ABSTRACT
The present study carried out a phytochemical investigation of the methanol extract of the branches and leaves of Clausena lansium and afforded nine carbazole alkaloids (compounds 1-9) including two new carbazole alkaloids, claulansiums A and B (compounds 1 and 2). The new compounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic data (MS, NMR, IR, and UV) and the known compounds were identified by comparing spectroscopic data with those reported in literature. All the isolated compounds were tested for their cytotoxic activity against A549 and Hela cancer cell lines. Our results showed that compounds 2-6 exhibited varying degrees of cytotoxicity to cancer cells, with IC values ranging from 8.67 to 98.89 μmol·L.
Subject(s)
Humans , A549 Cells , Alkaloids , Chemistry , Toxicity , Antineoplastic Agents , Chemistry , Toxicity , Carbazoles , Chemistry , Toxicity , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Survival , Clausena , Chemistry , HeLa Cells , Molecular Structure , Plant Extracts , Chemistry , Toxicity , Plant Leaves , Chemistry , Plant Stems , Chemistry , Plants, Medicinal , ChemistryABSTRACT
AIM:To investigate the effects of exercise training on the progression from prehypertension to hy -pertension,blood pressure regulation and the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2)-angiotensin(Ang)(1-7)-MAS axis activation in cardiovascular centers ,and to elucidate the central mechanisms of exercise training postponing hyperten -sion progression.METHODS:The male spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR;n=20,5 weeks old)and normotensive Wistar Kyoto(WKY)rats(n=20)were randomly assigned to sedentary(Sed)group and exercise training(ExT)group. The trained rats run on a treadmill in moderate-intensity for 20 weeks.Systolic blood pressure(SBP)was measured by tail-cuff method.The baroreflex sensitivity(BRS)was assessed by intravenous injection of phenylephrine.The expression of ACE2 and MAS receptor at mRNA and protein levels in baroreflex centers were determined by real-time PCR and Western blot,respectively.Alterations of BRS were evaluated before and after intracerebroventricular injection of MAS receptor ago -nist Ang(1-7)and its antagonist A779,respectively.RESULTS:Compared with SHR +Sed group,exercise training since prehypertension significantly postponed the development of hypertension ,delayed the hypertension progression ,and decreased SBP in both SHR and WKY rats(P<0.05).Exercise training enhanced blood pressure regulation and improved the BRS in SHR(P<0.01).The expression of ACE2 and MAS receptor at mRNA and protein levels in the baroreflex cen-ters(rostral ventrolateral medulla ,nucleus tract solitarius and paraventricular nucleus )were up-regulated in SHR +ExT group(P<0.05).Central administration of A779 abolished the benefits of exercise-induced improvement of BRS in SHR +ExT group(P<0.01).In contrast,Ang(1-7)improved the BRS in both SHR +Sed group and SHR +ExT group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Exercise training postpones hypertension progression and improves blood pressure regula -tion,which may be associated with the activation of central ACE 2-Ang(1-7)-Mas axis.
ABSTRACT
The present study carried out a phytochemical investigation of the methanol extract of the branches and leaves of Clausena lansium and afforded nine carbazole alkaloids (compounds 1-9) including two new carbazole alkaloids, claulansiums A and B (compounds 1 and 2). The new compounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic data (MS, NMR, IR, and UV) and the known compounds were identified by comparing spectroscopic data with those reported in literature. All the isolated compounds were tested for their cytotoxic activity against A549 and Hela cancer cell lines. Our results showed that compounds 2-6 exhibited varying degrees of cytotoxicity to cancer cells, with IC values ranging from 8.67 to 98.89 μmol·L.
Subject(s)
Humans , A549 Cells , Alkaloids , Chemistry , Toxicity , Antineoplastic Agents , Chemistry , Toxicity , Carbazoles , Chemistry , Toxicity , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Survival , Clausena , Chemistry , HeLa Cells , Molecular Structure , Plant Extracts , Chemistry , Toxicity , Plant Leaves , Chemistry , Plant Stems , Chemistry , Plants, Medicinal , ChemistryABSTRACT
The genus Clausena Burm.f. (family Rutaceae) concerns 25 species all over the world, and 13 species are native to China especially in the southwest and south of China, Yunnan Province has 11 species. The chemical composition from Clausena Burm.f. included carbazole alkaloids, coumarins, sesquiterpenes, benzene derivatives, tetranortriterpenoids, flavonoids and so on. The carbazole alkaloids have attracted much attention in recent years. The recent research progress on carbazole alkaloids from Clausena Burm.f. was reviewed in this paper about the structures, isolation, structure elucidation, and biological activities.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To study the chemical constituents from the roots of Clausena excavata (Rutaceae). Methods: The compounds were isolated and purified by means of column chromatographies including silica gel, RP-18, and HPLC. Compound structures isolated were determined on the basis of spectroscopic data. Results: Thirteen carbazole alkaloids clausine K (1), clausine E (2), 3-formyl-7-hydroxycarbazole (3), clausine H (4), clausine M (5), mukona (6), O-demethylmurrayanine (7), clausine O (8), 3-formylcarbazole (9), 3-formyl-6-methoxy carbazole alkaloid (10), clausine C (11), 2-methoxy-3-carboxylic acid-carbazole alkaloid (12), and clausine Z (13) were isolated from the roots of C. excavata. Conclusion: Compounds 9,10, and 12 are isolated from this plant for the first time. Compounds 1,2,7,8, and 10 are tested for their cytotoxicities against A549, Hela, and BGC-823 cancer cell lines. The results show that they exhibit the cytotoxicity against A549, Hela, and BGC-823 with the IC50 values of 8.53-19.87 μg/mL.
ABSTRACT
To investigate monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes of the stems and leaves of Clausena excavata, an AcOEt fraction of the methanol extract was subjected on column chromatographies including silica gel and RP-18, as well as preparative HPLC. The structures of compounds isolated were identified on the basis of spectroscopic data as excamonoterpene (1), (6R, 9S)-9, 10-dihydroxy-4-megastigmen-3-one (2), (3R, 6R, 7E) -3-hydroxy-4, 7-megastigmadien-9-one (3), (3S) -3-hydroxy-7, 8-dihydro-beta-ionone (4), (3S, 5R, 6S) -3-hydroxy-5,6-epoxy-beta-ionone (5), (6R, 9R) -9-hydroxy-4-megastigmen-3-one (6), (3S, SR) -dihydroxy-6, 7-megstigmadien-9-one(7), (-)-loliolide(8), caryolane-1, 9alpha-diol(9) and 2, 6-dihydroxyhumula-3 (12), 7 (13), 9(E)-triene (10), were isolated from the stems and leaves of C. excavata. Compound 1 is a new monoterpene, named as excamonoterpene. Compounds 2-10 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Subject(s)
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Methods , Clausena , Chemistry , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Methanol , Chemistry , Molecular Structure , Monoterpenes , Chemistry , Plant Leaves , Chemistry , Plant Stems , Chemistry , Sesquiterpenes , Chemistry , Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray IonizationABSTRACT
A new phenethanol, (2'R)-4-(2', 3'-dihydroxy-3'-methyl-butanoxy)-phenethanol (1), along with other eleven known benzene derivatives (2-12) were isolated from the roots, stems and leaves of Clausena excavata (Rutaceae). Compounds 3 and 4 are new natural products, and compounds 5-8, 10-12 were isolated from C. excavata for the first time. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analyses including HSQC, COSY and HMBC experiments. 1 was tested for its cytotoxicities against A549, HeLa and BGC-823 cancer cell lines, and antimicrobial activities against Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed that 1 did not exhibit cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities.
Subject(s)
Humans , Benzene Derivatives , Chemistry , Candida albicans , Cell Line, Tumor , Clausena , Chemistry , HeLa Cells , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Molecular Structure , Plant Leaves , Chemistry , Plant Roots , Chemistry , Plant Stems , Chemistry , Staphylococcus aureusABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism of compatibility of Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparate and Zingiber offiicinale Bosc. by determining the contents of four aconitine alkaloids (hyacinthin, benzoylaconine, benzoylhypaconine and benzoylmesaconine) in decoction made from Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparate alone and the co-decoctions made from the two medicinal herbs by HPLC. METHODS: The separation was performed on a Kromasil C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm) with a gradient elution of acetonitrile (A) and 0.2% aqueous acetic acid at pH of 6.20 adjusted with triethylamine (B) (0-15 min: 25%-31% A; 15-36 min: 31%-35% A; 36-40 min; 35%-25% A). The column temperature was set at 30°C. The flow rate was 1.0 mL · min-1 and the injection volume was 20 μL. The detection wavelength was set at 240 nm. RESULTS: The four components showed baseline separation. The linearity of this method was good (r≤0.999), and the average recoveries were 96.9%-101.9% with RSD<3%. Compared with the decoction made from Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparate alone, the contents of hyacinthin and benzoylmesaconine in the co-decoctions made from Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparate and Zingiber offiicinale Bosc. were increased, the contents of benzoylaconine and benzoylhypaconine were decreased, but the sum of the four aconitine alkaloids was increased. CONCLUSION: The compatibility of Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparate and Zingiber offiicinale Bosc. can increase the release of aconitine alkaloids. The feasibility of the compatibility of Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparate and Zingiber offiicinale Bosc. is elaborated from chemical point of view.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents of the unmatured fruits of Citrus aurantium.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The AcOEt fraction of the methanol extracts of the unmatured fruits of C. aurantium were subjected on column chromatographies including silica gel, RP-18 and HPLC. Compound structures isolated were determined on the basis of spectroscopic data.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Three compounds were isolated from the unmatured fruits of C. aurantium, which were identified as citrauranoside (1), limonexin (2) and limonin (3).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compound 1 is a new chroman glycoside derivative, named as citrauranoside.</p>