Comparison of Disease Burden Factors of Thyroid Cancer Between China and the World From 1990 to 2019 / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To compare the prevalence and disease burden of thyroid cancer and their trends between China and the globe from 1990 to 2019.Methods With the global disease burden data in 2019,Joinpoint was used to predict the trends of the disease burden of thyroid cancer in China and the globe from 1990 to 2019,and logarithmic linear model was used to test the predicted trends.The R language was used for predictive analysis and graphic plotting of the disease burden from 2020 to 2035.Results From 1990 to 2019,the standardized incidence rate and the standardized mortality rate of thyroid cancer in China were lower than those in the globe.The standardized incidence rate in China and the globe showed an increasing trend(with the increases of 102.65% and 40.65%,respectively),while the standardized mortality rate showed a decreasing trend(with the decreases of 7.63% and 4.91%,respectively).Compared with those of the female population,the standardized incidence and mortality rates of the Chinese male population increased significantly from 1990 to 2019(the rates of change in the male population were 48.65% and 214.60%,respectively;and the rates of change in the female population were -39.01% and 60.44%,respectively).China's overall standardized years of life lost(YLL),years lived with disability(YLD),and disability-adjusted life years(DALY)rates during the 30-year period were lower than the global average.The Chinese and global populations showed the standardized YLL rate decreasing by 16.61% and 6.88% and the standardized DALY rate decreasing by 10.77% and 3.65%,respectively,while the rates of standardized YLD increased by 128.91% and 46.89%,respectively.The magnitude of DALY in China and the world was mainly influenced by YLL.The standardized incidence,mortality,and DALY rates of the Chinese male population were gradually approaching the global levels.From 1990 and 2019,thyroid cancer showed a higher mortality rate in the population with the age ≥ 75 years and a higher incidence rate in the population with the age <75 years.It is projected that from 2020 to 2035,the standardized incidence rates in China and the world will increase by 36.66% and 21.15%,respectively;the standardized mortality rates will decrease by 20.19% and 3.46%,respectively;and the standardized DALY rate is expected to decrease by 7.08% in China and increase by 4.35% in the world.Conclusions From 1990 to 2019,China's standardized incidence rate of thyroid cancer increased and had a higher increase than the global level,and the standardized mortality rate decreased,with a slightly higher decrease than the global level.However,the increases in the standardized incidence rate and mortality rate of this disease in China's ≥75 years male population were severe.Although China's disease burden of thyroid cancer showed a decreasing trend in line with the global trend as a whole,the disease burden in the Chinese males was higher than that in the females.Specifically,the disease burden due to premature death was predominant,and the burden in specific populations requires policy attention.

Observation on patency of radial artery bridge in patients after coronary artery transplantation / 天津医药

@#Objective Toexplorethepatencyofbridgevesselsinpatientsaftercoronaryarterytransplantation,andto providereferencefortheselectionofclinicalbridgevessels.Methods Dataof32patientsunderwentcoronaryangiography aftercoronaryarterybypassgraftingwereselectedandanalyzedretrospectively.Theoverallusageandpatencyofthegreat saphenousveingraft(SVG),theleftinternalmammaryartery(LIMA)andtheradialartery(RA)wereanalyzed.Thepatency ofthenearfuture(5years),themediumterm(5-10years)andlongterm(>10years)werecomparedbetweenthethreekinds ofbridgingvascularvessels.TheRAocclusionwasanalyzed. Results Thetotalnumberofbridgevesselsusedin 32 patientswas85,only1caseusedrightinternalmammaryartery(RIMA),theothersusedSVG,LIMAandRA,inwhich48, 23and13brancheswereusedrespectively.ThepatencyratesofSVG,LIMAandRAwere25%(12/48),73.91%(17/23)and 69.23(9/13)respectively.Therecentandmedium-termpatencyratesofallbridgevesselsshowedadecreasingtrend,in whichtherecentpatencyrateofSVGwassignificantlyhigherthanthatinLIMA,theintermediatepatencyratesofLIMAand SVGwerehigherthanthatofRA,andthelong-termpatencyrateofRAwassignificantlyhigherthanthatofLIMAandSVG. Therewasseverestenosis(＞90%)orocclusionintheproximalsegmentofanastomosisinthe9radialarteriesunobstructed. Conclusion TheutilizationrateofRAisstilllow,andtheoverallpatencyrateofRAissuperiortotheSVG.RAcanbe usedasthesecondoptimalbridgevessel.ThepatientselectionandRAevaluationshouldbedonebeforeapplyingRA.The proximalstenosisdegreeoftargetvesselsignificantlyaffectsthelong-termpatencyofRA.

Triple-phase helical CT in the differential diagnosis between small hepatocellular carcinoma and small hepatic cavernous hemangioma / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To scrutinize the enhancement pattern at hepatic arterial phase (HAP), portal venous phase (PVP) and delayed phase (DP) by helical CT examination in order to differentiate small hepatocellular carcinoma (SHCC) from small hepatic cavernous hemangioma (SHCH).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In 38 patients (41 lesions) with SHCC and 35 patients (45 lesions) with SHCH, the images at HAP, PVP and DP were recorded as to the characteristic of enhancements with the average CT value at the HAP monitored and compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The enhancement patterns of SHCC at the HAP, PVP, and DP were assessed as hyper-hypo-hypodense in 20 lesions, hyper-iso-hypodense in 6 lesions, hyper-hyper-hypodense in 3 lesions, hyper-iso-isodense in 5 lesions, iso-hypo-hypodense in 3 lesions, and hypo-hypo-hypodense in 4 lesions. The enhancement patterns of the SHCH were assessed as a peripheral hyperdense nodular at HAP, then progressively enlarged at PVP and turned into a isodense or homogeneous hyperdense nodular at DP in 27 lesions, hyper-hyper-iso or hyperdense in 9 lesions, hyper-iso-isodense in 3 lesions, hypo-hypo-hypodense in 6 lesions. The enhancement CT values at the HAP of homogeneous hyperdense SHCC and SHCH were (40.4 +/- 15.5) Hounsfield Unit (HU) and (102.8 +/- 18.9) HU respectively (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Most of the small hepatocellular carcinoma and small hepatic cavernous hemangioma have typical appearance by triple-phase helical CT examination, and can easily and properly be diagnosed. But it is difficult to distinguish SHCC from SHCH with atypical appearance in isolated cases. Hence differentiation may be difficult. Therefore, further examinations such as MRI, ultra-sonography or isotope scintigraphy are helpful in the differential diagnosis.</p>