBO3, periostin and IGFBP-4) in RA patients (P < 0.01). The serum levels of LIMPII, ROBO3 and periostin were significantly correlated with the disease activity indicators including RF (P < 0.001), CRP (P < 0.001), DAS28 (P < 0.001) and HAQ (P < 0.001) in RA patients. Among the 6 candidate cytokines, 2B4 showed the largest area under the curve (AUC) of 0.861 for RA diagnosis (P < 0.001), followed then by LIMPII, ROBO3, periostin, Tie-2 and IGFBP-4.@*CONCLUSION@#Serum levels of LIMPII, ROBO3 and periostin can be indicative of the disease activity of RA, and serum 2B4, LIMPII, periostin, ROBO3, IGFBP-4 and Tie-2 levels may serve as biomarkers for the diagnosis of RA.

Melatonin inhibiting the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901 / 解剖学报

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of melatonin on the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cell and the underlying molecular mechanism. Methods Human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells were treated with different concentrations of melatonin ( 0. 1, 1, 2 and 4 mmol/L ) for 24 hours, and the changes in the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells were detected by scratch test and Transwell assay. The expressions of matrix metalloproteinase ( MMP) -2 and MMP-9 in the supernatant were detected by ELISA kit. The changes of MMP-2, MMP-9, intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 ( ICAM-1 ) and CD44 expressions were detected by using Real-time PCR. The protein expressions of ICAM-1, CD44, p-P38, P38 and phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase ( p-MKK) 3/6 were detected by Western blotting. Results Melatonin inhibited the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells in a dose- dependent manner. Compared with the blank control group, melatonin reduced the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, ICAM-1 and CD44, and inhibited the expressions of p-P38, P38 and p-MKK3/6 in gastric cancer cells. Conclusion Melatonin inhibits the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells by inhibiting the expressions of MMP-2, MMP-9, ICAM-1 and CD44. Inhibition may be related to the p38MAPK signaling pathway.

Investigation of Adsorption and Desorption Properties of Total Ginsenosides on Anion-exchange Resins and Its LC-MS Analysis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To compare the adsorption and desorption properties of different anion exchange resins for total ginsenosides， clarify their adsorption/desorption mechanism， and establish a simple protocol for the purification of total ginsenosides. Method:The adsorption and desorption properties of five different resins （D301， D315， D312， D330， D201） on total ginsenosides were evaluated with specific adsorption capacity， specific desorption capacity， desorption rate and recovery rate as indices. The adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics of the selected resin and D101 macroporous resin were investigated by pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models， as well as Langmuir and Freundlich isothermal adsorption models， and the differences of adsorption mechanism between anion exchange resin and conventional macroporous resin were elucidated. The dynamic adsorption and desorption experiments were used to determine the optimum chromatographic parameters for anion exchange resin. After verifying the purification process of total ginsenosides， nine individual ginsenosides were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry （LC-MS）. Result:D301 anion exchange resin was obviously superior to the other four kinds of anion exchange resin， the optimum parameters were set as follows：pH 8 of loading solution， loading volume of 2 BV， loading speed of 4 BV·h^-1， eluted with 3 BV of water and 20% ethanol for the impurities， eluted with 8 BV of 80% ethanol with elution speed of 4 BV·h^-1. After purified by D301 resin， the enrichment coefficients of 9 monomer ginsenosides were simultaneously increased to different degrees， the overall enrichment coefficient was up to 5.3， the recovery rate for the total amount of these ginsenosides was calculated to be 80.9%， and the purity of total ginsenosides in Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma extract increased from 17.07% to 91.19%. Conclusion:D301 anion exchange resin is suitable for rapid and practical purification of total ginsenosides， hence allowing for the enrichment of high-purity total ginsenosides from Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma via one-dimensional column chromatography.

Simultaneous determination of baicalein and wogonin in Baipuhuang tablets by HPLC / 国际药学研究杂志

Objective: To establish an HPLC method for simultaneous determination of baicalein and wogonin in Baipuhuang tablets. Methods: HPLC was performed on an Agilent C 18 column(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm)using the gradient acetoni trile(A)-water(B)at the 1.0 ml/min flow rate as mobile phase. The columm temperature was 30℃ and the detection wavelength was 280 nm. Results: The linear regression equation of baicalein was Y=24117X-223.95(r=0.9990);the linear range was 0.02~0.2 μg with the average recovery of 98.95% and the RSD of 0.64%(n=9). The linear regression equation of wogonin was Y=16237X-26.698(r=0.9996);the linear range was 0.02~0.2 μg with the average recovery of 99.28% and the RSD of 1.03%(n=9). The RSD values for the precision, stability and repeatability were all less than 2%. Conclusion: The established HPLC method appears to be highly sen sitive, accurate and reproducible, which could be used for the quality control of Baipuhuang tablets.

Analysis of adult mosquito monitoring results from 2017 to 2019 in Tongliao City / 上海预防医学

Objective To understand the species composition, density and seasonal variation of adult mosquitoes in Tongliao City of Inner Mongolia Autonmous Region from 2017 to 2019, and to provide scientific data for risk assessment and prediction of mosquito-borne diseases, mosquito-borne control planning, precise implementation and effect evaluation. Methods The density of adult mosquitoes was monitored in parks, hospitals, residential areas, farmers and cattle sheds in Tongliao by using the light trap method. Results A total of 3 358 adult mosquitoes were captured, including Anopheles sinensis, Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Culex quinquefasciatus with Culex quinquefasciatus as the dominant species.The change curve of adult mosquito density with season showed a single peak, and the peak period was from July to September.The density of adult mosquito in cattle shed was the highest (6.71 per night), and that in hospital was the lowest (0.99 per night).The difference between urban and rural areas in seasonal distribution of adult mosquitoes was statistically significant (χ2=4.65, P < 0.05). Conclusion Culex pipiensquinquefasciatus is the dominant mosquito species in the local area, and the villages are the places with high incidence of mosquito infestation.

Protective Effect of Salvianolic Acid B on Arsenic Trioxide-induced HepaRG Human Hepatocyte Injury / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To investigate the protective effect of salvianolic acid B on HepaRG hepatocyte injury induced by arsenic trioxide (As2O3 ) and its mechanism. Method::HepaRG cells were incubated with 5μmol·L-1 As2O3 for 24 h to induce hepatocyte injury. The cells were divided into control group, model group, salvianolic acid B 10 μmol·L-1 group, salvianolic acid B 10 μmol·L-1+ As2O3 group, salvianolic acid B 5 μmol·L-1+ As2O3 group, and salvianolic acid B 2.5 μmol·L-1+ As2O3 group. HepaRG cells were preincubated with salvianolic acid B for 2 h and then incubated with As2O3 for 24 h. At the end of the incubation, cell viability was detected by thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide assay, apoptosis was observed by Hoechst33342 fluorescence staining, apoptosis rate was detected by annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide double staining flow cytometry, and mitochondrial membrane was observed by JC-1 fluorescence staining. Western blot was used to detect the protective effect of expressions of relevant proteins Bcl-2, Bax, Akt, p-Akt on salvianolic acid B in the liver. Result::As2O3 concentration-dependently reduced the survival rate of HepaRG cells(P<0.01), salvianolic acid B had no effect on normal cell viability for 2 h, pre-incubation with salvianolic acid B(5, 10 μmol·L-1) for 2 h significantly increased the decreased cell survival rate caused by As2O3 (P<0.01). As2O3 significantly increased hepatocytes apoptosis rate(P<0.01), while pre-incubation with salvianolic acid B(10 μmol·L-1) deceased apoptosis rate(P<0.01). Incubation with As2O3 for 24 h caused decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential, pre-incubation with salvianolic acid B maintained mitochondrial membrane potential, indicating that the anti-apoptotic effect of salvianolic acid B were related to the mitochondrial pathway modulation. Western blot analysis showed that salvianolic acid B promoted the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax and promoted p-Akt/Akt compared with As2O3 group(P<0.01). Conclusion::Salvianolic acid B has a protective effect on hepatocyte injury induced by As2O3, and its mechanism is related to maintenance of mitochondrial function and inhibition of hepatocyte apoptosis.

Active Components and Mechanism of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma on Renal Fibrosis Based on Network Pharmacology / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To explore the active components, potential targets and signaling pathways of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma in the treatment of renal fibrosis based on the network pharmacology method, and then to verify the target genes in vitro. Method::Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) and Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Database (TCMID) were retrieved to obtain the main active ingredients of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma. The potential anti-renal fibrosis targets of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma were predicted by similarity ensemble approach (SEA), Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB) and GeneCards Database. Target protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by using String Version 10.5 database. David 6.8 software was used for gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of the key targets. Cytoscape Version 3.6.0 software was used for visualized analysis of PPI network, active ingredient-key target network and the ingredient-target-signal pathway network. In combination with Malachards database, the signal pathways with high correlation with renal fibrosis were screened. Then, cell experiments were used for verification: HK-2 cells were selected to establish fibrosis model by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) stimulation. The cells were treated with rhein for 48 hours. Western blot assay was used to detect the protein expression level of hypoxia inducible factor-1 α (HIF-1 α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (PDGFR-α). Protein expression levels of E-cadherin and α smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were detected by immunofluorescence. Apoptosis was detected with flow cytometry. Result::Totally 17 active ingredients of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and 424 targets of anti-renal fibrosis effect were screened out, including five key targets: protein kinase B(Akt)1, mitogen activated protein kinases 3(MAPK3), epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR), interleukin(IL)-6 and VEGFA in turn. The biological process of GO enrichment mainly involved signal transduction, cell proliferation and apoptotic process. The results of KEGG pathway enrichment showed that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/Akt, HIF-1, VEGF, and forkhead transcription factor (FoxO) pathways were related to the anti-renal fibrosis mechanism of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma. Results of the in vitro experiment proved that rhein could inhibit the expression of E-cadherin, α-SMA, HIF-1α, VEGF and PDGFR-α. In addition, rhein inhibited apoptosis induced by TGF-β1 in HK-2 cells. Part of the prediction results of network pharmacology were verified. Conclusion::This study reflects the multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway mechanism characteristics of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma. The mechanisms of its anti-renal fibrosis effects may be related to inhibiting HIF-1 α / VEGF /PDGFR-α signaling pathway, apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of renal tubular epithelial cells.

Effect of Different Effective Parts of Taohe Chengqitang on Synthesis and Degradation of Extracellular Matrix in HK-2 Cells Induced by TGF-β1 / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of different effective parts of Taohe Chengqitang on the synthesis and degradation of extracellular matrix in human kideny-2（HK-2） cells induced by transforming growth factor-β1（TGF-β1）. Method:Petroleum ether extract, ethyl acetate extract, n-butanol extract, raffinate and polysaccharide extract, mirabilite extract were extracted with 70% ethanol by systematic solvent method. The HK-2 cell fibrosis model induced by TGF-β1 was built to intervene the cells in different parts of Taohe Chengqitang with different concentrations (0, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 mg·L-1). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）kit assay was used to detect collagen（Col）-Ⅰα1 and fibronectin （FN）in supernatant to screen out the main active parts. Cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8）method was used to determine the best concentration of intervention site of bioactive components. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression levels of Col-Ⅰ, Col-Ⅲ, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor2 (TIMP2), and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). Immunofluorescence assay was used to detect the expression of α-smooth muscle actin（α-SMA）. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） analysis was used to detect the mRNA expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1（PAI-1）. Result:ELISA kit assay demonstrated that compared with the model group, ethyl acetate extract, n-butanol extract and chloroform extract significantly reduced the Col-Ⅰα1 and FN content at the concentrations of 200 and 400 mg·L-1 (P<0.05, P<0.01). CCK-8 assay showed that the cells viability was significantly inhibited with drug intervention at the concentrations of 400 and 800 mg·L-1 (P<0.01). Western blot demonstrated that compared with the model group, ethyl acetate extract, n-butanol extract and chloroform extract decreased the expression levels of Col-Ⅰ, Col-Ⅲ, TIMP2 and CTGF in HK-2 cells induced by TGF-β1, and increased the expression of MMP-2 (P<0.05), with more significant effect in n-butanol extract (P<0.01). The results of immunofluorescence showed that ethyl acetate extract, n-butanol extract and chloroform extract could inhibit the expression of α-SMA (P<0.05), with more significant effect in n-butanol extract (P<0.01). The results of Real-time PCR showed that ethyl acetate extract and chloroform extract inhibited mRNA expression of PAI-1 (P<0.05), with more significant effect in n-butanol extract (P<0.01). Conclusion:The extracts of ethyl acetate, n-butanol and chloroform are the active parts of Taohe Chengqitang with the anti-renal fibrosis effect, with n-butanol extract as the most active part. The mechanism on anti-renal fibrosis may be related to its regulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis and degradation.

Endoscopic treatment for ureterovesical junction stenosis in patients with kidney transplantation: 13 cases report / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the safety and efficacy of endoscopic treatment for ureterovesical junction (UVJ) stenosis in patients with kidney transplantation.@*METHODS@#A retrospective study was conducted among the patients with kidney transplantation diagnosed as UVJ stenosis from 2012 March to 2018 July in Urology and Lithotripsy Center, Peking University People's Hospital. Only the patients who received endoscopic treatment were included, with staged or same-session nephrostomy followed by a retrograde ureteroscopy to evaluate the ureteral stenosis. Incisions with laser, mono- or bipolar energy, or balloon dilation were used to manage the stenosis depending on different situations. Demographic characteristics and clinical data were gathered and analyzed, including age, gender, preoperative serum creatinine, hemoglobin, operation time, success rate, postoperative serum creatinine, hemoglobin, postoperative complications rate, and long-term stenosis recurrence rate.@*RESULTS@#In this study, 13 patients were included (9 males and 4 females). All the UVJ stenoses were diagnosed with preoperative ultrasound, CT scan, MRI, or urethrography. The mean age was 45 years (range 34-57 years). The mean preoperative serum creatinine was 243 μmol/L. Four patients developed UVJ stenosis 1 month after kidney transplantation, while the rest developed long-term stenosis. Fifteen operations were performed in all, of which 14 cases were successful while one failed. The first 8 cases received first-stage nephrostomy and second-stage endoscopic management of the stenosis, while the last 7 cases received the same session surgery. The mean operation time was 95.4 min vs. 68.9 min, and the immediate success rate was 87.5% vs. 100.0% in the first 8 cases and last 7 cases, respectively. The mean decrease of postoperative hemoglobin was 0.6 g/L and mean postoperative serum creatinine was 105 μmol/L. No postoperative fever, severe hematuria, and urine leak were observed. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 2.8 days. Three patients were able to remove ureteral stents and no recurrence was found with a follow-up time of 9, 17, and 82 months. The long-term stenosis recurrence rate was 76.9% (10/13).@*CONCLUSION@#Endoscopic approach for the treatment of UVJ stenosis in patients with kidney transplantation was safe and efficient in our study cohort. However, long term stenosis recurrence rate was high and needed to be paid attention to.

Treatment of crossing vessels in laparoscopic pyeloplasty / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the management of crossing vessels compression in laparoscopic pyeloplasty.@*METHODS@#From January 2016 to June 2018, a total of 21 patients who were admitted to Peking University People's Hospital with ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) associated with crossing vascular compression were reviewed. There were 15 males and 6 females who formed this group, with a mean age of (33.9±15.0) years. There were 4 cases of mild hydronephrosis, 12 cases of moderate hydronephrosis and 5 cases of severe hydronephrosis before operation. All the patients underwent laparoscopic pyeloplasty in our hospital, including 13 on the left and 8 on the right. Laparoscopic pyeloplasty (Anderson-Hynes) were performed in all the patients. Hem-o-lok suspension (14 cases in the suspension group) or translocation of the crossing vessels (7 cases in the translocation group) were used for the intraoperative management of the crossing vessels. Double J tubes were removed 8 weeks postoperatively. The patient demographic data were collected (including operation time, treatment time of crossing vessels, intraoperative blood loss, time of drainage tube removal after operation, and average length of hospital stay), postoperative outcomes were evaluated and the patients were followed up regularly.@*RESULTS@#In all the patients, the crossing vessels were successfully reserved, and none of them were ligated intra-operatively. Mean operative times were (202.2±57.0) min. The duration of intraoperative treatment of crossing vessels was (10.5±3.2) min, (6.1±2.0) min in the suspension group, and (13.7±5.2) min in the translocation group, respectively. Intraoperative blood loss was (47.8±25.6) mL, postoperative drainage time was (4.8±2.6) d, and length of hospital stay was (11.5±3.3) d. Postoperative slight urinary leakage occurred in 1 case. Preoperative pyelectasis of the affected side of all the patients was (3.4±1.7) cm, compared with postoperative pyelectasis of (1.9±1.3) cm. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Postoperative follow-up of all the patients was carried out until December 2018. There was no significant difference in kidney size in all the patients before or after the operations, and hydronephrosis was alleviated compared with that before surgery.@*CONCLUSION@#For UPJO patients with crossing vascular compression, according to the location of the crossing vessels, Hem-o-lok suspension or vessel transposition can be adopted to relieve the crossing vascular compression and improve the success rate of the surgery.

Analysis of the academic features of the moxibustion of ' physicians / 中国针灸

' acupuncture and moxibustion physicians have a lot of talented people. Their academic theories promote the development of moxibustion theory. - used acupuncture and moxibustion together in clinic, and emphasized reinforcing and reducing method. Moxibustion was performed with unique matching acupoint according to different cases. proposed the theory "moxibustion can cure sores, and has reinforcing and reducing method"scars block the movement of and do not use moxibustion when there is no disease". - elaborated on the theory of moxibustion, which involved a wide range of ideas and advocated the idea of combining acupuncture with drugs. put forward the theory "moxibustion is mostly used at acupoints on the back, and can cure multiple syndromes" "focus on the use of miraculous acupoints for the treatment of emergency diseases" "moxibustion must be treated with enough moxibustion to cure the disease". - thonght that only by carefully identifying the types of diseases and using corresponding acupoints could have a very good curative effect; moxibustion had indications and contraindications, so be careful when used it; moxibustion was divided into and , also divided into reinforcing and reducing methods; sores were suitable for moxibustion and heat syndrome could also be used by moxibustion. He also believed that moxibustion was as important as acupuncture with the complementary relationship. Hence, the valuable significance of moxibustion in clinical practice is explored through the collection of the academic thoughts of -, , -, and -.

Catheter balloon dilation combined with acupuncture for cricopharyngeal achalasia after brain stem infarction: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To screen the optimal acupuncture regimen for cricopharyngeal achalasia (CPA) after brain stem infarction and compare the therapeutic effect between the combined therapy of catheter balloon dilation and acupuncture and the simple application of catheter balloon dilation.@*METHODS@#The patients suffering from neuropathic dysphagia in CPA after brain stem infarction were selected as the subjects. After confirmed in the diagnosis with video fluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS), they were randomized into 6 groups, 15 cases in each one, named group A (routine treatment), group B (catheter balloon dilation), group C1 (treated with acupuncture in local area), group C2 (treated with acupuncture based on differentiation), group C3 (treated with acupuncture at the local area and the acupoints based on differentiation) and group D (catheter balloon dilation combined with the optimal acupuncture). Two phases were included in the study. In the first phase of study, the therapeutic effect was compared among the three acupuncture groups, named C1, C2 and C3 group, so as to screen the optimal acupuncture regimen. In the group C1, the main acupoints included Fengchi (GB 20), Wangu (GB 12), Yifeng (TE 17) and three-tongue points (Extra). In the group C2, the main acupoints were Neiguan (PC 6), Tongli (HT 5), Zusanli (ST 36) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) as well as the supplementary acupoints in accordance with the syndrome differentiation. In the group C1 and group C2, after , the electroacupuncture was used, with continuous dense wave, 5 to 8 Hz in frequency. The needles were retained for 30 min. Acupuncture was given once a day, 5 treatments a week. Before treatment, in 6 weeks of treatment or after removal of gastric tube, the rehabilitation was evaluated. In the group C3, the acupoints, manipulation and treating course were same as the group C1 and group C2. In the 2nd phase of study, theresults of rehabilitation treatment were compared among the group A, group B and group D. The treatment was given once a day, 5 times a week. Before treatment, after gastric tube removal or in 6 weeks of treatment, the evaluation was conducted. The feedingswallowing function grade and VFSS were adopted in the evaluation among the above 6 groups.@*RESULTS@#① In the VFSS comparison at 1st phase of study after treatment, the food transporting ability at oral dysphagia, the results in the group C3 and group C1 were better obviously than the group C2 (both 0.05). The severity of dysphagia in the group C3 was milder than the group C2 and group A (both <0.05). ② In the VFSS comparison at the 2nd phase of study, for the food transporting ability, the results in the group D and the group B were obviously better than the group A (both <0.05). Regarding the function at the pharyngeal dysphagia and aspiration, the results in the group D were better than the group B and group A, those in the group B were better than the group A (all <0.05). The difference in the extubation rate among the group A, group B and group D after treatment was significant statistically (<0.01), of which, the extubation rate in the group D was the highest and the rate in the group A was the lowest. The dysphagia degree in the group D was milder than the group B and group A and that in the group B was milder than the group A (all <0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#In the study of the different acupuncture methods, the acupuncture at the local acupoints and the acupoints selected based on differentiation is the optimal acupuncture regimen for cricopharyngeal achalasia after brain stem infarction. The catheter balloon dilation combined with acupuncture present the synergistc effect on cricopharyngeal achalasia after brain stem infarction, obviously relieve dysphagia and reduce aspiration.

Correlation of serum C-telopeptide cross-linked collagen type Ⅰ with bone mineraI density in a rat modeI of disuse osteoporosis / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: C-telopeptide and N-telopeptide cross-linked collagen type Ⅰ (CTx and NTx, respectively) are specific biochemical bone markers that can reflect bone formation and resorption. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association of CTx with disuse osteoporosis. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 180-220 g, were randomly divided into control and disuse osteoporosis groups. Right hind limbs of the rats in the disuse osteoporosis group were immobilitzed for 4 weeks by ankle-tail fixation to establish the rat model of disuse osteoporosis. Peritoneal venous blood was collected before and after modeling, and the femur was then removed to measure the serum CTx level and bone mineral density of the bilateral femurs. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The serum CTx level did not differ significantly between groups before modeling (P > 0.05). At 4 weeks after modeling, the serum CTx level in the disuse osteoporosis group was significantly higher than that in the control group and at baseline (P <0.01). The serum CTx level showed no significant change in the control group before and after modeling (P > 0.05). The increment of serum CTx in the disuse osteoporosis group exhibited a negative correlation with the bone mineral density of the bilateral femurs (r=0.426, P < 0.01). The bone mineral density of the right femur in the disuse osteoporosis group was significantly lower than that of the left one in the disuse osteoporosis group and the right one in the control group (P < 0.01), and there was no significant difference in the bone mineral density between left and right femurs in the control group (P > 0.05). These results imply that the model of disuse osteoporosis by ankle-tail fixation is established successfully. Disuse osteoporosis can promote the production of CTx further reducing bone mineral density; CTx is positively correlated with the degree of bone loss, so it can be used for therapeutic assessment and diagnosis of osteoporosis.

Influence of mitomycin C on corneal endothelial cell in phacoemulsification combined trabeculectomy / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To observe the influence of mitomycin C on corneal endothelial cell in phacoemulsification combined trabeculectomy.METHODS:Totally 58 patients with cataracts and glaucoma were selected and divided into 2 groups randomly,with 29 cases in each.All patients were treated with phacoemulsification combined trabeculectomy,and those of the control group used no anti-metabolism drugs in the surgery,while those of the observation group given 0.2mg/mL mitomycin C in the surgery.The visual acuity and intraocular pressure,filtering bleb form and complications were compared before and after treatment.Further more,central corneal thickness of patients was detected by corneal topography,and corneal endothelial cell density,hexagonal cell percentage,and variable coefficient of patients were detected with non-contact corneal endothelium.RESULTS:Before surgery,there was no significant difference in visual acuity between groups (P＞0.05);after surgery,the visual acuity of both groups increased,and there was no significant difference between groups either (P＞ 0.05).Before surgery,there was no significant difference on intraocular pressure between groups (P＞0.05);after surgery,the intraocular pressure of both groups decreased,and that of the observation group was lower than the controls,the difference between groups and in-groups were both had statistical significance (P＜0.05).After surgery,there was no significant difference in functional filter follicle formation rate between groups (P＞0.05),but the complication rate of observation group was lower than the controls (P＜ 0.05).After operation,the central corneal thickness,corneal endothelial cell density,hexagonal cell ratio and variation coefficient of the two groups showed no significant change,and there was no statistically significant difference between groups either (P＞0.05).CONCLUSION:Using mitomycin C in the surgery of phacoemulsification combined trabeculectomy is benefit to stabilize intraocular pressure and reduce postoperative complication rate,without the risk of injuring corneal endothelial cells.

Changes of Ski expression levels in rat activated astrocytes / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To explore the time-dependent change of Ski protein expression in normal and activated astrocytes in rats.METHODS:The astrocytes were obtained from rat cerebral cortex and cultured in vitro.The astrocytes were treated with LPS and scratch injury for activation.Western blot analysis was used to determine glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and Ski protein levels in activated astrocytes at a series of time points.The indirect immunofluorescence staining method was performed to detect the location of Ski protein in the astrocytes.RESULTS:The protein of GFAP was naturally expressed in the astrocytes, beginning to increase after treated with LPS and scratch injury.Little protein expression of Ski in the normal astrocytes was observed.The Ski protein expression began to increase after treated with 1 mg/L LPS, peaked at 4 d (P<0.05) and then deceased, but was stills higher than that in the normal cells.The protein expression level of Ski after scratch injury was highly consistent with above mentioned.Ski was mainly observed in the nucleus of the normal cells and the cells treated with LPS for 6 d, while it was observed in the cytoplasm 2 and 4 d after treated with LPS.CONCLUSION:The protein of Ski is expressed in the astrocytes, and the expression level is increased in activated astrocytes,mainly located in the nucelus.Ski may plays an essential roles in the processes of activation and proliferation of astrocytes.

Effects of Knocking Down ski on Proliferation of Astrocytes and Expression of Cyclin D1 in Rats / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To investigate the role of ski in proliferation of astrocytes and the molecular mechanisms in rats. Methods Astro-cytes were obtained from cerebral cortex of a three-day old rat and cultured in vitro. siRNA targeted to ski and negative control sequences were prepared. The astrocytes were divided into ski-siRNA group, siRNA negative control group and untreated control group, while the spe-cific siRNA targeting ski negative control sequences were transfected into astrocytes with Lipofectamine? RNAiMAX Reagent. The protein levels of ski, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and Cyclin D1 were determined with Western blotting. The proliferation of astrocytes were measured with CCK8 assay. The cell-cycle of astrocytes were analyzed with flow cytometer. Results The protein level of ski (F=38.611, P30.507, P48.425, P<0.01), compared with the control groups. Conclusion ski knocking down by siRNA significantly inhibits the proliferation of astro-cytes, which may associate with the down-regulation of Cyclin D1 expression.

Research progress of Pluronic as a drug delivery system for reversing multidrug resistance of tumors / 中国药学杂志

Pluronic is a kind of formulation material with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties. Drug delivery system with pluronic as a carrier is one of the most promising drug delivery systems for reversing multidrug resistance of tumors. In this paper, we have summarized the target drug delivery systems of Pluronic in the inhibition of tumor drug resistance, especially the application of Pluronic in the delivery system.

Anti-inflammatory iridoids from the stems of Cistanche deserticola cultured in Tarim Desert / 中国天然药物

In order to determine the chemical constituents of Cistanche deserticola cultured in Tarim desert, a systematically phytochemical investigation was carried out. The constituents were isolated by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, MCI gel, ODS column chromatography, and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were determined on the basis of MS and NMR spectroscopic analyses, by chemical methods, and/or comparison with literature data. The anti-inflammatory activities of the isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in BV-2 mouse microglial cells. Nine iridoids were isolated and identified as cistadesertoside A (1), cistanin (2), cistachlorin (3), 6-deoxycatalpol (4), gluroside (5), kankanoside A (6), ajugol (7), bartsioside (8), and 8-epi-loganic acid (9). Compound 9 exhibited potent inhibition on the NO production with an IC50 value being 5.2 μmol·L(-1), comparable to the positive control quercetin (4.3 μmol·L(-1)). Compound 1 was a new iridoid, and compounds 5, 6, and 8 were isolated from this species for the first time.

Poly(β-amino esters)-based barriers for tumor targeted delivery system / 药学学报

Poly(β-amino esters) (PBAE) are used for drug carrier and have many advantages, such as pH-sensitivity, low toxicity, structural diversity and the synthetic method of PBAE is easy. Therefore they are possessed broad application prospect in tumor-targeted drugs delivery systems. In this paper, the structural features and target drugs delivery property of PBAE are reviewed. The application forms of PBAE and different anti-cancer drugs loaded in the copolymer for tumor-targeted drugs delivery systems are introduced particularly.