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OBJECTIVE@#As a medicinal plant, the resource of Rhodiola dumulosa is deficient along with the large collection. For the protection and utilization of R. dumulosa, the influence of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on callus induction and adventitious shoots differentiation, polysaccharide production and the antioxidant activity were tested.@*METHODS@#Internodes of R. dumulosa were used as explants and cultured on MS medium plus different plant growth regulators (PGRs). The anti-oxidative activities of polysaccharides were evaluated using radical scavenging assays.@*RESULTS@#By response surface plot, 0.85 mg/L N6-benzyladenine (BA), 0.34 mg/L naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 0.33 mg/L 2,4-dicholorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) were the optimal factors for callus induction (90.03%) from internodes explants on MS medium. The fresh weight of green callus increased 47.26 fold, when callus was inoculated on MS + thidiazuron (TDZ) 0.5 mg/L + NAA 2.0 mg/L. Adventitious buds regenerated from callus on the media of MS were fortified with BA 1.0 mg/L plus NAA 0.5 mg/L, and the induction rate was 40.00%. MS plus indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) 1.0 mg/L produced the highest rooting rate with 10 to 15 roots in a length of 2-3 cm per shoot. The content of total polysaccharides in callus developed on MS + TDZ 0.5 mg/L + NAA 2.0 mg/L and MS + BA 1.0 mg/L + NAA 0.5 mg/L was as high as 1.72%-2.15%. At the dose of 0.5 mg/mL polysaccharides extracted from different callus induced on MS + NAA 2.0 mg/L + TDZ 0.5 mg/L or MS + BA 1.0 mg/L + NAA 0.5 mg/L or MS + BA 0.5 mg/L + 2,4-D 0.5 mg/L, the ABTS radical eliminating percentages were 82.78%, 80.18% and 68.59%, respectively, much higher than that of wild plant.@*CONCLUSION@#A rapid micropropagation system for R. dumulosa has been developed. The combination of TDZ and NAA or BA and NAA can increase the yield of the total polysaccharides. The polysaccharides isolated from callus and whole wild plants had stronger free radicals scavenging activities, indicating that polysaccharides from R. dumulosa are the potential pharmaceutical supplements.
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Objective To study the effects of excitation source, intraocular pressure and material parameters on frequency response of human eye under acoustic excitation. Methods Based on the three-dimensional (3D) finite element model of the whole eye, as well as the deformation and stress distribution of human eye, the effects of various parameters on frequency response of human eye were quantitatively analyzed. Results When other parameters were fixed and only the position and size of the excitation source changed, the amplitude at resonance of human eye (the acoustic excitation source was placed directly above the cornea, at an offset of 45°, and at larger excitation) at 134 Hz was 35, 48 and 133 μm, respectively. When only the intraocular pressure changed, the first-order resonance frequency was almost unaffected by the intraocular pressure, and the resonance frequencies of other orders would shift slightly to the left as the intraocular pressure increased. When only the scleral elastic parameters changed, the resonance frequency of eye tissues increased with the increase of the scleral elasticity. Conclusions The position and size of the excitation source have no effects on resonance frequency of human eye, but they have a greater effect on the resonance amplitude. The material parameters of human eye tissues have a greater effect on the frequency response, and there is a linear relationship between the intraocular pressure and resonance frequency. The results provide the theoretical basis for clinical development of high-performance intraocular pressure monitoring technology.
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Objective@#To understand the association between bullying and anxiety symptoms of boarding middle school students, and to provide a scientific basis for preventing bullying and promoting mental health of boarding middle school students.@*Methods@#By using stratified cluster random sampling method, 2 823 students were selected from 10 schools in Anyang, Henan Province. Questionnaire survey using self-designed bullying items and Mental Health Scale of Chinese Middle School Students was administered.@*Results@#The overall prevalence of school bullying was 37.9%， with boarding school students(38.9%) being higher than non-boarding school students (37.1%). The anxiety symptom reporting rate of boarding students (42.9%) was higher than that of non-boarding students (27.3%). Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that, compared with non-boarding students, bully victim and bully perpetuator/victim students were more likely to have anxiety symptoms (OR=2.30, 6.04，1.94, 4.23) (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#There is a correlation between different roles of campus bullying and anxiety symptoms among boarding and non-boarding school students. Boarding school students have a higher risk of anxiety symptoms, especially among those with both experiences of bully perpetuator/victim.
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Objective:To study the survival outcomes in patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage C hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with sorafenib combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) versus sorafenib alone.Methods:The data of 92 patients with BCLC stage C HCC at Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute& Hospital from January 2008 to December 2015 were retrospectively studied. There were 82 males and 10 females. The average age was 56.3 years. Classified according to whether there were vascular invasion and/or distant metastasis, patients were divided into the vascular invasion group ( n=24), the metastasis group ( n=48), and the vascular invasion combined with metastasis group ( n=20). All patients were treated with sorafenib, but some patients received combined treatment with TACE. The survival data of these patients on follow-up was collected. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis, and the survival rates were compared by the log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were used to determine the prognostic factors of patients’ survival. Results:There were no significant differences in the baseline clinical data among the three groups (all P>0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that pre-treatment alpha fetal protein >20 μg/L ( HR=1.90, 95% CI: 1.13-3.12), alkaline phosphatase >125 U/L ( HR=1.60, 95% CI: 1.03-2.49) and sorafenib alone ( HR=2.11, 95% CI: 1.23-3.54) were independent risk factors of survival for these patients. There were no significant differences in the cumulative survival rates among the three groups ( P>0.05). In the vascular invasion group, the cumulative survival rates of patients treated with combined sorafenib and TACE ( n=4) were significantly higher than those treated with sorafenib alone ( n=20) ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Compared with sorafenib alone, sorafenib combined with TACE resulted in better prognosis for patients with BCLC stage C HCC. Subgroup analysis showed that patients with vascular invasion had significantly better survival treated with combined sorafenib and TACE than sorafenib alone.
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Accelerated forgetting has been identified as a feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the therapeutic efficacy of the manipulation of biological mechanisms of forgetting has not been assessed in AD animal models. Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1), a small GTPase, has been shown to regulate active forgetting in Drosophila and mice. Here, we showed that Rac1 activity is aberrantly elevated in the hippocampal tissues of AD patients and AD animal models. Moreover, amyloid-beta 42 could induce Rac1 activation in cultured cells. The elevation of Rac1 activity not only accelerated 6-hour spatial memory decay in 3-month-old APP/PS1 mice, but also significantly contributed to severe memory loss in aged APP/PS1 mice. A similar age-dependent Rac1 activity-based memory loss was also observed in an AD fly model. Moreover, inhibition of Rac1 activity could ameliorate cognitive defects and synaptic plasticity in AD animal models. Finally, two novel compounds, identified through behavioral screening of a randomly selected pool of brain permeable small molecules for their positive effect in rescuing memory loss in both fly and mouse models, were found to be capable of inhibiting Rac1 activity. Thus, multiple lines of evidence corroborate in supporting the idea that inhibition of Rac1 activity is effective for treating AD-related memory loss.
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Objective To investigate the effects of lidocaine and methylene blue on the analgesia of the anal pain after hemorrhoids. Methods Using computer random way, to the hospital from January 2014 to October 2016 postoperative anal pain patients, 52 cases of hemorrhoids were randomLy divided into normal group and research group, 26 cases of each item, which the conventional pain processing, conventional group team to lidocaine and methylene blue, compared two groups of patients with analgesic effect and the incidence of adverse reactions. Results 1d, 3d, 5d and 7d were performed after surgery, and the VAS pain score of the study group was lower than that in the conventional group, and the results of the test were statistically significant (P<0.05). Statistical incidence of adverse reactions in both groups, found the team vomiting nausea, headache, dizziness and transient hypertension incidence of adverse reactions, significantly lower than the normal group, the difference between groups with the clinical inspection was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The postoperative anal pain, hemorrhoids application of lidocaine and methylene blue, can obtain satisfactory analgesia effect, operation method is simple, low incidence of adverse reactions, safe and reliable, and can use it as a clinical analgesic solution recommended applications.
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Objective To investigate the effect of gastric capsule combined with psychological intervention on immune function and quality of life in patients with advanced gastric cancer.Methods A total of 130 patients with advanced gastric cancer were enrolled in this studyfrom July 2014 to August 2016 in our hospital,andrandomly divided into two groups.Twogroups were treated with chemotherapy,andobservation group was treated anotherwithWeinaian capsule.The immune indexes, quality of life and side effects of the 2 groups before and after chemotherapy were compared and analyzed.Results After chemotherapy,CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+、CD3+ and NKlevel of observation group were better than that of control group(all P<0.05).After chemotherapy,SF-36 score of physical function, health status, vitality, emotional and mental health scores of observation group werebetter than that of control group(all P<0.05).During chemotherapy,proportion of gastrointestinal reaction and liver and kidney injury of observation group were 35.38% and 21.54%,lower than that of control group 63.08% and 40.00%(all P<0.05).Conclusion Weinaian capsule can improve immunologic function of advanced gastric cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and reduce adverse reactions,so as to improve the quality of life of patients.
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Objective To observe the effects ofTrametes robiniophila Murr and Isatidis Radix bidirectional fermentation products on the migration and invasion of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells and relevant factors; To discuss relevant mechanism of action.Methods Breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7 was used as research subject in this experiment. Control group, Isatidis Radix group,Trametes robiniophila Murr group, andTrametes robiniophila Murr and Isatidis Radix group were included in the experiment. The effects ofTrametes robiniophila Murr and Isatidis Radix bidirectional fermentation products on MCF-7 cell proliferation were measured by MTT method. Cell scratch assay, transwell assay and adhesion assay were used to measure the effects ofTrametes robiniophila Murrand Isatidis Radix bidirectional fermentation products on the migration, invasion and adhesion capability of MCF-7 cells, respectively. The effects ofTrametes robiniophila Murrand Isatidis Radix bidirectional fermentation products on the mRNA expression of MMP-9 and Vimentin were measured by RT-PCR.Results Compared with Isatidis Radix group andTrametes robiniophila Murrgroup, Trametes robiniophila Murr and Isatidis Radix bidirectional fermentation products could significantly inhibit the proliferation, migration, invasion and adhesion capability of MCF-7 cells (P<0.05). Similarly,Trametes robiniophila Murr and Isatidis Radix bidirectional fermentation products reduced the mRNA expression of MMP-9 and Vimentin (P<0.05).ConclusionTrametes robiniophila Murrand Isatidis Radix bidirectional fermentation products may down-regulate the expression of MMP-9 and Vimentin to inhibit the migration, invasion and adhesion capabilities of MCF-7 cells.
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Animal medicine is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine with a long application history in China. Systematically understanding the history of the development of animal medicine is of great significance to scientific protection and rational use of animal medicine resources. It has certain guiding significance to protection of wild resources, exploitation of new substitutes, standardization and summary of artificial breeding, and artificial reproduction technology. Taking the development of bezoar as an example, this article expounded the following four aspects:the development history of animal medicine, national animal protection, technical development, and prospect forecast by summarizing the Chinese ancient medical books and consulting the relevant laws and regulations. The entire above are about to offer new ideas for the sustainable development, the development of new medicine resources, and the development of animal medicine related preparation product.
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How follicular T-helper (Tfh) cells develop is incompletely understood. We find that, upon antigen exposure in vivo, both naïve and antigen-experienced T cells sequentially upregulate CXCR5 and Bcl6 within the first 24 h, relocate to the T-B border, and give rise to phenotypic Bcl6(+)CXCR5(+) Tfh cells before the first cell division. CXCR5 upregulation is more dependent on ICOS costimulation than that of Bcl6, and early Bcl6 induction requires T-cell expression of CXCR5 and, presumably, relocation toward the follicle. This early and rapid upregulation of CXCR5 and Bcl6 depends on IL-6 produced by radiation-resistant cells. These results suggest that a Bcl6(hi)CXCR5(hi) phenotype does not automatically define a Tfh lineage but might reflect a state of antigen exposure and non-commitment to terminal effector fates and that niches in the T-B border and/or the follicle are important for optimal Bcl6 induction and maintenance.
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Animals , Mice , CD40 Ligand , Metabolism , Cell Differentiation , Physiology , DNA-Binding Proteins , Metabolism , Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Protein , Metabolism , Interleukin-6 , Metabolism , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6 , Receptors, CXCR5 , Metabolism , T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer , MetabolismABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the influence of fusion to upper end vertebra(UEV)or not on the correction outcomes of Lenke type 5 idiopathic scoliosis with anterior selective fusion.Methods From January 2002 to December 2006,36 AIS patients with a Lenke type 5 curve received anterior single-rod selective fusion and had a minimum 2-year follow-up.According to the level of upper instrumented vertebra,the patients were divided into two groups:Group A(n=21),fused to UEV,and Group B(n=15),fused to the vertebra below UEV.Patients of Group A and B had a mean age of 15.3 and 15.5 years,a mean thoracolumbar/lumbar curve of 46.2° and 46.7°,and a mean proximal thoracic curve of 26.3° and 29.6°,respectively.During the surgery,average 5.3 and 4.8 levels of vertebrae were fused in Group A and B,respectively.Results Group A and B had a mean follow-up of 31 and 33 months,respectively.The correction rate of major curves in Group A was marginally higher than in Group B(79％ versus 70％,P=0.062),and the spontaneous correction rate of proximal curves in Group A was higher than in Group B(46％ versus 29％,P=0.044).Regarding the pre-operative sagittal profile,similar lumbar lordosis and sacral slope were observed between both groups,and a slight negative balance was maintained.Thoracic kyphosis showed a mild increment in both groups.Thoracolumbar junctional kyphosis resulted in a trivial kyphotic trend.Proximal junctional measurement showed a slight increment in kyphosis,and instrumented segment angle displayed a decreasing lordotic trend.Conclusion Fusion to UEV in anterior selective fusion of Lenke type 5 curve might lead to a better correction of the thoracolumbar/lumbar curve and the unfused proximal thoracic curve,while have no significant influence on the sagittal reconstruction.
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Objective To analyze the outcomes of bracing treatment for girls with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), and to investigate the predictive factors of the protocol. Methods This study included 142 girls with AIS who finished standardized bracing treatment from July 2003 to July 2009. These patients had a mean age of 13.1±1.5 years, a mean main curve of 29.6°±5.4°, and a mean Risser grade of 2.0±1.5 before bracing treatment. Curve progression was defined that Cobb angle was greater than 6° compared to bracing initiation or was aggravated to more than 45° (indicative for surgery). The outcomes of bracing treatment were assessed based on the ratio of curves of progression or indicative for surgery. Chi-square and Logistic regression Analyses were performed to investigate the predictive factors of bracing treatment. Results The duration of bracing treatment averaged 2.5±1.0 years. Twenty-seven girls with curve progression (19%)and 115 girls (81%) with non-progression were found. Final curve which was greater than 45° was found in 18 girls (13%) who need a correction surgery, the remaining 124 girls (87%) had completed bracing treatment and avoided surgery. Chi-square analyses revealed that curve progression were more common in younger girls with lower Risser grade, with initial larger Cobb angle and with a main thoracic curve pattern.Logistic regression analyses found that premenarchal status and a main thoracic curve pattern were the independent risk factors of curve progression despite bracing. While initial Cobb angle which was greater than 30° was the additional independent risk factor of progression requiring surgery. Conclusion Bracing treatment could effectively prevent curve progression in most girls with AIS. The degree of growth maturity, the pattern and grade of curve are the influencing factor for bracing treatment.
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Objective To investigate the arousal effect in the emotional Stroop effect by systematically manipulating the valence and arousal of affective stimuli.Methods 27 college students were recruited to distinThe main effect of emotion on RT was significant (F(5.130) = 5.90, P ＜ 0.01 ), RTs in positive (( 893±36 ) ms)main effect of Emotion on ACC was marginally significant (F(5.130) = 2.63, P = 0.05 ), ACC in high arousing negalence on RT was significant (F(1.26 = 7.03, P =0.013 ).Further analysis revealed that RTs in positive condition was significant (F(1.26) =5.63, P=0.025),ACC in high arousing condition (0.93 ±0.17) was lower than ACC in low arousing condition (0.95 ± 0.09 ).Conclusion The emotional Stroop effect mainly depends on the arousal information of affective stimuli.
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Objective To prospectively explore the techniques and correction results of the method of vertebral coplanar alignment (VCA) in posterior correction for thoracic scoliosis. Methods Between June 2008 to March 2009, 27 patients with idiopathic thoracic scoliosis were selected to undergo posterior pedicle screw fixation with assistance of Coplanar system. There were 26 females and 1 male with the average age of 15.9 years(ranged 11-23 years). There were type 1 in 25 cases and type 2 in two cases. The levels of fusion were established according to the Lenke criteria. The average preoperative coronal Cobb angle was 49°(ranged 40°-70° ). During the procedure, the pedicle screws were inserted in each involved levels on the convex side, an extended Coplanar tube was screwed in line with screw axis to each screws. Then two rigid bars were inserted through the uppermost part of the slotted tube sequentially. As the bar was gently driven down toward the bottom end, the pedicle screws axis started to converge in the straight line, correcting translation and rotation. Spacers were inserted into the slots of the tubes to achieve the ideal physiologic thoracic kyphosis. Once the rod was fixated in the concave side of the main curve, the Coplanar system could be removed. Results The mean postoperative Cobb angle was 14° (ranged 6°-25°), representing the correction rate of 70.7%. The average duration of surgery was 245 min (ranged 210-300 min) and a mean estimated blood loss was 1500 ml (ranged 600-2100 ml). The duration of follow-up averaged 15 (12-18) months. The loss of correction at last follow-up was 3° with the loss of correction rate of 6.1%. In the sagittal plane, the thoracic kyphosis was restored from 18° to 25°. No coronal or sagittal plane decompensation occurred. No thoraeoplasties were necessary to correct the residual rib hump. There was no death, infection and neurological complications. Conclusion The Coplanar is a new technique for the correction of scoliosis, its advantage lies in excellent and modulatable three-dimensional correction with a single and standardized maneuver.
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Objective To investigate the preoperative evaluation of pulmonary function and protocol for scoliotic patients with respiratory failure. Methods From September 2000 to June 2008, sixteen patients suffered from respiratory failure were recruited into this study. There were two males and three females who were diagnosed as idiopathic scoliosis with a mean age of 13.5 years (range, 10-16 years). The other eleven patients were diagnosed as congenital scoliosis, including five males and six females with a mean age of 12.4 years (range, 10-14 years). The mean preoperative Cobb angle was 126.6°±15.5° with a mean height of 137.6 cm (range, 120-160 cm) and a mean weight of 32.5 kg (range, 18-40 kg). Decision was made depending on the severity of pulmonary impairment and spinal deformity. Preoperative treatment included respiratory training, noninvasive positive pressure ventilation therapy and halo-gravity traction. Results All patients received corrective surgery; ten patients were extubated tracheal tubes successfully 1 hour after surgery and six patients had to stay in intensive care unit (ICU) for 24 hours. Pulmonaryedema occurred in two cases and pneumonia in one case. The Cobb angle had improved to 72.0°±13.2° after surgery with a correction rate of 43%. All patients recovered well after surgery with no major cardiac or pulmonary complications.Conclusion Patients with preexisting respiratory failure can tolerate deformity correction operation with few complications after receiving a set of preoperative respiratory training modalities.
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[Objective]To investigate the value of intra-operative somatosensory-evoked potential monitoring in surgery for thoracic spinal stenosis.[Method]Twenty-two patients with thoracic spinal stenosis underwent decompressive laminectomy surgery.The preoperative and intraoperative SPEs were recorded.The SEPs were analyzed with three indices:(1)SEPs wave pattern;(2)P40 latency;(3)P40-N50 amplitude.More than 50% decrease in SEPs amplitudes or more than 10% increase in latency was considered to be the warning threshold.[Result]Cases were classified into four groups according to preoperative SPEs wave pattern.Type Ⅰ inclued 2 cases whose SEPs monitoring had least meaning,and the spinal cord function remained unchanged postoperatively.4 cases with Type Ⅱ and the SEPs wave pattern were too unreliable to make analysis.Eleven cases in Type Ⅲ showed significant changes on SEPs,and most patients felt relief of symptom a week later.Type IV with 5 cases showed normal SEPs and all of them got well restored neurological function.[Conclusion]SEPs has good correlation with clinical outcomes.Its sensitivity,instant response and quantitative analysis make SEPs with great effectiveness in intraoperative monitoring on surgery of thoracic spinal stenosis.
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OBJECTIVE Learned through the seeing about the infection management of the Japanese Oita Medical University affiliated hospital and analyzed our hospital infection management′s status,to understand the dynamic management of hospital infection.Moreover these suggested that we attach importance to the management of hospital infection and constantly explore new ways of hospital infection management.METHODS According to the comparative presentation of these two hospitals′ awareness and practices of infection management from China and Japan,this paper probed into the direction of our hospital infection management development.RESULTS Hospitals in every country of the world have attached great importance to their infection management,but their specific practices were different.CONCLUSIONS By comparing inspection,every hospital should maintain the individualized characteristics and learn from each others′ strong points to offset their own weakness in order to gain continuous improvement of hospital infection management.
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Objective:To explore the difference in susceptibility to high-fat diet induced obesity in rats,as well as the changes of serum proteins. Method:Forty male SD rats were divided into basic group and high-fat diet group randomly. After 5w feeding DIO(diet-induced obesity)and DIO-R(diet-induced obesity resistance) rats were selected according to their body weight gain. The rats were sacrificed and the changes of serum proteins were screened using WCX2 proteomic chips made by American Ciphergen Biosystems. Results: DIO rats were significantly different from DIO-R rats in body weight,body-fat ratio,blood glucose and blood lipids. At the molecular weight range between 2 to 100 ku,the proteins with molecular weight of 7 945 and 9 513 were significantly expressed differently between DIO and DIO-R rats,and the proteins with molecular weight of 4496, 6152, 6267 were significantly expressed differently between DIO-R and control rats (the rats were fed basic diet). Conclusion:Different susceptibility to DIO or DIO-R was found in SD rats when they were fed high-fat diet. The differentially expressed serum proteins between DIO rats and DIO-R were observed,which might provide the basis for further isolation,purification and identification of these proteins.
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Objective To determine the effectiveness and clinical result of intraoperative monitoring of compound muscle action potential (CMAP) in avoiding nerve root impingement during lumbar spine intrapedical instrumentation. Methods Twenty-five cases were given intraoperative stimulus-evoked electromyographic monitoring. After anode of stimulating electrode was placed at the Kirschner wire inside the passage of pedicle screws, the integrity of the pedicle cortex was tested by stimulating each screw head and recording compound action potentials of relevant muscles. Results Stimulation at an intensity of 16.2 mA evoked a compound muscle action potential in one case and that at over 35 mA did in four cases. No neurologic deficits were found in any case intraoperatively or postoperatively. Conclusions Stimulating intensity below 10 mA needs rearranging screw site. A stimulation intensity of 10-20 mA indicates X-ray inspection and visual inspection to exclude any pedicle breaches. Stimulation thresholds above 20 mA can be regarded as safe threshold to monitor the nerve root impingement. Intraoperative electromyographic monitoring provides a real-time watch-dog for monitoring spinal nerve root injury during posterior lumbar instrumentation.